Cell Biology Summary - Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells PDF
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Uploaded by MagicalDivisionism9129
2018
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Summary
This document provides a summary of cell biology, covering the two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It explains cell structures like the nucleus and the cell membrane and describes key life processes like diffusion and osmosis. The information provided here is ideal as a simple guide for understanding the basics of cell biology.
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Two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. small, large, no organelles many organelles Th...
Two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. small, large, no organelles many organelles The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. Proteins are produced and prepared for transport in the Endoplasmic Reticulum © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. The Golgi processes and packages proteins produced in the ER © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. Mitochondria extract energy from food and convert it to a useful form © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. Plant cells have additional structures animal cell plant cell © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it to a useful form © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. All cells have cell membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers Hydrophyllic head -membrane proteins Phospholipid selectively facilitate movement of molecules across the cell membrane -allow cell Membrane proteins membrane to be semi- Hydrophobic tail permeable © Biology for a Changing World, 3E, 2018, W.H. Freeman and Co. Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane -water moves from low to high solute concentration -water moves from high to low water concentration -equalizes the concentration gradient direction of water movement Tonicity describes the relative solute concentrations of solutions -hypertonic: higher solute concentration -hypotonic: lower solute concentration -isotonic: equal solute concentrations hypotonic hypertonic
