Lesson 5 - The Succeeding Expeditions and The Filipino Society under Spanish Colonization PDF

GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History The Succeeding Expeditions and The Filipino Society under Spanish Colonization Presented by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I  Lesson Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the students sho...

GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History The Succeeding Expeditions and The Filipino Society under Spanish Colonization Presented by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I  Lesson Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: discuss the succeeding expeditions carried out by the Spaniards; give critical point of view on the strategies of Spaniards in conquering our country; explain the changes brought by the Spanish colonial regime on the political, economic and socio-cultural; and evaluate the importance of education, the concept of social justice and the values of compassion and love of freedom.  GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History The Succeeding Expeditions  Failed Expeditions Garcia Jofre de Loisa (1525) Sebastian Cabot (1526) Alvaro de Saavedra (1527)  Failed Expeditions Financial problems “Zaragosa Agreement of 1529” King Charles I was compelled to sell to Portugal his country’s rights to the Moluccas.  Villalobos Expedition 1542 Aims: 1) to establish a permanent settlement in the islands; 2) spread Christianity; Ruy Lopez de Villalobos 3) trade with the natives; and 4) observe the lives and civilization of the natives.  Villalobos Expedition Samar and Leyte “Las Islas Filipinas” Ruy Lopez de Villalobos Prince Philip  Legazpi Expedition Aims: 1) to establish a permanent settlement in the Philippines that will be used for the spice trade. King Philip II Legazpi Expedition Miguel Lopez de Legazpi He led the expedition that sailed from Mexico in 1564. Legazpi Expedition Fray Andres de Urdaneta A priest and one of the survivors of the failed Loisa expedition in 1525.  Legazpi Expedition February 13, 1565 The expedition reached Cebu. Raja Tupas  Legazpi Expedition Legazpi sailed to Bohol. Raja Sikatuna Raja Sigala  Legazpi Expedition Raja Tupas Legazpi Expedition Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565. “Santisimo Nombre de Jesus” Oldest city in the Philippines.  Legazpi Expedition Martin de Goiti He found the kingdom of Manila or Kota Seludong.  Legazpi Expedition Martin de Goiti Rajah Sulayman  Legazpi Expedition The Invasion of Manila Martin de Goiti Rajah Sulayman  Legazpi Expedition The Invasion of Manila June 24, 1571 Legazpi appointed Manila the capital of the Philippines. “Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad” 2nd oldest city in the Philippines.  Treaty with the Maharlikas Following conditions: I. The Maharlika would maintain their status; II. The Spanish would recognize their rights; III. They were exempted in the Polo y Servicios; IV. They would maintain their properties and their land; V. Datus would receive monthly salaries.  GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History The Filipino Society under Spanish Colonization Presented by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I Policies Under Spanish Colonization POLO Y SERVICIO POLO Forced laborY SERVICIO Falla Male o Payment to be 16 y/o – 60 y/o exempted in forced labor. Policies Under Spanish Colonization POLO Y SERVICIO Polistas Forced labor Falla Male o Payment to be 16 y/o – 60 y/o exempted in forced labor. Policies Under Spanish Colonization ENCONMIENDA SYSTEM Encomienda system is one of the reasons why our country is suffering.  Policies Under Spanish Colonization ENCONMIENDA SYSTEM System of land owning during the time of the Spaniards. ENCOMENDERO Land owner  Policies Under Spanish Colonization ENCONMIENDA ROYAL The land was given to the loyal friend of the King. ENCONMIENDA PRIVADO The land was given to those people who contributed a lot to the colonization of the Philippines. ENCONMIENDA ECCLESIASTICAL The land would go to church. Policies Under Spanish Colonization 1800 The Centralized Government KING VICEROY GOVERNOR-GENERAL ENCOMENDERO Policies Under Spanish Colonization 1800 ENCONMIENDA SYSTEM HACIENDA Policies Under Spanish Colonization REDUCCION A resettlement used by the Spaniards to connect Filipino to have one colonial government and one faith.  Policies Under Spanish Colonization REDUCCION  Policies Under Spanish Colonization REDUCCION Policies Under Spanish Colonization REDUCCION is the reason why we have the concept of a center or cabecera. capital  Policies Under Spanish Colonization CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT o Unitary government Mexico – center of Spanish government. Viceroy appointment of Governor-General  CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT KING (Judiciary, legislator) (Spanish Empire) SPANIARDS COUNCIL OF INDIES (legislator) (Spanish Colonies) GOVERNOR GENERAL (Judiciary, legislator) (Philippine- Province of Empire) ENCOMENDERRO (later Alcalde Mayor) (Municipality, Encomienda) INDIOS GOBERNADORCILLO (Pueblo or Town) CABEZA DE BARANGAY (Barangay)  CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT The Barangay Datu was assigned as the barangay head or the Cabeza de Barangay. Each barangay was composed of several Sitios and the sitio was composed of not more than 10 families. The main function of the Cabeza was to collect tributes from the community and in return they would be exempted to Polo Y Servicios. They specified the limited number of the families in each barangay to manage them efficiently; they only assigned 40 to 45 families in each barangay.  CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT The Pueblo or Town Each pueblo has the gobernadorcillo as their chief and he was assisted by four lower officials such as the following: 1) Teniente mayor or town deputy. 2) Juez de Policia who was in charge of the peace and order. 3) Juez de Sementeras who was in charge of the lands and crops. 4) Juez de ganados who was in charge of livestock and the butchering of animals for sale.  CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT The Alcaldía or Province The Alcalde Mayor was a high-ranking government official during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. This official was in charge of the provinces, known as "alcaldías," Responsible for overseeing the administration of the area under Spanish colonial rule. Held significant authority and had various duties, serving as both a governor and a judge within the province.  CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT The Philippine Government The head of the country was the Governor General who had the executive, judicial, and military powers. He needed to implement laws created by the Consejo de Indias and had the power of Cumplace or the power to choose the laws that he would implement in the country where he was assigned. He was the head of the Royal Audiencia or the Supreme Court and the head of the Council of Judges or Oidores.  CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT The Spanish Indirect Rule The Spanish ruled the Philippines indirectly, they ruled the country through the viceroy in Mexico and the Consejo de Indias or the Council of Indies. The Viceroy was the one who appointed the Governor General and the other higher officials and to be appointed they needed to pay fixed amount of money. Policies Under Spanish Colonization CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT Suffrage o Male o 23 y/o o A payment of 500 reales tax per year  Other policies Under Spanish Colonization TRIBUTO products that were forced to hand over BANDALA acquisition of certain goods at customs price CEDULA an identification card and residence tax 8 reales certificate that had to be carried at all times. male & female 18 y/o up SOCIAL CLASS the social structure that was hierarchical and based on a system of caste and race. Social Classes Peninsulares Insulares Creoles Illustrados Indio Sanleys  Notable Spanish Governor-Generals of the Philippines 1stGovernor-General in the Miguel Lopez de Legazpi Philippines Rafael Maria dela Torre longest serving (13 years) Carlos Maria dela Torre - most beloved - liberal leadership  Notable Spanish Governor-Generals of the Philippines Rafael de Izquierdo most hated Ramon Blanco declaration of Martial law in 8 Philippine provinces. Camilo de Polavieja execution of Rizal  Notable Spanish Governor-Generals of the Philippines Fernando Prim de Rivera Pact of Biak-na-Bato Jose Basco y Vargas most economic minded Diego de Los Rios - last governor-general - Treaty of Paris  Other Personalities Narciso Claveria Spanish surnames Sulltan Kudarat most prominent leader of Mindanao during the Spanish occupation.  Education System The friars controlled the colonial education system. religion-based curriculum  Education System The Dominican order established the oldest university in the country (1611). University of Sto. Tomas  Education System Colegio de San Juan de Orphaned boys Letran (1630) -built from donations of the Escuela Pia (1817) private sector -Ateneo de Manila  Education System Separate schools for women were established: Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589) Colegio de Santa Isabel (1632) Colegio de la Concordia (1868) Assumption Convent (1892)  Education System Primary Education Christian doctrines Training to read Spanish and Philippine languages. Secondary Education Study of religion Latin language  Education System Education policies and curriculum of the colonial power centered on teaching religion.  Education System Educational institutions were open only to Spanish children.  Education System After 1863, the government opened the universities to the natives.  Education System They used religion to enslave the people’s mind and hasten the subjugation of the natives.  Education System It also resulted to the rise of the native intelligentsia who would later lead the struggle for reforms.  GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History The Succeeding Expeditions and The Filipino Society under Spanish Colonization Presented by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I