Healthy Aging in Canada - Week 1 PDF

O L D E R A D U LT S I N C A N A D A Health & Healing II – Older Adults © 2022 - Durham College Copyright Statement This presentation and all its content is copyright and is owned by Durham College or its Licensors (2022)....

O L D E R A D U LT S I N C A N A D A Health & Healing II – Older Adults © 2022 - Durham College Copyright Statement This presentation and all its content is copyright and is owned by Durham College or its Licensors (2022). © 2022 - Durham College  1. Explain aging in Canada and the changing demographics. 2. Describe the role of the RPN in Gerontological Nursing. Learning 3. Describe the importance of Objectives developing therapeutic relationships and communication styles with older adults. 4. Describe various theoretical perspectives on aging such as biological and physical theories. © 2022 - Durham College Discussion… 1.My experiences / interactions with older adults include... 2.I believe an older adult is... 3.When I interact with older adults, I feel... 4.To me, nursing the older adult will involve... © 2022 - Durham College Older Adults Terminology used to describe older adults. In this class we will use the term “Older Adult What societal markers do we have for older adults? Government of Canada: Old Age Security Overview Government of Canada: Canada Pension Plan (Retiremen t) © 2022 - Durham College Terminology Overall, this period of life can be divided into several classifications: Young Old Age - defines adults who are between the ages of 65-74 Middle Old Age - defines adults who are between the ages of 74-84 Old-Old Age - defines adults who are above the age of 85. A subcategory of this group is Centenarians, which refers to adults who are 100 years old or older. © 2022 - Durham College Older Adults in Canada © 2022 - Durham College Older Adults in Canada Gender Location Female Canadians life expectancy of Life expectancy is lower in the 83.9 years, territories and in Newfoundland and Males have a life expectancy of 79.8 Labrador then the rest of Canada years. Women usually live alone in Highest life expectancy is in British widowhood. Columbia. Men who survive their wives often Lower life expectancy among Inuit remarry. and First Nations Canadians Why do you think this is the Statistics Canada trend? © 2022 - Durham College Aging in Canada & SDOH © 2022 - Durham College Practice Activity Please return to DC Connect to complete the following Practice Activity: You will be divided into 4 groups. Each group will be required to discuss one of the following questions. Be prepared to share you discussion with the larger group. 1. Discuss how older persons are portrayed in popular TV shows, commercials, and movies. 2. Discuss health and wellness with your peers. Develop a definition of aging. 3. Discuss what you can do to enhance the quality of life for the older persons to whom you provide care. © 2022 - Durham College G E R ON T OLOG I C AL NU R S I NG Health & Healing II – Older Adults Week 1 © 2022 - Durham College Gerontological Nursing With changing demographics in Canada, there is a need for specialization in the field of Gerontological Nursing Older adults are the core demographic for health care, yet few of our nurses and doctors in Canada are specialized in this area. Regardless of your specialty, many of your patients will be Older Adults 60% of med-surg patients are older adults 46% of critical care patients are older adults Nurses need to be knowledgable in the assessment of and unique care of older adults © 2022 - Durham College Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA) Gerontological Nursing has evolved to include publicaions, textbooks, certificate programs and organizations that contribute to the development of nursing research and evidenced based practice related to older adults. The CGNA has published NEW Gerontological Nursing Competencies & Standards of Practice © 2022 - Durham College CGNA Competencies & Standards of Practice Standard I – Relational Care Each standard of practice Standard II – Ethical Care starts with a definition of Standard III – Eidenced Informed Care the standard, and then outlines the Standard IV – Aesthetic / Artfull Care competencies required to meet that standard. Standard V – Safe Care Standard VI – Socio-Politically Engaged Care Source: Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (2020). Gerontological nursing standards of practice and competencies (4th ed.). © 2022 - Durham College Practice Activity Please return to DC Connect to complete the following Practice Activity: Look up an area of Gerontological Nursing that you are interested in. Research the role and the setting. Review the 6 Standards of Practice and Competencies from the CGNA document and identify 5 competencies you will need to perform well in that role / setting you identified in step 1. Be prepared to discuss your answers to the questions above © 2022 - Durham College THEORIES ON AGING Health & Healing II – Older Adults Week 1 © 2022 - Durham College Biological Theories on Aging STOCHASTIC NON-STOCHASTIC Error based theory Predetermined or programmed Overtime – accumulation of errors in aging theory DNA/RNA result in visible signs of Aging occurs at the cellular level aging and is pre-programmed Wear & Tear Theory Programmed Aging Theory Cross Link Theory Neuroendocrine-Immunological Oxidative Stress (free radical) Theory Theorythere are many theories about how we age, the reality is we do not really Although know the exact cause of aging. It is thought that it is likely a combination of different theories that cause us to age. © 2022 - Durham College Physiological Aging Each body system will undergo significant changes as we age. Integumentary System Renal / Urological System Musculoskeletal System Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Gastrointestinal System Respiratory System Neurological System © 2022 - Durham College Practice Activity Please see the practice activity on DC Connect in module 1.4. Click on the link to download the physiological changes chart. Each group will be assigned a body system. Review the assigned pages in chapter 6 and identify the changes that occur In the chart document, describe 3 changes that occur and their impact on the body Review your assigned “box” to determine how you can promote health aging of the body system. If you don’t have an assigned box, then please use google Please be prepared to share your groups responses, so each student has the opportunity to complete the full chart. © 2022 - Durham College C O M M U N I C AT I N G W I T H O L D E R A D U LT S Health & Healing II – Older Adults Week 1 © 2022 - Durham College  Ageism Ageism refers to the stereotypes (how we think), prejudice (how we feel) and discrimination (how we act) directed towards people based on their age. Discussion: Where do we see ageism in our society? Do a quick google search to see if you can find examples of ageist messages How is ageism displayed? What is the impact of ageism? Age Doesn't Define You - Global Campaign to Combat Ageism - WHO © 2022 - Durham College WHO, 2021 Ageism & Elderspeak Therapeutic Communication requires a nurse to be aware of their language, expression and attitudes How do you think language, espression and attitudes will influence our interaction with older adult patients? Use non-judgemental principles & allow more time for the patient to answer Ensure you are communicating with the older adult (not their companion if present) Ensure you adjust your position to best engage with the older adultBox 3.1 in your Review Gerontology textbook Consider carefully your tone & volume (Elderspeak) for Characteristics of Elderspeak Consider the words you use and how you address them (Elderspeak) © 2022 - Durham College Therapeutic Communication Nurses require specialized communication skills when communicating with older adults. Keep focus Listen attentively Facial expressions Be present Display a non-judgmental attitude Eye contact Be culturally competent Body posture Clarify Gestures Click Image for Video Give information Tone of voice Seek validation of understanding Cadence (speed / rhythm) of speech Use open-ended questions While watching the video, please complete the activity posted on DC Connect Module 1.5 – Communicating with Older Adults © 2022 - Durham College Practice Activity S P E C I A L C O M M U N I C AT I O N C O N S I D E RAT I O N S Health & Healing II – Older Adults Week 1 © 2022 - Durham College Sensory Impairments Health-related concerns that impact communication Sensory Impairments Hearing & Visual Neurological disorders Patients with sensory impairments are at high risk for complications and altered communication Gerontological nurse needs specialized knowledge and communication skills © 2022 - Durham College Hearing Impairments Hearing Impairment Two types of Hearing Impairment is the number one Sensorineural Caused by damage to the inner ear or communication disorder in the neural pathways older adult population Most common form of hearing loss is the third most prevalent Conductive chronic condition in the older Abnormalities to the external & middle adult population ear Reduces transmission of sound to the is an underreported and middle ear underdiagnosed condition Causes: otosclerosis, infection, perforated eardrum, fluid in the middle is more likely to affect males ear, or cerumen accumulation. than females © 2022 - Durham College Implications for Nursing Practice Strategies to improve hearing Conductive hearing loss: loss: Assess the presence of Hearing aids impacted ear wax Assistive devices Removal by the appropriate Cochlear implants interprofessional team member Review Box 3-4 in your Gerontology Textbook Communication Strategies for Older Adults with Hearing Impairment © 2022 - Durham College Visual Impairment Vision normally declines with age Major cause of visual impairment is cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma & diabetic retinopathy Research shows that in Long Term Care: The majority of residents experience vision loss 1 in 3 residents did not use eyeglasses with the correct prescription Many have broken eyeglasses and therefore do not use them routinely Cognitive impairment impacts their use of glasses Significant lack of routine eye care Lack of routine eye care in LTC may result in functional decline, decreased quality of life and depression © 2022 - Durham College Implications for Nursing Practice Vision impairment can impact communication, functional ability, safety & quality of life Nurses working with older adults can Review Box 3-6 Assess for vision changes in your Gerontology Textbook Communication Strategies for Older A Provide health teaching dults with Visual Impairment Refer to Interprofessional Team Encourage the use of low-vision assistive devices Telescopes Talking clocks & watches Electronic Magnification through cc TV Large Print books Computer Software Audio books Software that converts text to voice Podcasts © 2022 - Durham College Sensory Impairment - Case Study You are providing nursing care for a competent 87-year-old male resident in the Long-Term Care (LTC) facility where you work. Mr. Jackson has recently been admitted to your LTC and you have been asked to complete an intake assessment for him. His daughter is with him. As you sit down to speak with him you notice he asks you to repeat yourself several times in the first few minutes of your assessment and keeps looking around for his glasses. You ask if there is any hearing or visual impairment, and he and his daughter confirm that he has been diagnosed with Presbycusis and Macular Degeneration. How will you adapt your assessment of Mr. Jackson given his diagnosis? Consider the following areas for both hearing and visual impairments: Assessment; Communication Strategies (Verbal and Non-Verbal); Environment; & Equipment. Identify two suggestions under each padlet (one for hearing impairment, one for visual impairment). Be prepared to discuss your answers. © 2022 - Durham College Neurological Disorder Neurological disorders can result in difficulties with reception, perception and articulation. Reception – an inability to receive messages Anxiety, altered Level of Consciousness (LOC) &/or hearing impairment Perception – inability to understand or make meaning of words. Stroke, dementia or delirium Articulation – inability to articulate words or meaning. Mechanical difficulties, such as dysarthis (speech), respiratory disease, destruction of the larynx, or stroke with neuromuscular deficits. © 2022 - Durham College Types of Neurological Impairments Aphasia Dysarthria Cognitive Impairment Occurs after a stroke A speech disorder The loss of a person's and affects a person's caused by a weakness ability to express ability to communicate or poor coordination of themselves. Aphasia impacts: the muscles required for Can be frightening and Speaking speech. frustrating Understanding Dysarthria is Causes progressive: Reading characterized by: Loss of Memory Writing Weakness Speech Gesturing Slow Movement Communication Lack of Coordination of speech muscles © 2022 - Durham College Implications for Nursing Practice Patients with aphasia and dysarthria often retain their cognitive & intellectual abilities When working with patients with a neurological impairments: Be aware of body language & non-verbal communication Be sensitive and patient in order to facilitate a therapeutic relationships Promote continuity of care to learn and understand the patients communication needs and patterns Refer patient to Speech Language Pathologist Remember it is frustrating and exhausting for the older adult trying to communicate Keep detailed care plans with specific verbal and non-verbal communication © 2022 - Durham College Reminiscing Reminiscing involves engaging in activities that recall the past (from childhood onwards) Cultivates a sense of security through recounting memories Increases socialization & connectedness Provides cognitive stimulation and improves communication can help with depression Can take the form of sharing one's life story, Click on the image to watch the music, photographs & open-ended questions video See Box 3-12 in your Gerontology textbook © 2022 - Durham College Practice Activity – Neurological Impairment Discuss ways in which you might respond to a person with cognitive impairment who has difficulty expressing thoughts and feelings. With a partner, plan and discuss an activity that would be appropriate for an individual with cognitive impairment. Interview an older person and ask to hear his or her life story. Pay attention to both the persons story and how you interact / communicate with them. © 2022 - Durham College E V O LV I N G C A S E S T U DY Week 1 – My Patient © 2022 - Durham College  Evolving Case Study This week you will be responsible to develop your patients profile. Please see the Assignment Instructions Create your own OneNote Template Complete Parts I-III of your Patient Profile © 2022 - Durham College