701 Study Guide Week 5 - Pharmacology & Addiction PDF

**Week 5 Study Guide** - List 5 facts about ADHD in the adult population including preferred drug treatment. - Compare and contrast these terms: drug addiction, tolerance, withdrawal syndrome. - Give examples of major drugs/drug classes in each of the \"Schedule\" (I-V) categori...

**Week 5 Study Guide** - List 5 facts about ADHD in the adult population including preferred drug treatment. - Compare and contrast these terms: drug addiction, tolerance, withdrawal syndrome. - Give examples of major drugs/drug classes in each of the \"Schedule\" (I-V) categories. - List 3 treatments for alcohol use disorder. When is each used and what are two facts about each of these treatments? - What class of medication is most useful in acute withdrawal syndrome? - List 5 facts about disulfiram (Antabuse). - How do we determine which strength nicotine patch should be utilized to initiate smoking cessation therapy? - List 4 facts about Bupropion in relation to tobacco use disorder. - Compare and contrast how Methadone, Suboxone and Naltrexone work. - List 3 street drugs and provide two facts about each. Is a DEA license required to prescribe Naltrexone? What are other considerations when p Week 5 Study Guide - Completed ====================================================================================================================== 1. List 5 facts about ADHD in the adult population, including preferred drug treatment. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1\. ADHD affects approximately 8 million adults in the U.S., but up to 90% remain undiagnosed and untreated.\ 2. Adults with ADHD are at a higher risk of job loss, divorce, and driving accidents.\ 3. Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed stimulant for adult ADHD.\ 4. About 33% of adults cannot tolerate stimulant side effects and may require non-stimulant treatment options like Atomoxetine.\ 5. A combination of behavioral therapy and medication is more effective than medication alone. Up to 90% of adults with ADHD are untreated and undiagnosed. 2. Compare and contrast these terms: drug addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal syndrome. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \*\*Drug Addiction:\*\* A chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior despite harmful consequences.\ \*\*Tolerance:\*\* A physiological response where increasing doses of a drug are needed to achieve the same effect.\ \*\*Withdrawal Syndrome\*\* A set of symptoms that occur when drug use is abruptly discontinued, varying based on the substance used. Physical dependence: abstinence syndrome will occur if the drug is discontinued. 3. Give examples of major drugs/drug classes in each of the \"Schedule\" (I-V) categories. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \*\*Schedule I:\*\* High abuse potential, no medical use (e.g., Heroin, LSD, MDMA).\ \*\*Schedule II:\*\* High abuse potential but with medical use (e.g., Methadone, Oxycodone, Cocaine for local anesthesia).\ \*\*Schedule III:\*\* Moderate abuse potential (e.g., Buprenorphine, Anabolic steroids).\ \*\*Schedule IV:\*\* Low abuse potential (e.g., Benzodiazepines, Modafinil).\ \*\*Schedule V:\*\* Lowest abuse potential (e.g., Cough preparations with low doses of codeine). 4. List 3 treatments for alcohol use disorder. When is each used and what are two facts about each of these treatments? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \*\*Naltrexone:\*\*: Used to reduce cravings and heavy drinking. It is available as oral or extended-release injection and does not cause disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol.\ \*\*Acamprosate:\*\* Used post-detox to maintain abstinence by restoring neurotransmitter balance. It requires three-times-daily dosing and is moderately effective.\ \*\*Disulfiram:\*\*: Used for highly motivated patients as aversion therapy. It irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, making alcohol consumption result in severe illness. 5. What class of medication is most useful in acute withdrawal syndrome? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Benzodiazepines are the most effective for managing withdrawal symptoms, particularly in alcohol withdrawal syndrome, as they help stabilize vital signs and reduce symptom intensity. 6. List 5 facts about disulfiram (Antabuse). -------------------------------------------- 1\. It disrupts alcohol metabolism by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing severe illness upon alcohol consumption.\ 2. It remains in the system for up to two weeks after discontinuation.\ 3. It has low adherence rates as patients may stop taking it in anticipation of drinking.\ 4. It is not a first-line treatment for alcohol use disorder.\ 5. Patients must avoid alcohol-containing products like mouthwash. 6\. Mainly works on highly motivated patients. 7. How do we determine which strength nicotine patch should be utilized to initiate smoking cessation therapy? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nicotine patch strength is based on the number of cigarettes smoked daily. Higher doses of 10 or more cigarettes (e.g., 21 mg) are recommended for heavy smokers, while lower doses of fewer than 10 cigarettes (e.g., 7-14 mg) are used for those who smoke fewer cigarettes. 8. List 4 facts about Bupropion in relation to tobacco use disorder. -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1\. It is an atypical antidepressant that helps reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. The first nicotine drug FDA approved.\ 2. It doubles the success rate of smoking cessation compared to a placebo.\ 3. It is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures or eating disorders.\ 4. It can be combined with nicotine replacement therapy for better results. 5\. structurally like amphetamine and causes CNS stimulation and suppresses appetite. 6\. Reduces the urge to smoke and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. 7\. Antidepressant properties can also help with the irritability and anxiety related to nicotine stoppage. 9. Compare and contrast how Methadone, Suboxone, and Naltrexone work. --------------------------------------------------------------------- \*\*Methadone:\*\* A full opioid agonist used for opioid maintenance therapy, requiring strict regulation due to abuse potential. Schedule II, must receive dose from methadone clinic, most of the time daily or every couple days. Has overdose potential. Most beneficial for patients taking a large amount of street drugs.\ \*\*Suboxone (Buprenorphine + Naloxone) \*\*: A partial agonist with a ceiling effect to reduce abuse risk, available in various formulations.\ \*\*Naltrexone\*\*: A full opioid antagonist requiring detox before initiation; it reduces cravings but does not relieve withdrawal symptoms. Taken in the form of extended release suppression mouthily. Not controlled substances make prescribing easier. The concern for LAI is that if the patient is non-compliant, they will return to the previous opioid dose, which can be fatal as their tolerance has decreased over the past 28 days. Patients on this drug will need to get regional pain management. 10. List 3 street drugs and provide two facts about each. --------------------------------------------------------- \*\*Cocaine:\*\* Can cause acute toxicity with convulsions and arrhythmias; chronic use leads to nasal septum perforation.\ \*\*Methamphetamine:\*\* Increases dopamine release, leading to intense euphoria; long-term use results in severe dental and cognitive damage.\ \*\*MDMA (Ecstasy):\*\* Induces euphoria but can cause irreversible brain damage; increases heart rate and blood pressure. 11. Is a DEA license required to prescribe Naltrexone? What are other considerations when prescribing this medication? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No, a DEA license is not required to prescribe Naltrexone as it is not a controlled substance. However, before initiation, patients must be opioid-free to avoid withdrawal, and adherence monitoring is essential due to the risk of relapse.