Plant and Animal Cells PDF

:-::: -':': llas a true nucleus (a Plant cel1s and animal cells have eukaryotic cells. Eai:' '-' Tne'e '--''-' -'' ' -''' e variotls membrane nucleus which is bouncled bv nuclear membranes) :" : : - --' : : " bound organelles such as ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochoncllicl i- a - rtsconstituentcells' a...

:-::: -':': llas a true nucleus (a Plant cel1s and animal cells have eukaryotic cells. Eai:' '-' Tne'e '--''-' -'' ' -''' e variotls membrane nucleus which is bouncled bv nuclear membranes) :" : : - --' : : " bound organelles such as ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochoncllicl i- a - rtsconstituentcells' a Activitiesperformedbyanorgarusmarethesumtotaioftheactitrr,::.:,,--r.rr-.J.:i L'ocl je= unicellular organisms (e.g., Amoeba) have onlv one cell in their coupartments in their Multicellular organisms (e.8., human beings) have manv co-ort-iru"'tei a a bodies-, the cells. Chemically it comptlt"? Plasma membrane is a living selectively permeable membrane orgarused proLins and carbohydrates molecules' These molecules are a phospholipids, cholesturol, qaid to have a fluid-mosaic structure' ir-, rrr.h u *ay that plasma membrane is mediated transport ii'e" facilitated Functions of plasma membrane include diffusion, osmosis, (l'e', phagocytosis' potocytosis a"d diffusio4,/transport and active transport) and endocytosis a receptor-mediatedendocytosis)'Amoebatakesfoodbyphagocytosis' " rigid, freely p:lTlill"Each plant ceII is covered by a celi wall which is a non-living, l:]/: :l solution (having less water)' rt hypertonic a in is put cell a plant \A4ren microfibrils. cellulose its protoplast (i'e" plasma membrane' loses water due to osmosis (exosmosis) and as a result This phenomenon is called plasmolysis' cytoplasm and nucleus) is shrunk away from the cell wall. cytosol' The colloidal ground substance of cytoplasmis called and nucleolus' Ribosomes Cellular organelles without any memblane ale ribosomes, centrioles a a a I I I i I I I I 1 also occur inthe prokaryotic ce1ls' a l a a a a a a a a o cell are nucleus, endoplasmic Various membrane-bound cell organelles present in a eukaryotic peroxisomes, etc' reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, plastids, lysosomes, Nucleus, mitochondria and plastids are coveredby two membranes' oxygen and generate energyN{itochondria form the power house of the cell. They use molecular various cellular activities such as rich compound, the ATP. ATP is used as enelSy culrency for lipids and mechanical work such as biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates and etc' muscle contraction, clliaty / flagellar movement, endocytosis' use water andcarbon dioxide and Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing gleen plastids. They carbohydrates' This process is called convert radiant energy lf sunlight intihemical energy of photosynthesis. organelles, since both of them have Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are semiautonomous of their own proteins: their own genome (DNA) and ribosomes to synthesize some Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis' rough (RER) tvpe' SER synthesizes Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mat- be of smooth (SER) or lipids ancl RER svtrthesizes proteirrs and packaging of various celiular Golgi apparat'il> iS ctrl :-1:>ctll:.,i ,ll'ea t,-rt the storage, processing It is also a site of origin of lysosomes' secretions ti E., celir-r1c.e gL,.Lr:rrrtei11s, glVcolipids, etc.). jispr.s.rl s\-stem of animal cells. With the help of their various digestive L_vsosomes forn-i garl]ase organic molecules (which are present enzymes, ll,sosomes ari capai.1g t'i ttgesting most types of iningestedviruses, bacteria ancl damaged cellular organelles)' a nucleus dies in short time' Nucleus controls all metabolic activities of the cell. A cell without e.g., 42 human erYthrocYtes. The Fundomentai Unit cf Life: Cell