HSDH2120 Head & Neck Anatomy PDF
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Uploaded by BestPerformingNobelium6708
University of Doha for Science and Technology
2024
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Dr. Jafar Alabdullah
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Summary
These notes cover the anatomy of the head and neck, specifically focusing on the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands. Objectives for each section are included, along with learning resources such as textbooks and chapters.
Full Transcript
HSDH2120 Head & Neck Anatomy Lesson#9: Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Salivary Glands Objectives: 9.1- 9.6, 10.1- 10.4 Week 10. Fall 2024 Dr. Jafar Alabdullah 1 9.0 Nasal Cavity and the Paranasal Si...
HSDH2120 Head & Neck Anatomy Lesson#9: Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Salivary Glands Objectives: 9.1- 9.6, 10.1- 10.4 Week 10. Fall 2024 Dr. Jafar Alabdullah 1 9.0 Nasal Cavity and the Paranasal Sinuses Learning Objectives: Objective 9.0 Nasal Cavity and the Paranasal Sinuses 9.1 Name the structures and boundaries of the nasal cavity 9.2 Identify the location of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses 9.3 Describe the location of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses 9.4 Describe the functional relationship of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses 9.5 Name bones associated with the paranasal sinuses 9.6 Describe the relationship between the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth 2 Objective 10.0 Salivary Glands 10.1 Describe the location of the major and minor salivary glands 10.2 Describe Types, compositions and functions of different types of Saliva 10.3 Differentiate the type of saliva produced from the various salivary glands 10.4 Define the following terms 10.4.1 Antisialogogue 10.4.2 Sialogogue 10.4.3 Xerostomia 10.4.4 Ropy Saliva 3 Learning resources Illustrated anatomy of the head and neck text book, Chapter 3: skeletal system P. 64- 68 Anatomy of the orofacial structures, 7th ed., chapter 27: p. 332- 337 Illustrated anatomy of the head and neck text book, Chapter 7: Glandular Tissues P. 154- 158 Mosby’s Dental Hygiene Concepts, Cases, and Competencies, Chapter 43: P. 810-814 4 Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity Superior Boundaries 1. Nasal bones 2. Nasal part of frontal bone 3. Cribriform plate (ethmoid bone) 5 Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity Lateral Boundaries 1. Frontal process of maxillary bone 2. Perpendicular plate of palatine bone 3. Nasal part of lacrimal bone C A 4. Medial plate of pterygoid process B 5. Bone of inferior nasal concha D E 6 Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity Medial Boundaries 1. Cartilaginous part - Septal cartilage 2. Bony part - Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone & Vomer 7 Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity Medial Boundaries 8 Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity Inferior Boundaries 1. Horizontal plate of palatine bone 2. Palatine process of maxilla 9 Nose & Nasal Cavity External View The external nose is that portion of the nasal complex that protrudes outward from the skeletal component 10 Nose & Nasal Cavity External View It is attached superiorly to the nasal bones and inferiorly to the anterior nasal spine Each protruding lateral margin is known individually as a wing of the nose or the ala 11 Nose & Nasal Cavity External View The external nose is divided into half by the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum, which is the wall that divides the nasal complex into right and left halves 12 Nose & Nasal Cavity Internal View Peering inside the nasal cavity, you can see the following: 1. Nasal septum 2. Nasal conchae that are nasal shelves found on the lateral wall 3. Cribrifom plate 4. Floor of the nasal cavity 13 I- Nasal Septum Formed by: 1. Vomer bone 2. Portion of the ethmoid bone 3. Cartilaginous part of the septum 14 II- Roof of the nasal cavity Has small holes that open into the anterior cranial fossa through the cribrifom plate of the ethmoid bone to transmit the olfactory nerves (I) from the nose up to the brain 15 III- Floor of the Nasal Cavity Formed by the bones of the hard palate which are: 1. Palatal processes of the maxillae 2. Horizontal portions of the palatine bones 16 V- Posterior Part of the Nasal Cavity As you reach the posterior part of the nasal septum, you come to an area know a the choana, or posterior nasal aperture Posterior to this is the nasopharynx 17 Paranasal Sinuses 18 Paranasal Sinuses The paranasal sinuses are paired, air-filled cavities in bone, which project laterally, superiorly, and posteriorly into surrounding bones. 19 Paranasal Sinuses The paransal sinuses are lined with mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavities. They include: 1. Frontal sinuses 2. Sphenoidal sinuses 3. Ethmoidal sinuses 4. Maxillary sinuses 20 Paranasal Sinuses I- Frontal Sinuses The paired frontal sinuses are located in the frontal bone just superior to the nasal cavity. 21 Paranasal Sinuses I- Frontal Sinuses Each frontal sinus communicates with and drains into the nasal cavity by the frontonasal duct. Standring S: Gray's Anatomy, ed 40, Edinburgh, 2009, Churchill Livingstone 22 Paranasal Sinuses II- Sphenoidal Sinuses The paired sphenoidal sinuses are located in the body of the sphenoid bone. 23 Paranasal Sinuses III- Ethmoidal Sinuses The ethmoidal sinuses or ethmoid air cells are a variable number of small cavities in the lateral mass of each of the ethmoid bones. 24 Paranasal Sinuses IV- Maxillary Sinuses The maxillary sinuses are paired paranasal sinuses located in each body of the maxillae, just posterior to the maxillary canine and premolars. 25 Imaging Maxillary Sinuses 26 Salivary Glands 27 Major Salivary Glands Classification of Salivary According to Size Minor Salivary Glands Glands Serous According to type Mucous of secretion Mixed 28 Serous Saliva Serous salivary secretion is composed of: Water Some enzymes (amylase and maltose) Salts Organic ion It is more watery than the mucous saliva 29 Mucous Saliva Mucous saliva secretion is composed of mucin, which is a lubricating material that aids in chewing, and digestion Mixed Secretions: is a combination between serous and mucous saliva 30 Major Salivary Glands The major salivary glands are large paired glands and have named ducts associated with them. The three major salivary glands include: 1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual glands. 31 Minor Salivary Glands The minor salivary glands are smaller than the larger major salivary glands but are more numerous in number. 32 Minor Salivary Glands: Location The minor salivary glands are scattered in the tissue of the buccal, labial, and lingual mucosa, the soft palate, the lateral parts of the hard palate, and the floor of the mouth. 33 Salivary Glands Dysfinction Xerostomia Certain medications, disease, or destruction of salivary tissue by radiation therapy may result in hyposalivation by the salivary glands, which is a reduced production of saliva. This can result in xerostomia (dry mouth). Xerostomia can result in increased trauma to a nonprotected oral mucosa, increased cervical caries, problems in speech and mastication, and bad breath (halitosis). 34