BGY 3002 Cell and Molecular Biology Lecture Notes PDF

BGY 3002 CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY History and Basic Properties of Cells By: Assoc Prof Dr MashitahSM  The study of biology balances the reductionist strategy with the goal of understanding how the parts of cells, organisms and populations are functionally integrated...

BGY 3002 CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY History and Basic Properties of Cells By: Assoc Prof Dr MashitahSM  The study of biology balances the reductionist strategy with the goal of understanding how the parts of cells, organisms and populations are functionally integrated By: DrMashitahSM The history of cell discovery Robert Hooke (1665): Observed honeycomb like dead cells in a thin slice of cork under microscope. He created the term ‘cell ‘, which means a small room or compartment By: DrMashitahSM Anton Von Leeuwenhoek (1667) First saw and described living cell - A drop of pond water - animalcules / Bacteria from water and scrapping of his teeth. Animalcules = Microorganisms By: DrMashitahSM Matthias J Schleiden(1838): A German botanist based on his studies in different plant cells. Conclusion – All plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann(1839): A British zoologist based on his studies on different animal cells formulated ’cell theory’ By: DrMashitahSM Theory of cells: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells. 2. Cells are the smallest living things, the basic units of organization of all organism. 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM  Modern Cell Theory The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion, etc) Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane) By: DrMashitahSM  The characteristic of cells 1. Cell covered by plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer) Membrane cell - controlling cell function - small cells have more surface area per unit of volume than large ones. WHY?? 2. Cytoplasm - a semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell (jello) - contains sugar, amino acids and protein – to carry out the cell activities. 3. Organelle – structures and functions of cells. Contains genetics materials By: DrMashitahSM  Three Main Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya By: DrMashitahSM  Cell Types of Organisms Prokaryote (Archaea and Bacteria) – only one type of membrane - plasma membrane forms - the boundary of the cell proper – Genetic material found in a nucleoid Eukaryote – Membrane bound organelles -complex systems of internal membranes forms – Genetic material in a nucleus By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM Review of Eukaryotic Cells By: DrMashitahSM Review of Eukaryotic Cells By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM  Self-regulate Alive Evolve Complex and organize Responsive/ Genetics receptors for information stimuli Perform Require mechanical energy activities Perform metabolic activities Acellular Viruses, Viroids and Prions By: DrMashitahSM [INSERT FIGURE 13.4] By: DrMashitahSM By: DrMashitahSM Viroid  B S E Cr J D