Peak Systolic Velocities of SMA and Renal Arteries on Stenosis (PDF)

Peak systolic velocities of SMA and renal arteries on stenosis is? 2. Proximal renal artery stenosis is due to ? 3. Distal renal artery stenosis is due to ? 4. High resistance with low velocities and low resistance with high velocities. 5. Causes of true an pseudo aneurysms? Pseudo aneur...

Peak systolic velocities of SMA and renal arteries on stenosis is? 2. Proximal renal artery stenosis is due to ? 3. Distal renal artery stenosis is due to ? 4. High resistance with low velocities and low resistance with high velocities. 5. Causes of true an pseudo aneurysms? Pseudo aneurysm is caused by injury and previous surgeries 6. Complications of dissecting aneurysm. 7. Most common true aneurysm is FOCAL. 8. For any aneurysm the spectral window on pulse wave is absent. 9. Three types of blood flow In arteries 10. a\. laminar flow/ pulsatile flow. \[ red color \] 11. B. turbulent flow \[ red and blue color \]. 12. C. phasic flow is just for veins \[ blue \] like a wave. 13. RBCs are all moving with equal velocities in center of the blood vessel. In turbulent flow RBCs are with different velocities. 14. in sea gull sign 3 components we see are CA , CHA , SA CHA is going towards liver SA is going towards Spleen. 15. CHA first branch is GDA \[ gastroduodenal artery \] CHA common hepatic artery. SA spenic artery. 16. Lymph nodes are not seen on ultrasound normally. 17. In sandwich sign which artery is the upper bread \[ SMA \]and which one is the lower \[ aorta \] 18. Lymph nodes are seen on ultrasound in infections , inflammations , abdominal lymphadenopathy. 19. External iliacs and internal iliacs enter INGUINAL CANAL and then they become femoral arteries \[ RT and LT \] 20. Internal iliacs are also called HYPOGASTRIC arteries. 21. Ovaries or testes receive blood directly from aorta. 22. Kidneys have their own arteries. 23. Anterior and lateral branches. CA, SMA , IMA \[ anterior \] posterior branches \[ lumbar arteries and sacral arteries \] 24. Anatomy of renal arteries. Rt renal is lower and longer than left. 25. Total number of lumbar arteries \[ 8 in number ; 4 pairs on each side RT and LT \] 26. Appendicular artery is a branch of SMA. 27. SMA ssupplies blood to ? 28. Angle between SMA and aorta is 15 degrees. Running parallel to each other. 29. CA and SMA are 2cms apart. 30. CA is going up supplies blood to liver , pancreas , spleen , gall bladder. But not intestines. 31. Intestines are supplied by SMA and IMA. 32. Aortic ectasia it is condition where aorta starts to dilate. Or the beginning of the process of aortic aneurysm is called aortic ectasia. 33. AP diameter and Width \[ side to side \] , AP measurement is more accurate. 34. Outer or outer measurement for aorta always. 35. Aortic diameter 2.5cms or 25mm. is the same. 36. Aorta as it travels down the body its diameter is decreased and it goes away from transducer. Its closer to spine. 37. Aorta is on left side of spine and IVC is on right side of aorta. 38. Common pathology of aorta is Aneurysm. 39. Draining is for veins and supplying is for arteries. 40. Aorta beginning \[ 12^th^ thoracic vertebra \] and termination \[ 4^th^ lumbar vertebra \] VENOUS SYSTEM \[ IVC AND TRIBUTARIES \] 1. Diameter of IVC is greater than aorta. 2. Union of Rt an Lt iliacs forms the IVC at 5^th^ lumbar vertebra. 3. Where is the location of portal confluence. 4. Main portal vein running OBLIQUELY into the port of the liver. 5. Rt portal vein gives anterior and posterior branches. 6. Lt portal vein gives medial and lateral branches. 7. Portal vein on sag image lies posterior to common bile duct and common hepatic artery. 8. Portal vein on trans looks like a mickey mouse sign, the two ears of micckey mouse are CBD and CHA and the face is the main portal vein; CHA is red on color doppler and CBD takes no color; portal vein is also red on color doppler. 9. Portal vein is red on color doppler. But the flow of blood is still phasic flow. 10. Hepatofugal flow \[ away from liver \] is in hepatic veins the flow is blue on color doppler. 11. Hepatopetal flow \[ towards the lver \] is in portal vein the flow iis red. On color doppler. 12. What is the normal portal vein diameter. \[ 13mm /1.3cm and less \] anything more than 1.3cms is portal hypertension. 13. Fish tail sign RPV. And T sign of LPV. 14. Mickey mouse is MPV+ CBD + CHA. 15. Percentage of blood to liver through portal vein is \[70% \] 16. Remaining 30% is hepatic arteries. 17. Portal vein blood is nutrient rich. \[ because is coming from intestines \] 18. Hepatic arteries is oxygen rich. 19. Hepatic veins is deoxygenated blood. 20. Flow of the venous blood system A. SMV + IMV. b\. Portal vein c\. RT and LT portal veins. D. Hepatic veins e\. IVC f\. heart \[ rt side \] 21. Components. Of bunny sign IVC , middle and Lt hepatic veins. 22. Not a component of bunny sign is Rt hepatic vein. 23. Portal veins waveform on PW is PHASIC and ABOVE THE BASELINE. 24. HEPATIC VEINS WAVEFORM is TRIPHASIC ; BELOW THE BASELINE ; WITHOUT PULSATILITY. 25. Common pathology of IVC is THROMBUS; for AORTA IT IS ANEURYSM. 26. Left renal veins it drains GONADS , ADRENALS ; KIDNEYS. 27. In thrombus the common symptom is lower legs edema; subcutaneous haemorrhages. 28. DIlated veins around umbilicus is CAPUT MEDUSAE. CAPUT MEDUSAE is seen with PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND ASCITES. 29. In portal vein hypertension is spleen enlarged? \[ YES \] 30. IN portal HTN the flow of blood is away from the liver \[HEPATOFUGAL \] 31. IN maythruners syndrome which side is affected? \[ LEFT \] 32. Left common iliac. Vein is compressed by Rt common iliac. Artery. 33. In renal vein thrombosis on left side KIDNEYS , GONADS and ADRENALS ARE ENLARGED. 34. Any obstruction in bunny sign is called BUDD CHAIRI SYNDROME. 35. SUPRAHEPATIC FLOW OBSTRUCTION : If hepatic veins fail to drain IVC it is supra hepatic obstruction. ON color doppler no blood flow and no PW is seen. 36. INFRAHEPATIC OBSTRUCTION: If IVC. Fails. To drain the rt side of heart it is infra hepatic obstruction. ON COLOR DOPPLER we see color flow and PW Is also seen Mickey Mouse\" view of Portal Triad \| Emory School of Medicine