Lecture 1.pptx

Unit 1 Horticulture: definition and branches Scope and importance  Horticulture Horticulture word is derived from two latin words:  Hortus meaning garden and  Colere meaning to grow or to cultivate  The word horticulture first appeared in 17th century and mentioned in Peter Laurenb...

Unit 1 Horticulture: definition and branches Scope and importance  Horticulture Horticulture word is derived from two latin words:  Hortus meaning garden and  Colere meaning to grow or to cultivate  The word horticulture first appeared in 17th century and mentioned in Peter Laurenberg’s treatise.  In English language, the word horticulture used for the first time in 1678 in a book entitled “The New World of English Words” by E. Phillips  Hence, horticulture is that branch of Agriculture which is concerned with the cultivation of garden crops (fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, spices, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops).  Horticulture can also be defined as the branch of agriculture concerned with intensively cultivated plants directly used by man for food, for medicinal purposes or for aesthetic purposes. Branches of Horticulture (3 major)  Pomology: derived from latin word pomum meaning ‘fruits’ and the greek word logy meaning ‘science’. Thus, pomology is the science of production of fruit crops.  Olericulture  Olericulture (oleris meaning pot herb and culture meaning raising of plants) includes the planting, harvesting, storing, processing and marketing of vegetable crops. Sweet corn, tomatoes, and lettuce are examples of vegetable crops Floriculture/landscape gardening  Floriculture is the science of flower production. Landscape is the appearance of land as it appears to the eye, the growth and use of plants for their beauty by using different designs, methods.  Plantation Crops: refers to cultivation of crops like coconut, arecanut, rubber, coffee etc. on large scale for extensive cultivation Spices Crops: refers to cultivation of crops like, cardamom, pepper, nutmeg etc. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: deals with cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops e.g. mint, lemon grass, aloevera, lavender etc. Branch of Horticulture that deals with vegetable production is  A) Pomology  B) Olericulture  C) Floriculture  D) Agro-forestry Post harvest Technology  It deals with post harvest handling, grading, packaging, storage, processing, value addition, marketing etc. of horticulture crops. Pomology is the branch of horticulture which deals with  A) Flower crops  B) Fruit crops  C) Vegetable crops  D) Spices  Importance  Nutritional significance Nutrients Sources (Fruits and plantation crops) Vitamin-A (IU/100g) Mango (4800), Papaya (2020), beet leaf (9770), Carrot (28129), Spinach (9300) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) (mg/100g) Cashewnut (630), Walnut (450), Dry apricot (217), chillies (0.55), colocasia leaves (0.22) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) (mg/100g) Bael (1.19), Litchi (0.06), Papaya (0.03), fenugreek leaves (0.31), amaranthus (0.30) Barbados Cherry (1000-4000), Aonla (600), Guava (260), Citrus (30-63), drumstick leaves (220), Vitamin C (mg/100g) coriander (135), chilli (111), Dry apricot (72.81%), Date (Pind Khajur) (67.30%), Dry Karonda (67.10%), Banana (36.40%), Bael Carbohydrate (%) (30.60%), Tapioca (38.1), sweet potato (28.2), potato (22.6), curry leaves (18.7) Protein (%) Cashewnut (21.20%), Almond (20.80%), Walnut (15.60%), peas, cowpea, indian bean Fat (%) Walnut (64.50%), Almond (58.90%), cashewnut (46.9), avocado (22.8) Litchi (0.21%), Dry Karonda (0.16), Wood apple (0.13), Agathi (1130mg/100g), coriander Calcium (%) leaves(184mg/100g), Phosphorus (%) Cashewnut (0.45%), Walnut (0.38%), Dry Karonda (39.10%), Date (Pind Khajur) (10.60%), Agathi (83.9mg/100g), amaranthus tender Iron (25.5mg/100g) Fiber (%) Guava (6.90%), Wood apple (5.20%), Pomegranate (5.10), walnut (2.60), amaranth (1), mustard (0.8) Medicinal values: A number of fruits are used for prevention and curing of human diseases or physical and mental disorders from childhood to old age.  Night blindness: fruits rich in Vitamin A like mango, papaya, oranges.  Mental retardation: mango, banana, oranges, grape, pomegranate, cashewnut.  Heart diseases: oranges, mosambi, custard apple, phalsa, pomegranate, pear, apple, coconut.  Nose bleeding: lime, lemon, aonla.  Skin diseases/teeth decay/bleeding: lemon, lime, aonla, tamarind, pineapple, barbedos cherry.  Intestinal disorder, gaseous ailments: papaya, jamun, aonla, bael, banana, guava, pineapple. Also used in stomach and digestive problems.  Bone development: guava, walnut, almond (P and Ca rich fruits).  Blood anaemia, weakness: apple, jamun, pineapple, karonda, phalsa, apricot, fig, strawberry, peach (Fe rich). Economic significance:  Cost of cultivation of fruits per unit area is much less expensive,  Per unit return is much high or fetch more market prices.  Although the initial cost of establishment is expensive but in later stages the maintenance charges is very less and the productivity increases with the advancement of age. Employment opportunities:  The cultivation of horticultural crops involves a number of skilled and non-skilled persons for completion of all the horticultural operations from raising of nurseries to harvesting, grading, marketing, processing and storage of fruits and their products.  A number of horticultural operations such as production of nursery plants, planting, pruning and training, application of manures and fertilizers, foliar spray of fungicides, pesticides, PGR’s and micronutrients, harvesting, transportation, marketing etc. are very much essential at the various stages or throughout the year. Industrial development  Development of several allied agro-based industries  Most of the fruits are also known as perishable in nature which needs their immediate utilization and marketing during the glut periods in the market.  Beside these small scale cottage industries or agro-industries such as coconut fibre, cashew nut dehusking, mango kernel, oil extraction, banana and pineapple, fibre making industries, mahua and coconut oil industries, banana chip industry, raisin and gum industry, saw and timber wood industries, papain and rubber industries, paper industry, oil, soap and cosmetic industries etc.  Thus, development of such agro based industries may be helpful in improving the economic status and standard of living of rural population. Entertainment  Roaming in the gardens, orchards or places well planted with flowerbeds etc. gives mental peace to the persons. One enjoys fresh air and natural beauty, sheds off tension, making him fresh. Aesthetic value and religious importance  Aesthetic value and religious importance is the unique factor distinguishing it from agricultural activities.  Mango leaves, wood, banana leaves etc. are used for religious functions.  Similarly the plantation of banana tree in the court yard or tulsi plantation is said to bring prosperity as per Hindu religion.  This aspect of horticulture has lead to its universal popularity. Source of foreign exchange:  India is one of the leading countries in export of number of fruits and their products which has hold on world trade/international markets.  Because the country land has gifted to produce a wide group of fruits in different agro- climatic conditions. At present, India is not importing any fruit except few dry fruits and we are totally dependent on own production.  There are number of delicious fruits which are pride of their high quality of taste and nutritive values. Some of the fruits such as mango, grape; vegetables like onion and potato; flowers like roses; plantation and spices like coconut, cashewnut, tea, coffee, black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric etc. are export-potential fruits crops. These fruits are exported to Asian, Arabian and Gulf countries every year as fresh fruit and their processed products such as jam, jelly, juices, pickles, nectar etc. the annual export of these products may provide to earn heavy foreign exchange to the nation.  Miscellaneous  helps in transforming micro-climate and maintain ecosphere.  provides shelter to birds, reptiles and add to geo-zoological diversity of land.  provides impetus to the writers, poets and thus keep their cultural impulse alive  add to the survival of life-sphere of living entity.  Scope of horticultural crops  To exploit great variability of agro climatic conditions.  To meet the need for fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, beverages in relation to population growth based on minimum nutritional and other needs.  To meet the requirement of processing industry.  To substitute import and increase export.  To improve the economic conditions of the farmers and to engage more labourers to avert the problem of unemployment.  To protect environment.