L2, CVS Pathology Lecture Notes PDF
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Mansoura University
Dr. M. Shalaby
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Summary
These lecture notes provide an overview of arteritis, covering its various types, including infective and non-infective forms, and detailing the impact on different organs and systems. The notes include important details such as inflammation, immune responses, and consequences of the conditions.
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pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis LECTURE (2) Pathology of Arteritis Dr. M. Shalaby pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis DEFINITION Inflammation of arteries....
pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis LECTURE (2) Pathology of Arteritis Dr. M. Shalaby pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis DEFINITION Inflammation of arteries. INFECTIVE NON INFECTIVE Due to microorganisms (staph Mediated by immune mechanism aureus). (immune complex deposition). It may be : Examples: CLASSIFICATION ① Acute: in arteries passing in ① Polyarteritis nodosa. area of acute inflammation ② Systemic lupus erythematosus ② Chronic: in arteries passing in ③ Thromboangitis obliterans area of chronic inflammation ④ Giant cell arteritis. (endarteritis obliterans). Necrotizing inflammation of small and medium sized arteries DEF Caused by Type III hypersensitivity reaction. Nodular segmental affection. N/E Mostly affects kidney, GIT, CNS and musculoskeletal vessels. ① Panarteritis ② Fibrinoid necrosis M/E ③ Inflammatory reaction & fibrosis ④ Thrombosis ① Ischemia: It may be progressive chronic due to fibrosis or acute due to thrombosis. COMPLICATIONS ② Rupture due to fibrinoid necrosis leading to heamorrhage. ③ Aneurysms due to weak fibrosed media. Dr. M. Shalaby pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis DEF Multi-system autoimmune disease, type III hypersensitivity. INCIDENCE More in young females with genetic predisposition. COURSE Remission and exacerbations Diffuse affection of Small arteries, arterioles or even venules are affected nearly all-over the body. This result in multisystem affection: ① Heart: a. Endocarditis (libman-sacks): adherent vegetation & arranged near base of cusps. b. Myocarditis. c. Sero-fibrinous pericarditis. N/E ② Kidney: Glomerulonephritis. Nephritic syndrome. ③ Lymphadenopathy ④ Polyartheritis with affection of synovial membranes. ⑤ Pleurisy ⑥ Neural disorders. ⑦ Bone marrow leading to pancytopenia. Fibrinoid necrosis and inflammation, Followed by fibrosis. M/E Associated lesions in many organs (heart, kidney, spleen, C.NS, Lymph. nodes, bone marrow and lungs). ① Hypertension. COMPLICATIONS ② Renal failure. Dr. M. Shalaby pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis Granulomatous inflammation of medium to large sized arteries of DEF head. INCIDENCE Affect old age of unknown cause. N/E Segmental affection mainly in temporal artery. Inflammatory reaction with chronic inflammatory cells and giant cells. M/E Thrombosis Organization and scarring Dr. M. Shalaby pathology - CVS Pathology of Arteritis Acute inflammation (followed by chronic) involving small to DEF medium-sized arteries Hypersensitivity to tobacco products with hereditary CAUSE predisposition. N/E Affects arteries of extremities extending to adjacent vein and nerve. Acute inflammation and neutrophilic infiltration of the whole vessel wall with thrombosis. M/E Later, granulation tissue, chronic inflammatory cells Organization of the thrombus with canalization Fibrosis around the vessels extending to surroundings e.g. nerves. Ischemia which may lead to: COMPLICATION ① Intermittent claudication (chronic ischemia) ② Gangrene (acute ischemia Dr. M. Shalaby
