Ifugao House PDF

IFUGAO HOUSE  IFUGAO HOUSE MOST OF US PROBABLY KNOW THE IFUGAO RICE TERRACES, LOCATED IN THE MOUNTAIN RANGE OF CORDILLERA IN THE NORTHERN LUZON, IT IS ONE OF THE SIX UNESCO WORLD HE R I TAG E SI TES I N THE P HI L I P P I N ES. W I T H I N T H I S BEAUTIFUL AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE, ONE CAN FIND...

IFUGAO HOUSE  IFUGAO HOUSE MOST OF US PROBABLY KNOW THE IFUGAO RICE TERRACES, LOCATED IN THE MOUNTAIN RANGE OF CORDILLERA IN THE NORTHERN LUZON, IT IS ONE OF THE SIX UNESCO WORLD HE R I TAG E SI TES I N THE P HI L I P P I N ES. W I T H I N T H I S BEAUTIFUL AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE, ONE CAN FIND THE IFUGAO TRADITIONAL HOUSES. THE PRACTICES THAT SURROUND THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USAGE ARE EMBEDDED IN CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL RITUALS. IFUGAO HOUSE IFUGAO HOUSES IS AN INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FROM THE IFUGAO PROVINCE IN THE PHILIPPINES THAT IS ADMIRED FOR ITS COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM. “BALE/FALE” THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF IFUGAO IS CALLEDBALE OR FALE. IT FEATURES A DOMINANT, PYRAMIDAL ROOF THAT COVERS THE WALL. A BALE/FALE IS ELEVATED BY POSTS MADE OF LARGE ROUND LOGS BURIED BELOW THE GROUND AND SECURED WITH STONE BOULDERS AROUND. “BALE/FALE” INTERESTINGLY, ALL CONNECTIONS OF BALE ARE HANDCRAFTED AND MORTISED WITHOUT NAILS OR HARDWARE. BY DOPING SO, A HOUSE CAN BE DISASSEMBLED AND MOVED TO ANOTHER LOCATION WITHIN A DAY. BALE: IFFUGAO HOUSE EXTERIOR VIEW: THE EXTERIOR OF THE HOUSE SEEMS TO BE ALMOST NOTHING BUT A PYRAMID RESTING ON FOUR POST. INTERIOR VIEW: THE INTERIOR SPACE IS ENCLOSED BY SLANTING WALLS AND CEILING THAT APPEARS TO BE SPHERICAL THAT ARE FORMED BY THE LOFT. INSIDE THE HOUSE WAS EMBILISHED ROWS OF SKULLS OF ANIMALS OFFERED TO GODS DURING THEIR ANNUAL RITUALS AND ALSO AS A SOURCE OF PRIDE TO THE HOMEOWNER. FLOOR LEVELS OF BALE HOUSE THE CONCEPT WITHIN THE HOUSE CAN BE CONCEPTUALIZED AS THREE-LEVELED DWELLING: 1. GROUND LEVEL IT HAS FOUR POSTS SUPPORTING THE HOUSE THE POST HAVE WOODEN DISCS WHICH WAS CALLED OLIANG TO PREVENT RATS FROM ENTERING THE HOUSE. 2. SECOND LEVEL IT IS THE LIVING AREA THAT WAS ACCESSIBLE THROUGH A REMOVABLE LADDER. THE SOCIAL AFFAIRS, EATING, COOKING AND SLEEPING ARE ALL DONE IN THIS AREA. FLOOR LEVELS OF BALE HOUSE THE CONCEPT WITHIN THE HOUSE CAN BE CONCEPTUALIZED AS THREE-LEVELED DWELLING: 3. THIRD LEVEL THERE WAS THE PATIE, IT IS A SHELF THAT EXTENDS FROM THE WALL BOARDS OUTWARDS TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE ROOF. IT SERVES AS THE STORAGE AREA FOR GRANERY AND AS A STRUCTURAL SUPPORT TO THE ROOF. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STRUCTURAL FRAME THE IFUGAO HOUSE IS STURDILY CRAFTED OF TIMBER FROM AMUGAWAN TREES RAISED ON FOUR POSTS, WHICH WAS BURIED 50 CENTIMETERS BELOW THE GROUND AND LOCKED IN WITH STONES. IT REVEALS A COMPLEXTECHNOLOGY THAT RENDERS IT A TENSILE STRENGTH CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING DEVASTATING TYPHOONS, TORRENTIAL RAIN AND VIOLENT EARTHQUAKES. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STRUCTURAL FRAME IN ITS ENTIRETY, NO NAILS AND BOLTS ARE USED FOR ALL CONNECTIONS. THE UPPER HALFT OF THE WALL IS FORM BY THE INNER SIDE OF THE ROOF. THIS CREATES A DARK WINDOWLESS CHAMBER WHICH SUGGEST A WOMB. THE ROOF SYSTEM REST ON THE HOUSE CAGE. THE ATEEPLY PITCHED PYRAMIDAL ROOF IS COVERED WITH THICK LAYES OF THATCH OR COGON, THIS INSULATED THE HOUSE FROM THE HEAT OF THE SUN AND THE TORRENTIAL RAIN. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SIZED AND FLOOR PLAN IFUGAO HOUSE HAS A SQUARE FLOOR PLAN. ALTHOUGH THE SIZE OF THE HOUSE IS DETERMINED BY THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE PEOPLE, AN AVERAGE IFUGAO HOUSE IS APPROXIMATELTY 12-14 FEET WIDE AND 12-14 FEET LONG.  PARTS OF IFUGAO HOUSES POST (TUKOD)- THE HOUSE IS ERECTED ON FOUR STRONG POST WHICH ARE USUALLY MADE OF LARGE ROUND LOGS HAVING AN APPROXIMATE SIZE OF 8-12 INCHES WIDE BY 6-10 FEET LENGTH. THIS ARE BURIED UNDER THE GROUND AND LOCKED IN WITH STONES AS FOUNDATION. SOME POST HAVE INTACT ROOTS. THIS ARE SIMPLY SET ON THE GROUND WITH THE TRUCATED ROOTS ACTING AS FOOTING. WOODEN DISCS (LIDI/HALIPAN)- AROUND THE FOUR POSTS ARE WOODEN DISCS TO PREVENT RATS FROM ENTERING THE HOUSE. THE DISCS ARE ABOPUT 2 TO 14 INCHES THICK AND 36- 40 INCHES IN DIAMETER. EITHER SQUARE OPENING OR A BORE.  PARTS OF IFUGAO HOUSES SIDE FLOOR BEAMS (MUNDILIG) – THESE ARE THE OUTER TWO FLOOR BEAMS THROUGH WHICH THE TENONS OF THE SECONDARY POSTS AND WALL BOARDS ARE MORTISED. THEY HAVE RIGHT ANGLE GROOVES TO RECEIVE THE FLOOR BOARDS. FLOOR (DOTAL) – THE WOODEN PLANKS OF THE FLOOR ARE ABOUT 2 INCHES THICK AND 7 FEET 7 INCHES LONG. THE WIDTH VARIES FROM 2 INCHES THICK AND 7 FEET 7 INCHES LONG. THE WIDTH VARIES FROM 12 – 16 INCHES WIDE THAT COVERS THE WHOLE FLOOR AREA. PURLIN (WANAN) – THE WANAN IS A HORIZONTAL TIMBER SUPPORTING THE RAFTERS OF THE ROOF. IT ALSO CARRIES THE CENTRAL CROSS-BEAM.  PARTS OF IFUGAO HOUSES INTERMEDIATE POST ( PAMADINGAN) – THESE SUPPORT THE CEILING BEAM AND THE LINTEL BEAM OR PURLINS. WALL HEADER (HUKLUB) – THIS CHEST LEVEL TRANSVERSE BEAM IS WHERE THE WALL BOARDS ARE RABETTED.  PARTS OF IFUGAO HOUSES WALL BOARDS (GAOB) – THESE MEASURE ABOUT 1 ½ INCHES THICK, WITH VARYING WIDTH AND HEIGHT. EACH BOARD HAS A V- SHAPED BOTTOM AND TOP FIT THE GROOVED FLOOR BEAMS, JOISTS, AND WALL HEADER. ATTIC CENTRAL BEAM (PUMPITULAN) – IT IS UPON THIS ATTIC CENTRAL BEAM WHERE ONE OR TWO KING POSTS ARE POSITIONED. APEX FRAME (AMBUBULLAN) – THE AMBUBULLAN SUPPORTS THE UPPER ENDS OF THE RAFTERS, THE ROOF A PYRAMIDAL SHAPE. IT ALSO SERVES AS THE SMOKE EXHAUST OF THE HOUSE. KING POST (TAKNANG) – THE KING POST HOLDS THE ROOF FROM COLLAPSING. IT STANDS AT THE ATTIC CENTRAL BEAM AND ITS TIP AS ATTACHED AT THE CENTER OF THE APEX FRAME. ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES Structural Resilience Sustainable Resource Utilization Ifugao houses are designed The use of locally sourced with elevated wooden materials, such as hardwood platforms and steeply pitched and thatch, not only reflects roofs, which effectively an adaptation to the mitigate the risks posed by environment but also heavy rainfall and landslides promotes sustainability, as in the mountainous terrain, these resources are abundant ensuring structural integrity and renewable, allowing the and safety for inhabitants Ifugao people to maintain during adverse weather their architectural traditions conditions. while minimizing ecological impact.