Readings In Philippine History - Week 5 - Spanish Colonization PDF

READINGS IN PHILLIPINE HISTORY WEEK NO. 5  WEEK 5: SPANISH COLONIZATION POLITICAL SET UP ECONOMIC CHANGES OCIO-CULTURAL CHANGES  Assessment of Learning Outcomes: Analyses and synthesizes Learning: the effect of c...

READINGS IN PHILLIPINE HISTORY WEEK NO. 5  WEEK 5: SPANISH COLONIZATION POLITICAL SET UP ECONOMIC CHANGES OCIO-CULTURAL CHANGES  Assessment of Learning Outcomes: Analyses and synthesizes Learning: the effect of colonial rule 1. Assignments on the social, political, economic and religious life 2. Study guide of present day Filipinos. question 3. Discussion  POLITICAL SET UP GOVERNMENT CHURCH King of Spain Pope Viceroy of Mexico Governor General Archbishop Alcalde Bishop Mayor/Corregidor Gobernadorcillo Priest Cabeza de Barangay Parish priest POLITICAL SET UP Economic Institution Imposed by Spain Encomienda System Taxation Force Labor or the Poly Y Servicio The Galleon Trade  ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM This involved the land, the crops that can be found in it, and the people living on it. The encomienda system was an old practice in Spain wherein the King, in an effort to recognize the good deeds, services, and loyalty of his officers and men awarded a piece of land. Those who received the encomiendas were called encomienderos. FUNCTIONS OF ENCOMIENDERO Protect the people from any kind of attacks organized by armed groups. Take care of the general welfare of the people. Maintain peace and order within his encomienda. Help the Spanish missionaries spread the teachings of Christianity to the indigenous people. Collect taxes from the people living within his encomienda.  TAXATION : THE TRIBUTE It was officially introduced in 1570. Church tribute = sanctorum Filipinos between 16 to 60 years of age were entitled to be taxed in cash or in kind. Payment of taxes is tantamount to the impression that an individual recognized the power of the King of Spain. 1884-Tribute replace by cedulla tax = residence certificate  OTHER TAXES: Diezmos prediales – a kind of tax that was comprised of one-tenth of the produce of the land Donativo de Zamboanga – a kind of tax that was introduced in 1635 in order to invade Jolo, Sulu Vinta – a kind of tax that was paid by the people of Luzon  THE BANDALA SYSTEM The Filipinos became the vassals of Spain. This refers to the obligation of Filipino farmers to sell their products to the government at a minimum price. The abuses were reported to the King of Spain and it was eventually abolished in 1782 in order to avoid revolution from the Filipino farmers.  KASAMA SYSTEM Hacienda - Large land estates that were owned by the Spanish friars. Inquilino – group of people who took care of the friars’ haciendas poor relatives of the inquilinos tilled and cleaned the land  POLO Y SERVICIO It is a form of forced labor. Filipino men who were 16 to 60 years of age had the obligation to render community service in the span of 40 days. Polistas are men who underwent force labor. One could be exempted from polo by paying the falla.  GALLEON TRADE It is a desire to isolate the Philippines from the rest of the world. th th 16 -19 Century spain cut the trade relationship between the other countries and only China and Mexico are allowed as their trading partner. Trade between Manila and Acapulco THE GALLEON VESSEL  GALLEON TRADE The Spanish government authorities supervised and managed all its trade operations. High ranking officials of the State, Spanish friars, crew of the galleons were only allowed to engage in this trade. GALLEON TRADE In order to maximize profit, the King of Spain imposed monetary restrictions on trade. The Galleon Trade also served as a means of transportation of the following: ▪ Funds from the King of Spain ▪ Directive/orders of the King of Spain ▪ Spanish passengers such as friars, government officials, and travelers/tourists from Mexico and Spain.  BOLETA A ticket entitling an ordinary trader to engage in the galleon trade. A boleta was normally issued to the Governor-General, clergy, members of the Real/Royal Audiencia and their friends, and to the widows of Spanish officials. It can be sold to anyone at a higher price. Obras Pias are funds that came from the donations to the Church.  THE TOBACCO MONOPOLY It was established by Governor-General Basco on March 1, 1782. Its main purpose was to boost up the government’s revenues. Under this monopoly, the provinces like Cagayan Valley, Ilocos, Nueva Ecija, and Marinduque were mandated by the government to plant tobacco in their agricultural lands.  THE TOBACCO MONOPOLY This was successful in increasing government revenues. This also paved the way for the development of the tobacco industry in the Philippines. The reported abuses committed by the Spanish government officials led to its abolition in 1882 by Governor-General Primo de Rivera. ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE COUNTRY Sociedad Economic de Amigo del Pais It was established on May 6, 1781. Five sections ▪Factories and manufactures ▪Education ▪Natural history ▪Domestic and foreign commerce ▪Agriculture and rural economy  Royal Company of the Philippines Real Compaña de Filipinas It was established by Governor-General Basco in 1785 with a total capital amounting to P8,000,000. The main aim of this company was to establish direct trade relations with the Philippines to Spain and to develop the former’s natural resources. In accordance with the company’s charter, the Philippines was mandated to set aside four percent of its profits for agricultural development.  Opening of the Manila to foreign Trade Laisses faire or let alone policy by Adam Smith led to the opening of Manila to foreign trade The more Philippines port were established and open. SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL CHANGES  SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIO N  FAMILY LIFE Women are not allowed to participate in politics, no equal opportunities with men. Men control most of the family affairs.  SOCIAL CHANGES Conversion of Filipinos into Catholism Hispanization of Filipino Surnames Metamorphosis of Bahay Kubo into Bahay na Bato Indigenization of Spanish and Chinese Cuisine Change of mode of dressing Introduction to Spanish language Celebration of religious fiest, honoring patron saints.  CULTURAL CHANGES Introduction of the Latin Alphabet Art printing Appearance of Theocratic Literature Persistance of Folk and Colonial Art Introduction to Hispanic Music and Western Musical Instruments.  EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION University of Sto. Tomas founded by Dominicans in 1611 Only Spaniards and Meztizos were admitted in the various academic program offered in UST. Middle 19 century-wealthy Filipinos also allowed to attend in academic programs. Secondary schools for boys and girls were opened. th Public education opened in 19 century.  References: Aplaten, M.C. & Gavina. M.A.C.L. (2014). Philippine history. St. Andrew Publishing House. Bono, V & Caña M. (2020) Lecture Notes: The Spanish Period.ppt Corpuz R. M. and Wy, L. V. (2008). Time Travel: A Glimpse to Philippine History. Mindshapers Garcia, C.D. (2015). Philippine history and government for college students. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. nd Halili, M.C. N. (2010). Philippine History. 2 ed. Rex Book Store Ongsotto, R. R. (2005). The Study of the Philippine History. Rex Book Store