Kingdom Plantae Class Notes PDF

Kingdom Plantae Class Notes Go to the slideshow that should be on Brightspace and take notes on them for later studying that will be on tests in the future. Ask questions in the notes and then provide the answers as a fun twist this time. What are the Three Classifications of Reproductive Pl...

Kingdom Plantae Class Notes Go to the slideshow that should be on Brightspace and take notes on them for later studying that will be on tests in the future. Ask questions in the notes and then provide the answers as a fun twist this time. What are the Three Classifications of Reproductive Plants?: -​ Bryophyta; Amphibious Plants [eg. Moss] -​ Gymnosperm; Naked seeds “All Conifers” [eg. Pine] -​ Angiosperm; Seeds closed inside Ovary [eg. Flowering plants] What are the Two Divisions Of Plants?: -​ Non Vascular Plants, also known as Bryophyta. -​ They have flagellated sperm to reproduce. -​ Limited by lack of vascular cells -​ They normally are limited to moist environments and transport a lot of nutrients through diffusion. -​ Vascular Plants; Also known as Tracheophytes -​ Have / Use a lot of Vascular tissue which are like tubes in their body responsible for transporting food and water and minerals throughout the body. -​ They have resistance to drying out -​ Can obtain separate resources such as roots, stems, leaves. -​ They can grow a lot bigger and often do. What are the Types of Angiosperms? Their Differences? Similarities? -​ Monocots usually have pedals in a multiple of three 3. -​ Long slender leaves with veins usually. -​ Vascular tissues spread out randomly throughout the stem. -​ Dicots usually come in 4-5 pedals or multiples of them. -​ Leaves are usually wide with the veins branching off a lot. -​ Vascular tissue is arranged in the form of a circle. -​ Usually has two Cotyledon which is another term for seed leave Cotyledon is the thing that supplies nutrients to the embryo An embryo is basically the initial stage of development of multicellular organisms. What are the three types of tissues in plants? -​ Roots, Steams, Leaves (Conduction Tissue- Xylem, Water {It can only go one way}) and Phloem [Food] are tissues that transport important nutrients from the leaves to the roots of the plants. -​ Cambium produces more Xylem cells and Phloem cells. What Is the Function of Roots? -​ Absorption of nutrients -​ Stability & Grounding -​ Produce compounds eg. Hormones What are the two parts of a Root? -​ Primary: Originates from the seed -​ Secondary: Originated from the Primary (Smaller than main root) What are the types of Root? -​ Taproots; Found in Dicots, Long and thick and usually grow more downward. -​ Fibrous Roots; Found in Monocots, No main root, many thin roots. What does the root structure consist of? -​ Meristems; fastest actively growing part. Most Mitosis -​ Root Cap; The part that protects the Meristems from damage. -​ Epidermis; Outer part, has root hairs which are fine extensions to aid in nutrient absorption. Kinda like the fuzzy part of the root when you touch one. What is the Function of a Stem? -​ Used as a defence system -​ Store water and carbohydrates -​ Transport Nutrients across the plant -​ Stabilize and support the plant body. What are the Three types of Stem Tissues, and their functions? -​ Dermal Tissue; Outer surface of the stem -​ Ground Tissue; The [parenchyma] cells around vascular tissue. Store starch, photosynthesis and support the plant -​ Vascular Tissue; Transport and Structural support. What are the types of Stems? -​ Herbaceous; Flesh soft green stem, contains little to no wood. -​ Woody; Increased diameter each year, found in perennial plants. -​ Perennials last many years but annuals last only one season. What is the function of Leaves? -​ Maintain Photosynthesis systems -​ Collect and sight oxygen and carbon What are the parts of Leaves? -​ Blade; Thin flattened section, positioned along where the leaf begins to grow [nodes] -​ Petisolte; Stalk that attaches the stem to the blade. -​ Covered by epidermis and cuticle that creates a waterproof barrier for the plants protection. What is Stomata? Where is it Located and What's its Function? -​ Many are located near the bottom of the epidermis. Found in pairs. -​ They are protected by a guard cell that keeps the plant regulated. Guards cells have chloroplast which are the cells that are used to do photosynthesis which is the starting point for producing more organic matter. What Happens when Stomata is Open vs Close? -​ When it's open there is a transfer of gases, through diffusion. Taking in the CO2 and releasing O2.  -​ It closes generally when the concentration in the guard cell drops, signaling it too close to preserve its water supply usually happening around night time. How does the water in a plant move up the stem? What are the three types? -​ Root PressureUsing Hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules, like strong forces of attraction. Kind of like a magnet force between the water molecules. -​ Capillary action is the second way that the water gets up the plant, since the water molecules like to stick together due to forces like adhesion cohesion and surface tension, they ride the cellulose walls up the plant till they get evaporated in the leaves. -​ The third way is Transpiration, as a water molecule evaporates it pulls the next molecule in an unbroken chain down to the root hairs. What is Succession? What are the Types? -​ Succession is a gradual change of the species to form a community over time. -​ Primary succession progression in an area that has no plants, animals or soil. -​ Secondary succession progression in an area that has been affected by a natural disaster or human interaction, kind of like a phoenix being reborn, it was destroyed and now is progressing naturally again. For example, forest fires, clear cutting, monoculture, tornados and more… What are the five Plant Hormones? -​ Auxins; Controls growth and direction, (controls light consumption / grows towards light) -​ Gibberellins; Give the plant a growth boost, seed fermentation and elongation. -​ Cytokinins; Basically just cell division -​ Ethylene; Aids in ripening and protecting the plant from stress -​ Abscisic Acid; Keeps buds dormant until the right light and temperature levels.