Kinematic Principles of Joint Movement PDF

KINEMATIC PRINCIPLES OF JOINT MOVEMENT Biomechanics  REMINDER: KINEMATICS Is a branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body (And/or any of its parts and segments), without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion....

KINEMATIC PRINCIPLES OF JOINT MOVEMENT Biomechanics  REMINDER: KINEMATICS Is a branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body (And/or any of its parts and segments), without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. 2  REMINDER: KINEMATICS Translation describes a linear Rotation: circular path around motion in which all parts of a rigid some pivot point. As a result, all body move parallel to and in the points in the body simultaneously same direction as every other rotate in the same angular path part of the body: around some pivot point (Axis of – Rectilinear rotation) – Curvilinear 3  KINEMATICS Osteokinematics motion of Arthrokinematics: describes the bones relative to the three motion that occurs between the cardinal (principal) planes of the articular surfaces of joints: body (Curvilinear): Roll Sagital Glide Frontal Spin Horizontal 4 REMINDER: OSTEOKINEMATICS 5  OSTEOKINEMATICS: REMINDER Degrees of freedom:Planes of angular motion of each joint. 6  OSTEOKINEMATICS Open kinetic chain: the distal segment can rotate against the relatively fixed proximal segment. Closed kinetic chain: the proximal segment can rotate against the relatively fixed distal segment 7  OSTEOKINEMATICS Can you think and try some examples of open and closed kinetic Chain movements for each joint of the limbs? 8  ARTROKINEMATICS Motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints Accessory joint movement which occur during osteokinematic movement. Can not be produced voluntarily in isolation* Include: – Glide, – Roll, Combination of – Spin, them? – Traction – Compression 9 ARTROKINEMATICS PASSIVE KINESITHERAPY New equidistant- new equidistant Same point-new points 10 ARTROKINEMATICS Combination of various arthrokinematic movements during osteokinematic motion. – E.g: roll-and-slide / Roll-and-slide and spin 11  ARTROKINEMATICS: CONCAVE-CONVEX RULE Joint Congruency: how well joint surfaces match / fit – More congruent More sliding – More incongruent More rolling While concave surface moves on convex Surface (B): Rolling and Gliding on the same direction Same direction as osteokinematic While convex surface moves on concave surface: Rolling and gliding (≠) on opposite ways (A). Rolling goes the same direction as osteokinematic 12 ARTROKINEMATICS: ROLL-GLIDE 13 ARTROKINEMATICS: ROLL-GLIDE 14 ARTROKINEMATICS: SPIN 15 ARTROKINEMATICS Synarthroses – Synostosis / Sutural – Syndesmosis – Gomphosis Amphiarthroses Diarthroses (Synovial) – Plane – Hinge joint (Ginglimus) 1 axis – Pivot (Trochoid) – Elliptical (Condyloid) 2 axis – Saddle (Sellar) 3 axis – Ball and socket (Enarthroses) 16  ARTROKINEMATICS Plane: There is not a movement axis. Sliding movements in all directions. Hinge joint (Ginglimus): Allows rotations around the transversal axis of the joint Pivot (Trochoid): Allows rotations around the longitudinal axis of the bone. Elliptical (Condyloid): Moves around the transversal and anterior-posterior axis, but not around the longitudinal axis. Sellar (saddle): It moves around the transversal and anterior-posterior axes, not longitudinal. Spheroid (Enarthroses): 3 axis Most articular surfaces of bones are either convex or concave. Depending on which bone is moving, a convex surface may move on a concave surface or vice versa 17  ARTROKINEMATICS Please think on an example of a convex surface rolling anteriorly and gliding posteriorly (In a real joint example) Which rolling and gliding movements while occur while performing external rotatiof of the glenohumeral joint?. How does OKC vs CKC motion ifluence the concave-convex rule? 18 19  ARTROKINEMATICS: CLINICAL RELEVANCE These principles serve as a basis for some manual mobilization techniques you will see in the subjects of second year “Principles of kinesitherapy”. For example, in certain circumstances, glenohumeral abduction can be facilitated by applying an inferior-directed mobilization at the proximal humerus. The arthrokinematic principles are the basis of the application of manual mobilization techniques in Physical Therapy 20  KINEMATIC ANALYSIS This analysis most frequently includes an assessment of: Position, Displacement, Velocity Acceleration Assess the quality and quantity of motion 21  KINEMATIC ANALYSIS Methods to objectively measure human motion: Goniometer Electrogoniometer Accelerometer: e.g wearable sensors Imaging techniques: – Photography – Cinematography – Videography – Optoelectronics Electromagnetic Tracking Devices 22 KINEMATIC ANALYSIS 23  KINEMATIC ANALYSIS You will perform a simplified kinematic analysis in the practicals Please download Kinovea (https://www.kinovea.org/download.html) on your computer 24