Module 1 Study Guide PDF

MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE PHILOSOPHY- The etymological definition; Philosophy came from two Greek words namely : “Philos” which means “Love” “Sophia” which means “Wisdom” As it was defined etymologically, practically means the “Lover of Wisdom” because Philosophy aims to seek wisdom by studying ju...

MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE PHILOSOPHY- The etymological definition; Philosophy came from two Greek words namely : “Philos” which means “Love” “Sophia” which means “Wisdom” As it was defined etymologically, practically means the “Lover of Wisdom” because Philosophy aims to seek wisdom by studying just about anything that is worth the time and effort. Philosophy is more like an act that is to be experienced rather than a theoretical field that one questions and tinker upon. As said by Philippine Philosopher Roque Ferriols… Taking philosophy as it is commonly understood in academic circles, the Philippines does not have a tradition of philosophy. However, as in all human beings, there is an experience of self within the horizon of reality and the urge to understand and to shape this experience. As said by Philippine Philosopher Roque Ferriols… This can be called the drive towards wisdom. It comes from an innate desire to discover and to create meaning. It is never ending. It is helped by dialogue with outside influences, with other cultures and peoples. Apart from its etymological definition, Philosophy can also be understood as “The study of everything according to its ultimate explanation in the light of reason” as Philosophy seeks to understand and to question. Apart from its etymological definition, Philosophy can also be understood as “The study of everything according to its ultimate explanation in the light of reason” as Philosophy seeks to understand and to question. 1. Philosophy integrates itself with other disciplines to achieve a comprehensive and coherent world view. ✓ Philosophy as a discipline is encompassing. It never confines itself to a portion of human experiences or to a certain aspect of human phenomenon. ✓ Philosophy enables a person to understand the various intricacies of all disciplines and paves the way for his/her understanding of reality. 2. Philosophy analyzes the very foundations of other disciplines. ✓ Philosophy concerns itself with the roots of disciplines such as art, science, and even religion. It explores and examines all their underpinnings. 3. Philosophy analyzes treasured beliefs and traditions. ✓ Philosophy is always on the lookout in putting things to their proper perspectives. It always has this gift of logical consistencies and traditions. It weeds out all of the insignificant traces of inconsistency, superstition, and irrationality. Core Branches of Philosophy 1. Metaphysics Derived from the Greek word “metaphysika” (Beyond physics) ✓ It deals with the true nature of reality ✓ Asks the question What is? ✓ Generally speaking, Metaphysics is the study of being, or also known as ontology 2. Epistemology Derived from the Greek word “EPISTEME” (KNOWLEDGE) and “LOGOS” (TO STUDY) ✓ It investigates the acquisition of knowledge. ✓ It deals with the process by which people are led to know that something is true. 3. Ethics Derived from the Greek word “ETHOS” (CUSTOM) or (HABIT) ✓ Its main aim is to synthesize the concepts of right and wrong behavior ✓ It deals with the process by which people are led to know what is right and what is wrong. 4. Aesthetics Derived from the Greek word “AISTHETIKOS” (OF SENSE PERCEPTION) ✓ It deals with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and good taste. ✓ Human judgement of aesthetic is not only anchored in one’s ability to criticize and appreciate art using senses perception. ✓ One’s judgement on what is beautiful transcends beyond sensory level, and includes both emotional and intellectual aspects. Ancient Greek Philosophy Development of Philosophy There are 3 probable reasons why ancient Philosophy flourished in Greece. 1. There was no priestly class of censors (because of ritual prescriptions) 2. The Greek’s imagination contributed to their way of thinking. (think of the poems, epics, and myths) 3. The Greeks were aware of change; sensitivity to change makes us pessimistic but it also allows us to look for explanations.