Lecture 1_Introduction_NN_2024.pdf

Material Ecology & Environmental Performance Tutor: Dr. Niyati Naik TA: Soundarya Madhav MAT, CEPT University MS2024 Material Ecology = ? Material Ecology = The study of relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment Envi...

Material Ecology & Environmental Performance Tutor: Dr. Niyati Naik TA: Soundarya Madhav MAT, CEPT University MS2024 Material Ecology = ? Material Ecology = The study of relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment Environmental Performance = ? Environmental Performance = The magnitude of ecological impacts of economic activities (production and consumption) in a given period and within a particular economic area (country, region, or a firm) What we are really attempting to do from this course is to teach you to be able to quantify the environmental performance of material applications  Lecture: Introduction  Through this course offering the instructor will focus on teaching the fundamentals on application of thermal and visual properties of materials to building envelope design to achieve optimized building and environmental performance. The fundamentals on passive building design will also be covered. Students will learn to quantify building and environmental performance using hand calculations and computational simulation tools. Course brief Why do you need to know about materials and their impacts on environmental performance? The building sector emitted more than a third of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) — a record 10 gigatonnes (Gt) — in 2019, as per the United Nations Environment Programme To aggressively reduce energy demand in the built environment, decarbonise the power sector and implement material strategies that reduce lifecycle carbon emissions. Info source: https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/energy-efficiency-strategies-high-performing-buildings-12846637 Image Source: https://www.construction21.org/articles/h/carbon-performance-a-necessary-complement-to-energy-performance-eu-buildings-policy-should-address-the-carbon-footprint-of-construction-says- bpie.html?__cf_chl_tk=4jC5QyXHawLY54AALWy1lYY0hABGFBcQToEcnwyY0h0-1656840233-0-gaNycGzNB5E It is the professional, ethical, and moral responsibility of an architect to ensure that a building that he/she designs should reduce or eliminate the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, he/she should ensure comfort and well-being of the occupants inside. This course is designed with the aim to teach the fundamentals of buildings sciences and skills to quantify building performance to the architecture students. It is expected that with this knowledge they will be able to make design decisions that are not only aesthetically appealing but also environmentally responsible. Image source: https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/energy-efficiency-strategies-high-performing-buildings-12846637  Shading Design Heat Optical Transfer properties & Wall & Section Daylight Design Design Course Content Thermal Comfort Embodied Basics & Carbon Metrics Operational Energy & Carbon The focus will be on teaching the design of exterior envelop of the building  Introduction Calculating Heat Thermal Comfort Heat Transfer Flow & Shading Design Climate, Climate Apps, Solar Geometry fundamentals, Solar Thermal properties of building In class hand calculations of heat Thermal comfort models, metrics, Geometry, Solar Geometry materials, Solar Radiation, Heat transfer through a wall theories, ASHRAE (American Apps, Shading Design Transfer, and Bioclimatic design Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Standards), Simulations Week 1 to Week 5 Lighting Quality Daylighting Operational & Design Energy Quantity & Embodied Week 6 to Week 11 Example Image (Shoebox modelling for performance analysis)  To identify climatic parameters that inform building design and material selection while designing for a geographical location To be able to apply design concepts of the thermal (Thermal conductivity, Thermal resistivity) and optical properties (Color temperature, Color rendering Index, Light reflection, Light transmission) of building materials To apply building energy and indoor environmental simulation tools to compute building performance (Download & Install Rhino and Climate Studio by Week 2, Climate Studio V2 installation details will be shared with you by the Instructor / TA) To be able to make decisions on material applications after understanding its associated embodied carbon emission Learning Outcomes  45% Projects You will be assigned Projects that develop skills from lectures and workshops. Submitting one week late will result in 10% points deduction and two weeks late will result in 20% points deduction. Submission will not be graded after two weeks. 15% Quizzes Based on theoretical information conveyed during lectures 35% Final Project 5% Attendance in TA tutorial sessions  Topic Exercise Description Assessment TA Workshops Percentage (%) Week 1 Introduction, Course Overview, Climate, Climate Apps, Assistance on Project 1 Solar Geometry Fundamentals, Solar Radiation, Solar Geometry Apps (Project 1 – Intro) Week 2 Materials Heat Flow, Heat Transfer and Bioclimatic Project 1: Shading Design 10% Assistance on Project 2 design (Project 2-A – Intro) Week 3 Calculating Heat Flow and Temperature Swing Project 2-A: Choice of Wall 5% Assistance on Project 2 & Analysis (Project 2-B – Intro) Materials (ClimateStudio Assistance) (Thermal) Week 4 Thermal Comfort, Strategies & Standards, Simulations Project 2-B Design of a Wall & 10% (Introduction to Quiz 1 content) Temperature swing analysis Week 5 Material manufacturer’s visit Quiz 1 7.5 % Week 6 Lighting Quality & Quantity, Daylighting Design: Side Assistance on Project 3 & and Top lighting strategies, Daylighting Metrics (PIT & (ClimateStudio Assistance) Annual & Simulations (Project 3 – Intro) (Daylighting) Week 7 Operational energy & Embodied Carbon (Project 4 – Project 3: Design for 10% A Intro) Daylighting (PIT & Annual ) Week 8 Operational energy & Embodied Carbon (Project 4 – CREEDA Assistance A Intro), CREEDA Workshop, Debate Week 9 Life Cycle Analysis - Embodied Carbon –Guest Lecture Project 4 - A: Net Zero Energy Assistance on Project 4 (Project 4- B Intro) Analysis of a shoe-box Week 10 Life Cycle Analysis- Embodied Carbon – Hands-on Project 4- B: Embodied carbon 15% Assistance on Final Project Workshop (Introduction to Quiz 2 content, Introduction analysis of a shading device to Final Project) Week 11 Site Visit – Net Zero Building Quiz 2 7.5 % Assistance on Final Project Week 12 Final Project & Report Weekly schedule 35% Lectures, readings, and assignments briefs will be uploaded on classroom. All students must upload on classroom only. Follow assignment formats, Create quality work – NO plagiarism, NO extension Tutorials are mandatory- date to be decided by students and TA Readings (if shared) - are mandatory to read and come to class. 85% Attendance (Cannot miss more than 2 lectures) is mandatory as per CEPT policy. Climate?  What is Climate? Climate can be described as “an integration in time of the physical states of the atmospheric environment, characteristic of a certain geographical location.” OR “the integration in time of weather conditions.” Conditions of weather: temperature, humidity, wind, light of a particular point  Climate Zones Image source: https://www.google.com/search?q=koppen+climate+classification&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS962US962&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLhoSzhd_4AhXHSGwGHRuqDjwQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=803&bih=515&dpr=1#imgrc=Hc QDVn_4TW0tBM  Climate: Its Elements Temperature The temperature of the air, recorded in shade. Usually called dry bulb / air temperature. In °C / ° F. Relative Humidity The ratio of actual amount of moisture present, to the amount of moisture that the air can hold at a given temperature. In (%)  Climate: Its Elements Precipitation Precipitation is the collective term used for rain, snow, hail, dew, and frost, which is, all forms of water deposited from the atmosphere. In millimeter per unit time (mm/month, mm/day) Sky Conditions Sky conditions are usually described in terms of presence or absence of clouds. Based on at least two observations made during the day. In (%) of cloud cover.  Climate: Its Elements Solar Radiation Solar Energy incident per unit area. Internationally accepted SI unit is (W / m²) Wind Wind speed ( m/s), Wind direction, Frequency Climate Zones : India Hot and Dry climate Air temperatures between 43 to 49 ° C (hot season) 27 to 32 ° C (cool season). RH varies between 10 to 55%. Precipitation is very low throughout the year. Warm and Humid climate Air temperatures between 27 to 32 ° C. Relative Humidity (RH) varies between 10 to 55%. Composite / Monsoon climate Approximately two-thirds of the year is hot-dry and one-third is warm-humid. Temperate climate Environments with mild to warm summers and cool to cold winters. The mean temperature is above 0° C, but below 18 ° C in the coldest month. Cold climates How to find climate data? What are EPW files/ How to analyze climate?  Climate OR Clima + Climate Consultant Tool Scout Climate Analysis Climate Analysis + + Climate Responsive Climate Responsive strategy selection strategy selection 1. Link to download EPW files https://climate.onebuilding.org/ 2. Link to Climate Consultant download https://www.sbse.org/resources/climate- consultant#:~:text=Climate%20Consultant%20is%20a%20simple,students%20understand%20th eir%20local%20climate. 3. Link to Clima Tool https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 4. Link to Climate Scout https://climatescout.arcadis.com/ SOLAR GEOMETRY https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/sunpath3d.html  Month Lines Hour Lines Sun Position in Ahmedabad: 23° N Latitude June 21st, 12:00 PM Sun Positions in Ahmedabad June 21st, 9:00 AM June 21st, 12:00 PM June 21st, 3:00 PM Sun Positions in Ahmedabad June 21st, 12:00 PM Sept. 21st, 12:00 PM Dec. 21st, 12:00 PM OR March 21st, 12:00 PM Summer Solstice Equinoxes Winter Solstice Solar Angles  Azimuth Angle Altitude Angle http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html  Red Dot = Sun’s Position Altitude Angle = 40° Azimuth Angle = -78° http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html  Red Dot = Sun’s Position Altitude Angle = 50° Azimuth Angle = 120° http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html  Red Dot = Sun’s Position Altitude Angle = ? Azimuth Angle = ? http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html  Red Dot = Sun’s Position Altitude Angle = 45° Azimuth Angle = 176° http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html SOLAR GEOMETRY APPS 1. 2D Sun-Path https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/sunpath2d.html 2. Sun-Path on Map https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/sunpath-on-map.html 3. 3D Sun-Path https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/sunpath3d.html SHADING DESIGN When to shade the buildings? Use Climate Consultant to extract this image June 21 June 21 May 21 July 21 April 21 Aug 21 March 21 Sept. 21 Feb 21 Oct. 21 Jan 21 Nov. 21 Dec 21 Dec. 21 June 21 June 21 May 21 July 21 April 21 Aug 21 March 21 Sept. 21 Feb 21 Oct. 21 Jan 21 Nov. 21 Dec 21 Dec. 21 June 21 June 21 May 21 July 21 April 21 Aug 21 March 21 Sept. 21 Feb 21 Oct. 21 Jan 21 Nov. 21 Dec 21 Dec. 21 June 21 June 21 May 21 July 21 April 21 Aug 21 March 21 Sept. 21 Feb 21 Oct. 21 Jan 21 Nov. 21 Dec 21 Dec. 21 June 21 June 21 May 21 July 21 April 21 Aug 21 March 21 Sept. 21 Feb 21 Oct. 21 Jan 21 Nov. 21 Dec 21 Dec. 21 Winter Shading Requirement Summer Shading Requirement  EPA HSA VSA Use the Shading Protractor to determine your vertical shadow angle (VSA), horizontal Solar Protractor shadow angle (HAS), and End Profile Angle (EPA) Decide your shading mask Designing the Vertical Shading Angle (VSA) Assuming that the building is oriented towards South Designing the Vertical Shading Angle (VSA) VSA = 40 Assuming that the building is oriented towards South Designing the Vertical Shading Angle (VSA) The vertical shadow angle (V.S.A.) is the angle, on a vertical section drawing of the wall, between a line perpendicular to the wall and the projection of the sun's rays on the plane of the drawing. Designing the Horizontal Shading Angle (HSA) HSA = 40 Assuming that the building is oriented towards South Designing the Horizontal Shading Angle (HSA) The horizontal shadow angle (H.S.A.) is the angle on a plan drawing between a line perpendicular to the wall and the projection of the sun's rays on the horizontal plane. Image source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9girn6Y1BOE How to design for East / West orientations? For East facing window For West facing window Decide your shading masks For East facing window For West facing window West Facing Window VSA = 40 HSA = 10,40 VSA HSA Project 1: Design A Shading Device Deliverables for the next week are: i. 1: 100 scale plan and section cut through the window of a shoe-box 3m (width) x 5m (length) x 3m(height). Window to be placed on the shorter wall (3m). Window to wall ratio (50%). Windowsill at 1m. Window placed in the center of the wall. ii. Shading requirement diagram for a city assigned to you with decision on shading mask highlighted. Explain your decision iii. Separate sunpath diagram, overlapped with solar protractor. Show your HSA and VSA. iv. A table with HSA and VSA shown for the respective directions of the window v. A 3-D view of the shading device on the window Format: Students are required to prepare a visual-written report in A3 sheets, landscape format uploaded to Google (max. 3 sheets total). In the written report, you should describe: Summarize the shading requirements for your respective climate. Explain your shading design decisions. Think out-of-the box for your shading design. Keep in mind the HSA and VSA but be creative. Submission: Soft copy- submit online Reference Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9girn6Y1BOE Selected 9 cities from a list of Tier-3 cities Two students can pick one city 1. Leh, 2. Dharamshala, 3. Baroda, 4. Jaisalmer, 5. Pondicherry, 6. Gangtok, 7. Dehradun, 8. Lucknow 9. Varanasi 10. Mysore Project 1: Rubric Points 1. 20 points : Properly scaled plan, properly dimensioned, North sign 2. 20 points: Section properly scaled and dimensioned with good line weights 3. 20 points: Shading requirement diagram (Solar protractor oriented to proper direction overlapped over SunPath diagram) 4. 10 points: Shading mask area demarcation with HSA, VSA labelled 5. 10 points: Logical explanation on decision for demarcated shading area 6. 10 points: HSA and VSA highlighted in plan and section 7. 10 points: A table with HSA and VSA shown for the respective directions of the window 8. Bonus (max. 5): A 3-D view of the shading device on the window Due Wednesday- 10:00 AM (Following week) No Late Submissions Accepted