28 Questions
What type of motion occurs between the articular surfaces of joints?
Arthrokinematic movement
Which of the following is NOT a type of arthrokinematic movement?
Osteokinematic
What is the result of a concave surface moving on a convex surface?
Rolling and gliding in the same direction
What is the relationship between joint congruency and arthrokinematic movement?
More congruent joints result in more sliding
What is a combination of various arthrokinematic movements during osteokinematic motion?
Combination of roll-and-slide and spin
When a convex surface moves on a concave surface, what occurs?
Rolling and gliding in opposite directions
What does kinematics describe?
The motion of a body without regard to forces
What type of motion is described as a linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part of the body?
Translation
What is the term for the motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints?
Arthrokinematics
What is the direction of rolling in relation to osteokinematic motion?
Same direction
What are the three cardinal planes of the body?
Sagital, Frontal, and Horizontal
What type of joint is characterized by a single axis of rotation?
Hinge joint
What is the term for the degrees of freedom of each joint?
Planes of angular motion
What is an open kinetic chain?
A chain where the proximal segment is fixed and the distal segment can rotate
What is the movement allowed in a pivot joint?
Rotation around the longitudinal axis
What is the term for the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body?
Osteokinematics
What is the significance of the convex-concave rule in artrokinematics?
It affects the movement of the joint
What is the clinical relevance of artrokinematic principles?
They are used in manual mobilization techniques
What is the axis around which all points in a body rotate in a circular path?
Axis of rotation
What type of joint is characterized by three axes of rotation?
Ball and socket joint
What is the characteristic of a plane joint?
It has no axis of rotation
What is the effect of OKC vs CKC motion on the convex-concave rule?
It influences the direction of movement
In which direction should a mobilization be applied at the proximal humerus to facilitate glenohumeral abduction?
Inferior-directed
What is the primary focus of kinematic analysis?
Evaluating the quality and quantity of motion
Which of the following is NOT a method to objectively measure human motion?
Electromyography
What is the purpose of downloading Kinovea software for kinematic analysis?
To perform a simplified kinematic analysis
Which of the following is an example of an imaging technique used in kinematic analysis?
Cinematography
What is the term for the study of the movement of the body or its parts?
Kinematics
Study Notes
Kinematic Principles of Joint Movement
Reminder: Kinematics
- Kinematics is a branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body or its parts without regard to the forces or torques that produce the motion.
Types of Motion
- Translation: linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part of the body. • Rectilinear • Curvilinear
- Rotation: circular motion around some pivot point, resulting in all points in the body rotating in the same angular path around the axis of rotation.
Osteokinematics
- Describes the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body (curvilinear). • Sagital • Frontal • Horizontal
- Degrees of Freedom: planes of angular motion of each joint.
Open and Closed Kinetic Chains
- Open Kinetic Chain: the distal segment can rotate against the relatively fixed proximal segment.
- Closed Kinetic Chain: the proximal segment can rotate against the relatively fixed distal segment.
Arthrokinematics
- Describes the motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints.
- Accessory Joint Movement: occurs during osteokinematic movement, cannot be produced voluntarily in isolation. • Glide • Roll • Spin • Traction • Compression
- Combination of Arthrokinematic Movements: occurs during osteokinematic motion, e.g., roll-and-slide, roll-and-slide-and-spin.
Concave-Convex Rule
- Joint congruency: how well joint surfaces match/fit. • More congruent → more sliding • More incongruent → more rolling
- While concave surface moves on convex surface: rolling and gliding in the same direction as osteokinematic motion.
- While convex surface moves on concave surface: rolling and gliding in opposite directions.
Types of Joints
- Synarthroses: • Synostosis/Sutural • Syndesmosis • Gomphosis
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses (Synovial): • Plane • Hinge joint (Ginglimus) • Pivot (Trochoid) • Elliptical (Condyloid) • Saddle (Sellar) • Ball and socket (Enarthroses)
Kinematic Analysis
- Includes an assessment of: • Position • Displacement • Velocity • Acceleration
- Methods to objectively measure human motion:
• Goniometer
• Electrogoniometer
• Accelerometer (e.g., wearable sensors)
• Imaging techniques:
- Photography
- Cinematography
- Videography
- Optoelectronics • Electromagnetic Tracking Devices
Understand the fundamental principles of kinematics, including translation and rotation, as applied to joint movement. Learn about the types of motion and their characteristics.
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