Christianity and Islam: A Comparative Study PDF

Christianity Timeperiod of significant spread 3 BC AD600 History of west is directly tied to Christianity Christianities role in history eastern world it was a prime mover played a significant role of faith in peoples lives family life of Jesus...

Christianity Timeperiod of significant spread 3 BC AD600 History of west is directly tied to Christianity Christianities role in history eastern world it was a prime mover played a significant role of faith in peoples lives family life of Jesus poor family grew up in house of carpenter TheGospels are NOT biographies but accounts of public ministry Jesusbegan his public ministry at 30 lasted 3years and it madehim famous What kind of ministrymessage did Jesus preach ministry was moving traveling ministry preaches the message of forgiveness of sin reconciliation w God and loveforfellow humans Many expected Jesus tobe a political savior because the Roman Empire controled Jerusalem so people were hoping he was coming to rescue from RomanRule Climax of Jesus's life 33yrs oldduringPassover in Jerusalem hailed as hero in same week proclaimed as Messiah Jesus added the notion of reconciliation with God to right living morality Responsible for Jeuses's death masses of ppl wanted political deliverance religious leaders went aftertheir status enemiesmoney lenders those who did wrong Roman officials When Jesus dies nobody is left in charge last firstfirstlast Jesus leaves behind the legacy of His teachings the accounts of meaning of death resurrection 4 keys to understanding early Christianity 1 Jesus's basic message 3 esiiiecdiionth immpiitance.it 4 Paul's Conversion Jesus's basic message claimed to be son of God had a sense of divine mission to reconcile God humanity came to seek save the lost Significancethat Jesus claimed to be son of God He is claiming both the divinity deity makes Jesus dif from other religions theministry of reconciliation Jesus seeksto tell message but throughout history Christians don't seek to spread message but cause problems instead death seen as a sacrifice for humanity's sin Significance of Jesus's seen as fulfillment forGod's plan of salvation for humans turning point in life of Christianity resurrection Paul was the first great Christian theologian missionary Saulbefore conversion persecuting Christians until on the road to Damascus Jesus blinded him begins his transformation Saul after transformed became Paul became the dynamics enthusiastic evangelist in the church Paul believed that one does not have to follow all elements of Jewish law to find Jesus Paul set the standards of understanding the Gospel 2 wrote most of the NT Paul was a great teacher b c he took ideas enabled common ppl to understand them Romans religious policy toleration within limits Rome kept people happy by allowing them to keep enough culture to remain satisfied maintain unique religious services toleration within limits us religous liberty toleration means your religion is in minority so not supported but is allowed religious liberty means all religions equal early church seen as incestual cult or cannibals Christians seen as dangerous outsiders because the spoke out about abortion capital punishment war violence Christianity not accepted b c leaders didn't accept civil religion civil religion general faith of a state nation persecution under Roman Empire wasn't constant depended an gov't in specific area Diocletian Nero harshly persecuted Christians said toomany too powerful 2 reasons for persecution by emporers 1 early church seen as nonconform 2 need for scapegoat Intent of Persecution put down new socialforce by force Christians react to persecution seemed to welcome it conversations increased gained strength Constantine succeeded diocletian in the west Milvian Bridge two day battle Maxentious fighting for throne constantan wins between constantine and Constantine is first Christian to be emperor seen as problem Constantine waited until end of life for baptism Edict of Milan constantine works w east emperor to make Christianity an official religion Theodosis made Christianity an official state religion Reasons for Christianity's rapid spread psycological reasons social reasons practical reasons spiritual reasons Social Reasons what Christianity provided that others couldn't sense of identity worth of individual message of equality for all people message of hope amidst a sea of dispair benefit in Christianity no social benefit formed communities Practical Reasons Pax Romana Period of Roman Reace waterways roads travel faster importance of language latin greek so bible easier to understand Spiritual Reasons 1 early church was certain abt who Jesus was their faith was infectious they lived their faith 2 no coercion Psychological Reason what appeals to what ppl need 1gave millions of ppl a sense of identity worth 2 Christian church spoke abt equality of all ppl 3Early churchoffered hope in dispare Islam start development started in small isolated area a then it became a major regional then world power in a short amount of time Christianity Islam tied together political social issues their importance Islam significant in religion theological political cultural from muhammad forward Islam is a medieval religion Mahound corruption name for Muhammad represented devil in medieval Christian literature Christianity Islam collide tension between groups struggle for dominance over trade territory military dominance origins of Islam not much written record some debate on origin preislamic arabia virtual island surrounded by water or desert size of useastofMisher central arabia alldesertinhabited by tribesmen when decided to join Muhammad Bedouins defined arabian life islamic people are semitic islamic history is carried orally songs traditions characteristics of pre islamic arabia 1 warlike ppl used violence to survive 2 tworival significant cities Mecca medina 3 religion was mostly idol worship primitive spirit worship animism Mecca majorcity of commerce trade Medina up coming Christian influence into arabia only a little influence main religion was a multitude of gods spirits territory brings islamic ppl together Muhammad born in 570 AD in Mecca to very poor parents Muhammad's childhood father died before he was born a momdied before he was 6 Muhammad was raised by his grandfather then uncle uncledidn'tgive much attention but educatedhim muslims would reject muhammad's learningto read writeb c the ideas of Muhammad come only from revelation Turning Point 1 forMuhammed becomes camel driver travelsto Mecca otherplaces fortrade for 13yrs is a turning point bc it gave his lifesome directionconnected to outside culture perspective is challenged gets education fromthisstarts 12 TurningPoint 2 for Mohammed goes to work for a wealthy woman named Kadija and then marries her is wealthy for first time he has status has free time so dedicates If.tt s 1arfiedrtaPgggingevoyeanlthy escapes to mt hira meditates In Mt Hira Muhammad supposedly has a revelation from God through angel and god reveals himself as Allah Allah claims to be one only true god Muhammad was not seen as the founder of a new religion but as he revived an old religion Muhammad was special b c he was the last prophet and Godrevealed truthto him first earthly prophetGodrevealed himselfto abraham Mohammads followers would say Abraham his descendants got it wrong Muslims did not view Christianity as monotheistic bc of the Trinity after a few months only 3 converts Kadija Alicousin AbuBaterfriendmerchant Muhammadnever claims deity or divinity only to be prophet of Allah MajorProblem w Muhammad's teachings viewed as someone to laugh at Muhammad's tribe The Quaraysh Quaraysh condemn Muhammad b c his theology economic reasoning interfered w their monopoly of buying selling idols Turning point 3 for Muhammad Mohammads hegira Hegira means flight migration from Mecca to Medina People in Medina want Muhammad to move their they offerhim safety power Medina interested b c seen as opportunity to gain strength over mecca Muhammad says no initially b c he loves Mecca it is center of religion 2 hometown changes his mind a few months later after assassination attempt Meccans happy abt Muhammad's migration In Medina his movement grows rapidly many begin to convert Relationship between identity state no separation convert or leave key to Mecca's wealth caravans Mohammads main goal once in medina take riches from Mecca by raiding caravans as they went through The Bedouins surrounding Mecca 2 Medina side w the muslims they convert to Islam The doctrine ofJihadsparked intensity w the conflict between Mecca Medina Jahid holy war mission against Mecca is the will of God difference between teachings of Muhammad Jesus Muhammad teaches fight for cause of god fighting is God's will Jesus preaches peace turning from violence Mecca religous center Medina social political center events leading to the end of fighting between Mecca Medina Medina gates of Mecca afterdefeating everyone in path Mecca sends envoys to ask for peace Muhammad is happy to give terms of peace wants Mecca to join movemen If msfafepeaasaretigiopseoplenfermer.ua after rmabtan et frmallsting Rm success of islam defeat of Mecca led to conversion of all arabia to islam most important term of peace conversion to islam Muhammad dies in 632 of natural causes sickness Muhammad takes his pilgrimage to mecca in last months of life returns to medina to die Problem after Muhammad dies who will be leader first four caliphs first stage of power after Mohammads death mantle authority of prophet Caliph means deputy first caliph Abu Bakr what happens to Abu Bakr dies 2 yrs after Muhammad health next 3 caliphs do quite well all meet an untimely death Gritstreian The 4 caliphs shift expand territory of Islam Caliphs elected position end of caliphs in 661 when shift the Umayyad dynasty emerges after caliphs leadership determined by bloodline Umayyad dynasty claims to be heirs of Muhammad Umayyad first action is change Demasous to political capital of Kingdom from Medina they spread them Kingdom by military political force Umayyad's takes the territories of north africa rest of persian empire spain southern parts of france Battle of Tours battle between Umayyads frankish Kingdom under Charles Martel Battle of tours viewe 1 high water mark of muslim invasion of europe charles Martel saves Christendom in west 2 more skirmish deny intentions to take over Frankish Kingdom 3 middle ground more interest in invading parts of frankish Kingdom to probe take than to conquer entire Kingdom Battle of Tours significance marks the end of Muslim expansion in the middle ages marks height of advance Abbasid caliphs rules after Umayyads Abbasid caliphs claim to be descendants of Muhammad uncle Abbas Rule of the Abbasids more successful than Umayyads in terms of reigning but were administrators over decay disintegration of empireKingdom poor political leadership infighting corruption Abbasid moved capital from Damascus to Baghdad egyptians Seljuk turks break away from leadership Islam spread by the sword as the state moved so did the faith Islam was not only a religous movement but also cultural political 2 economic Reasons for spreadof Islam 1 the message of islam was utterly simple 2 doctrine of Jihad 3 Conversion provided an economic advantage 4 political islam spread when other powers were in a weakened state Basic Concept of Islam is there is no god but Allah Muhammad prophet themessage of Islam is simple means that the message 2 how to begin journey has a simple monotheistic message does not mean that the practice is easy Doctorine of Jihad spread by sword Doc of Jihad helped in battle b c a soldier that believed he was doing the will of god will be rewarded will fight with abandon dedication Head Tax tax paid by non muslims to live in empire conversion provides economic advantage b c non muslims were in the minority not treated equally converting helped w business avoid head tax 5 Pillars of Islam faith prayer fasting giving of alms the Haj Faith Pillar expression of faith public declaration of faith in god there is no god but Allah Mohammad is his prophet two foundational elements are monotheism god allah is an absolute monarch so must completely submit to the will of God Prayer Pillar acknowledgement of dependence on god adortion showing humility approach Allah in prayerby being clean not casually pray 5 times a day facing Mecca 4am 12pm 3pm5pm830p Fasting Pillar allows you to deprive the physical to focus on the spiritual Ramadan 9th month on their calander fast sunrise sunset called to prayer sunset then they feast Giving of Alms giving of money or possessions to the poor intended to be an expression of gratitude to deity gratitude for what you have voluntary alms givingdone out of the goodness of the heart legal aims a tax that goes towards the purpose of helping the poor t fixing needs in community The Hai pilgrimmage that every muslim who is physically able must go to mecca important b c following footsteaps of Muhammad shows devotion to islam Kaaba big black box represents temple sacred Islam significance in History politically economically psychologi cultural exchange Positive Political Consequences for west forced europe to strengthen political systems negative Political consequences for west warfare as islam spread west decades of conflict puts europe on defense sig of Islam negativefor West fear as Muslim Psycological empire spread Culture Exchange sig of Islam almost all pos Western world benefited from interaction w islamic world viceversa Mongols Mongolian empire largest chinese empire in history nomads of central asia mongols Mongolian empire viewed as barbaric by those who got beat by them mongol culturally contributed by opening avenues of cultural exchange mongol lifestyle characteristics nomadic kinship networks nomads key concept mobility Mongols live steppes mid latitude paines mongols survive by a lived pastorial lifestyle used animals for every need significant animals sheep provide food clothing shelter fire Mongolian shelter Gurts lightweight wood covered in felt greased for waterproofing Mongolian kinship networks confederation of tribes informal treaties to develop stronger communities women regarding kinship networks were seen as commodities married between tribes to connect them leader of Mongol Empire Temujin Genghis Khan Genghis Khan rise to power father assassinated when he was five Cast out b c no longer in power mom becomes hero She teaches him survival how to become his father proves leadership viewed as leader of tribe gains attention from other leaders gets kidnapped but forms treaty gains army builds army by conquering other tribes Genghis Khan greatest feat is uniting mongol ppl into one confederation approaches uniting mongolians by being a kind of politician good at manipulation knows what his people want Genghis Khan means Khan of all between oceans His campaigns tanguts Jin Central asia Tangut campaign xia dynasty were business partners until tanguts raised tariffs GK doesn't like this so raises an army takes overtangutesGKmakes tanguts lower taxes allows them to live in peace if they obey him Jin Territory location down through yangtze river Campaign of Jin had been trading w them mongols Jin decides to stop trading certain goods Gk dosen't like so he invades takes Beijing Gk forces them to move their capital furthersouth allows them to self rule Campaign of Central Asia starts b c Gk concerned over cost of trade sends envoys to the Shan to negotiate Shan sees it as threat has them killed Gk reacts as seeing it as an act of war declares war on Asia crazy bloody battle mongol victory GKstays to rule b c more control silk road wealth power Regarding war mongols seen as brilliant skilled 18mi This Etf dhs flesh Podpur egarried back over Mongols tools during war horses recurved bows strategy of feigned withdrawal soldiers acted like they were to retreat which draws in the enemy they attack while the enemy is off guard Orgedei is the third son of Genghis Khan Orgedei expands empire further than 6K strong leadership Khoblia Khan is the grandson of GK Khoblia Khan desires in battle sought to rule not just conquer wanted complete control outside of battle he supported growth of agriculture trade crafts wanted to expand arts Knoblia Khan view on religion toleration appreciation for different religions provided for british monasteries mosques chuero His 3 naval failures 2 againsJapan 7 Java 3effects of mongol rule Pax Mongolia cultural exchange disease