Merged_ADHD_Drugs.docx

Attention Deficit Drugs 1\. \*\*What is the primary goal of treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?\*\* \- A) Eliminate all hyperactivity \- B) Cure the disorder \- C) Reduce symptoms so the patient can function in all environments \- D) Improve only academic performance \*\*...

Attention Deficit Drugs 1\. \*\*What is the primary goal of treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?\*\* \- A) Eliminate all hyperactivity \- B) Cure the disorder \- C) Reduce symptoms so the patient can function in all environments \- D) Improve only academic performance \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Reduce symptoms so the patient can function in all environments 2\. \*\*Which of the following is considered first-line therapy for ADHD?\*\* \- A) Atomoxetine \- B) Stimulants \- C) Clonidine \- D) Guanfacine \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Stimulants 3\. \*\*Which type of ADHD diagnosis includes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity?\*\* \- A) ADHD predominantly inattentive \- B) ADHD combined \- C) ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive \- D) ADHD in remission \*\*Answer\*\*: B) ADHD combined \#\#\# Slide 2 - ADHD Types 4\. \*\*What is a common symptom of ADHD in adults?\*\* \- A) Inattention \- B) Hyperactivity \- C) Aggression \- D) Anxiety \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Inattention 5\. \*\*Which ADHD subtype is characterized by difficulty focusing and sustaining attention without hyperactivity?\*\* \- A) ADHD predominantly inattentive \- B) ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive \- C) ADHD combined \- D) ADHD in children \*\*Answer\*\*: A) ADHD predominantly inattentive 6\. \*\*Which of the following is a key difference in ADHD symptoms between childhood and adulthood?\*\* \- A) Adults experience more hyperactivity than inattention \- B) Hyperactivity dominates in childhood, while inattention dominates in adulthood \- C) Children only have inattention issues \- D) Adults do not experience any ADHD symptoms \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hyperactivity dominates in childhood, while inattention dominates in adulthood \#\#\# Slide 3 - Nonpharmacologic Treatment 7\. \*\*Which nonpharmacologic treatment has been approved for children with ADHD?\*\* \- A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) \- B) Behavioral modification \- C) EndeavorRx, a game-based device \- D) Family therapy \*\*Answer\*\*: C) EndeavorRx, a game-based device 8\. \*\*Which treatment is beneficial for adults with ADHD but not as effective as stimulants?\*\* \- A) Behavioral modification \- B) Family education \- C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) \- D) EndeavorRx \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 9\. \*\*What is a key component of ADHD nonpharmacologic treatment?\*\* \- A) Limiting physical activity \- B) Patient and family education \- C) Discontinuing stimulant medications \- D) No need for behavioral interventions \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Patient and family education \#\#\# Slide 4 - Stimulant Therapy 10\. \*\*What is the recommended first-line treatment for ADHD in children aged 6-18 years?\*\* \- A) Atomoxetine \- B) Guanfacine \- C) Stimulant medications \- D) Clonidine \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Stimulant medications 11\. \*\*What is the second-line treatment for ADHD if stimulants fail?\*\* \- A) Clonidine \- B) Atomoxetine \- C) Guanfacine \- D) Behavioral therapy \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Atomoxetine 12\. \*\*Which age group should begin ADHD treatment with behavioral therapy rather than medication?\*\* \- A) 4-5 years old \- B) 6-8 years old \- C) 9-12 years old \- D) 13-18 years old \*\*Answer\*\*: A) 4-5 years old \#\#\# Slide 5 - Stimulant Therapy: Drug Interactions 13\. \*\*Which class of drugs should not be used with stimulants due to the risk of hypertensive crisis?\*\* \- A) Antidepressants \- B) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) \- C) Beta-blockers \- D) Antihistamines \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 14\. \*\*What serious adverse effect can occur if methylphenidate is combined with clonidine?\*\* \- A) Seizures \- B) Increased cardiovascular effects \- C) Hypotension \- D) Increased risk of infection \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Increased cardiovascular effects 15\. \*\*What is the required washout period when switching between stimulants and MAOIs?\*\* \- A) 3 days \- B) 7 days \- C) 10 days \- D) 14 days \*\*Answer\*\*: D) 14 days \#\#\# Slide 6 - Atomoxetine 16\. \*\*What is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine (Strattera)?\*\* \- A) Inhibits dopamine reuptake \- B) Inhibits norepinephrine reuptake \- C) Inhibits serotonin reuptake \- D) Inhibits acetylcholine release \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Inhibits norepinephrine reuptake 17\. \*\*What is a potential adverse effect of atomoxetine?\*\* \- A) Hepatotoxicity \- B) Hyperactivity \- C) Weight gain \- D) Hyperglycemia \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Hepatotoxicity 18\. \*\*How long does it take for atomoxetine to reach full efficacy?\*\* \- A) 1-2 days \- B) 1 week \- C) 2 weeks \- D) 4 weeks \*\*Answer\*\*: D) 4 weeks Let me know if you\'d like additional questions from the remaining slides! \#\#\# Slide 6 - Clonidine and Guanfacine (Alpha-2 Agonists): 1\. \*\*What is the primary mechanism of action of clonidine and guanfacine in treating ADHD?\*\* \- A) Inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake \- B) Stimulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors \- C) Inhibition of dopamine release \- D) Enhancement of serotonin release \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Stimulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a common side effect of clonidine?\*\* \- A) Hypertension \- B) Hypotension \- C) Increased appetite \- D) Insomnia \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hypotension 3\. \*\*What is a key difference between clonidine and guanfacine in their use for ADHD?\*\* \- A) Clonidine is longer-acting than guanfacine \- B) Guanfacine is less sedating than clonidine \- C) Clonidine is primarily used for treating anxiety \- D) Guanfacine is more commonly used for sleep disorders \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Guanfacine is less sedating than clonidine \#\#\# Slide 7 - Alpha-2 Agonists: Side Effects and Use: 4\. \*\*What is a common adverse effect seen with alpha-2 agonists in ADHD treatment?\*\* \- A) Increased energy \- B) Drowsiness \- C) Weight gain \- D) Seizures \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Drowsiness 5\. \*\*Which of the following is a potential complication of abruptly discontinuing clonidine?\*\* \- A) Hyperactivity \- B) Hypertensive crisis \- C) Bradycardia \- D) Weight loss \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hypertensive crisis 6\. \*\*Which alpha-2 agonist is FDA-approved for both ADHD and hypertension?\*\* \- A) Clonidine \- B) Atomoxetine \- C) Guanfacine \- D) Methylphenidate \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Clonidine \#\#\# Slide 8 - Non-Stimulant Medications: 7\. \*\*Which non-stimulant medication is FDA-approved for ADHD?\*\* \- A) Atomoxetine \- B) Diazepam \- C) Methylphenidate \- D) Clonidine \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Atomoxetine 8\. \*\*What is an advantage of using atomoxetine over stimulants for ADHD treatment?\*\* \- A) Faster onset of action \- B) Lower risk of abuse \- C) Increased efficacy \- D) Reduced need for regular monitoring \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Lower risk of abuse 9\. \*\*How long does atomoxetine typically take to show its full therapeutic effects?\*\* \- A) 2-3 days \- B) 1 week \- C) 2 weeks \- D) 4-6 weeks \*\*Answer\*\*: D) 4-6 weeks \#\#\# Slide 9 - Atomoxetine Adverse Effects: 10\. \*\*What is a serious potential side effect of atomoxetine that requires monitoring?\*\* \- A) Hepatotoxicity \- B) Renal failure \- C) Cardiovascular collapse \- D) Nephrotoxicity \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Hepatotoxicity 11\. \*\*Which adverse effect is more common in children taking atomoxetine?\*\* \- A) Seizures \- B) Fatigue \- C) Weight gain \- D) GI upset \*\*Answer\*\*: D) GI upset 12\. \*\*What should be monitored regularly in patients on atomoxetine?\*\* \- A) Blood glucose levels \- B) Liver function tests \- C) Complete blood count \- D) Serum creatinine \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Liver function tests \#\#\# Slide 10 - Combination Therapy: 13\. \*\*When is combination therapy used in ADHD treatment?\*\* \- A) When a single drug is effective but causes weight gain \- B) When one drug does not adequately control symptoms \- C) To minimize drug dependence \- D) To avoid side effects of stimulants \*\*Answer\*\*: B) When one drug does not adequately control symptoms 14\. \*\*Which two classes of drugs are commonly combined in ADHD therapy?\*\* \- A) Stimulants and alpha-2 agonists \- B) Stimulants and benzodiazepines \- C) Stimulants and antidepressants \- D) Stimulants and antipsychotics \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Stimulants and alpha-2 agonists 15\. \*\*What is the main goal of using combination therapy for ADHD?\*\* \- A) To reduce the cost of medications \- B) To enhance efficacy and manage side effects \- C) To shorten treatment duration \- D) To eliminate the need for behavioral therapy \*\*Answer\*\*: B) To enhance efficacy and manage side effects Let me know if you\'d like more questions from the remaining slides 11 through 23! \#\#\# Slide 11 - Non-stimulants (Atomoxetine) 1\. \*\*Which of the following non-stimulant medications is approved for the treatment of ADHD?\*\* \- A) Fluoxetine \- B) Atomoxetine \- C) Venlafaxine \- D) Diazepam \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Atomoxetine 2\. \*\*What is a common adverse effect of atomoxetine?\*\* \- A) Hepatotoxicity \- B) Weight gain \- C) Tachycardia \- D) Seizures \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Hepatotoxicity 3\. \*\*How long does it typically take for atomoxetine to show its therapeutic effects?\*\* \- A) 1 week \- B) 2 days \- C) 4-6 weeks \- D) 3 months \*\*Answer\*\*: C) 4-6 weeks \#\#\# Slide 12 - Non-Stimulant Therapy 4\. \*\*Which non-stimulant medication is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for ADHD?\*\* \- A) Clonidine \- B) Guanfacine \- C) Atomoxetine \- D) Methylphenidate \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Atomoxetine 5\. \*\*Why might atomoxetine be preferred over stimulants in some ADHD patients?\*\* \- A) Faster onset of action \- B) Lower risk of abuse and dependence \- C) Better efficacy in all age groups \- D) No monitoring required \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Lower risk of abuse and dependence 6\. \*\*What monitoring is recommended with atomoxetine use?\*\* \- A) Renal function \- B) Cardiac function \- C) Liver function \- D) Pulmonary function \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Liver function \#\#\# Slide 13 - Alpha-2 Agonists 7\. \*\*Clonidine and guanfacine are alpha-2 agonists primarily used to treat which symptoms of ADHD?\*\* \- A) Hyperactivity and impulsivity \- B) Inattention and mood changes \- C) Cognitive impairment \- D) Sleep disturbances \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Hyperactivity and impulsivity 8\. \*\*What is a common side effect associated with alpha-2 agonists like clonidine?\*\* \- A) Weight gain \- B) Hypertension \- C) Sedation \- D) Hyperactivity \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Sedation 9\. \*\*Why are alpha-2 agonists like guanfacine and clonidine often used in combination with stimulants?\*\* \- A) To enhance the effect of inattention symptoms \- B) To reduce hyperactivity symptoms and provide sedative benefits \- C) To increase alertness \- D) To minimize side effects of the stimulant \*\*Answer\*\*: B) To reduce hyperactivity symptoms and provide sedative benefits \#\#\# Slide 14 - Bupropion 10\. \*\*Bupropion, used off-label for ADHD, primarily affects which neurotransmitter system?\*\* \- A) Dopamine and norepinephrine \- B) Serotonin and acetylcholine \- C) GABA and glutamate \- D) Histamine and serotonin \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Dopamine and norepinephrine 11\. \*\*What is a significant contraindication for bupropion use?\*\* \- A) Seizure disorders \- B) ADHD combined type \- C) Weight gain \- D) Sleep disturbances \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Seizure disorders 12\. \*\*Which of the following side effects is more commonly associated with bupropion in ADHD treatment?\*\* \- A) Sleep improvement \- B) Insomnia \- C) Increased appetite \- D) Sedation \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Insomnia \#\#\# Slide 15 - Viloxazine (Qelbree) 13\. \*\*What is the mechanism of action of viloxazine, a new non-stimulant ADHD medication?\*\* \- A) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibition \- B) Dopamine reuptake inhibition \- C) GABA agonist \- D) Serotonin receptor antagonist \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibition 14\. \*\*For which age group is viloxazine approved in ADHD treatment?\*\* \- A) 2 years and older \- B) 6 years and older \- C) 10 years and older \- D) 12 years and older \*\*Answer\*\*: B) 6 years and older 15\. \*\*What is a potential adverse effect of viloxazine?\*\* \- A) Increased blood pressure and heart rate \- B) Weight gain \- C) Hypotension \- D) Hyperactivity \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Increased blood pressure and heart rate \#\#\# Slide 16 - Stimulants: Abuse and Dependence 1\. \*\*What is a common adverse effect of stimulant abuse?\*\* \- A) Increased appetite \- B) Sleepiness \- C) Tremors and cardiac arrhythmias \- D) Sedation \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Tremors and cardiac arrhythmias 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a sign of stimulant withdrawal?\*\* \- A) Decreased appetite \- B) Excessive energy \- C) Mental depression and lethargy \- D) Increased alertness \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Mental depression and lethargy 3\. \*\*Which neurotransmitters are primarily affected by stimulant drugs like amphetamines?\*\* \- A) Serotonin and acetylcholine \- B) Dopamine and norepinephrine \- C) Glutamate and GABA \- D) Histamine and serotonin \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Dopamine and norepinephrine \#\#\# Slide 17 - Stimulants: Treatment of Overdose 4\. \*\*What is the recommended treatment for stimulant overdose?\*\* \- A) Flumazenil \- B) Supportive care and control of seizures \- C) Naloxone \- D) Immediate dialysis \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Supportive care and control of seizures 5\. \*\*What cardiovascular complication is most commonly associated with stimulant overdose?\*\* \- A) Bradycardia \- B) Hypertensive crisis \- C) Heart failure \- D) Hypotension \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hypertensive crisis 6\. \*\*Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of stimulant overdose?\*\* \- A) Hyperreflexia \- B) Hyperthermia \- C) Bradycardia \- D) Seizures \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Bradycardia \#\#\# Slide 18 - Cocaine Abuse and Effects 7\. \*\*What is the primary action of cocaine on neurotransmitters?\*\* \- A) Inhibition of serotonin reuptake \- B) Inhibition of dopamine reuptake \- C) Inhibition of norepinephrine release \- D) Enhancement of GABA transmission \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Inhibition of dopamine reuptake 8\. \*\*Which of the following is a potential complication of chronic cocaine abuse?\*\* \- A) Cerebral hemorrhage \- B) Hypothermia \- C) Hyperactivity \- D) Weight gain \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Cerebral hemorrhage 9\. \*\*What is a distinguishing feature of cocaine withdrawal?\*\* \- A) Excessive energy \- B) Severe mood depression \- C) Increased appetite \- D) Increased mental alertness \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Severe mood depression \#\#\# Slide 19 - Amphetamines: Abuse and Overdose 10\. \*\*What is a common psychiatric symptom of chronic amphetamine abuse?\*\* \- A) Panic attacks \- B) Hallucinations and paranoia \- C) Generalized anxiety disorder \- D) Major depressive episodes \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hallucinations and paranoia 11\. \*\*What are the characteristic signs of amphetamine overdose?\*\* \- A) Hypertension, tachycardia, seizures \- B) Hypotension, bradycardia, sedation \- C) Fever, chills, bradycardia \- D) Hyperactivity, increased appetite, and drowsiness \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Hypertension, tachycardia, seizures 12\. \*\*What is the treatment for severe amphetamine toxicity?\*\* \- A) Dialysis \- B) Activated charcoal \- C) Supportive care, controlling hyperthermia, and seizures \- D) Immediate administration of antidote \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Supportive care, controlling hyperthermia, and seizures \#\#\# Slide 20 - Withdrawal Symptoms from Stimulants 13\. \*\*Which of the following symptoms is typical during stimulant withdrawal?\*\* \- A) Increased mental alertness \- B) Agitation and hyperactivity \- C) Excessive sleep and mental depression \- D) Increased appetite and energy \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Excessive sleep and mental depression 14\. \*\*What is the recommended management for stimulant withdrawal?\*\* \- A) Administering stimulants in lower doses \- B) Psychosocial support and symptomatic management \- C) Rapid detoxification and antipsychotics \- D) Immediate use of benzodiazepines \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Psychosocial support and symptomatic management 15\. \*\*Which of the following is a key feature of stimulant tolerance?\*\* \- A) Increased sedation with repeated doses \- B) Decreased need for higher doses \- C) Requirement for progressively higher doses to achieve the same effect \- D) Development of resistance to all drugs \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Requirement for progressively higher doses to achieve the same effect \#\#\# Slide 21 - Drugs Commonly Abused: Amphetamines 1\. \*\*Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in amphetamine overdose?\*\* \- A) Bradycardia \- B) Tachycardia and hyperthermia \- C) Hypotension \- D) Weight gain \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Tachycardia and hyperthermia 2\. \*\*What is the primary neurotransmitter affected by amphetamines?\*\* \- A) Serotonin \- B) GABA \- C) Dopamine \- D) Acetylcholine \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Dopamine 3\. \*\*What is a common withdrawal symptom from chronic amphetamine use?\*\* \- A) Increased energy \- B) Sleepiness and mental depression \- C) Decreased appetite \- D) Hyperactivity \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Sleepiness and mental depression \#\#\# Slide 22 - Drugs Commonly Abused: Cocaine 4\. \*\*Cocaine primarily inhibits the reuptake of which neurotransmitters?\*\* \- A) Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine \- B) GABA and acetylcholine \- C) Dopamine and glutamate \- D) Serotonin and acetylcholine \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine 5\. \*\*What is a frequent cause of fatality in cocaine overdose?\*\* \- A) Bradycardia \- B) Respiratory depression and arrhythmias \- C) Seizures \- D) Hypoglycemia \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Respiratory depression and arrhythmias 6\. \*\*Which of the following is a withdrawal symptom commonly associated with cocaine abuse?\*\* \- A) Insomnia \- B) Severe mood depression \- C) Hyperactivity \- D) Increased mental alertness \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Severe mood depression \#\#\# Slide 23 - Drugs Commonly Abused: Nicotine and Caffeine 7\. \*\*What is a primary mechanism of action for nicotine?\*\* \- A) Stimulation of dopamine and norepinephrine release \- B) Inhibition of serotonin reuptake \- C) Activation of GABA receptors \- D) Inhibition of acetylcholine receptors \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Stimulation of dopamine and norepinephrine release 8\. \*\*Which of the following symptoms is associated with caffeine withdrawal?\*\* \- A) Euphoria \- B) Fatigue and headache \- C) Increased energy \- D) Increased alertness \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Fatigue and headache 9\. \*\*What is a common adverse effect of nicotine toxicity?\*\* \- A) Hypotension \- B) Respiratory paralysis \- C) Seizures \- D) Weight gain \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Respiratory paralysis