Geog 380: Web Mapping - Part 1 PDF

Geog 380: Geospatial Communication Source: https://earth.nullschool.net Topic 15: Web Mapping - Part I GEOG 380 - Topic 15 © Geoffrey Hay (2023) 1 Learning outcomes By the end of this lecture topic you should be able to; § Name some common Web mapping tools § Name some common open-source GIS p...

Geog 380: Geospatial Communication Source: https://earth.nullschool.net Topic 15: Web Mapping - Part I GEOG 380 - Topic 15 © Geoffrey Hay (2023) 1 Learning outcomes By the end of this lecture topic you should be able to; § Name some common Web mapping tools § Name some common open-source GIS platforms § Explain some of the differences between the various GIS solutions GEOG 380 - Topic 15 2 Web mapping is dramatically changing cartography… § Neogeography (literally "new geography") is the use of geographical techniques and tools for personal and community activities or by a non-expert group of users. Application domains of neogeography are typically not formal or analytical. Source: Wikipedia GEOG 380 - Topic 15 3 Disrupting Traditional GIS & Mapping https://carto.com/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 4 Different terms for different purposes www.gislounge.com/difference-web-gisinternet-gis/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 § Web mapping: the process of using maps delivered by geographic information systems (GIS). A web map on the World Wide Web is both served and consumed; thus, web mapping is more than just web cartography, it is a service by which consumers may choose what the map will show. § Web GIS: increasing levels of sophistication § According to Esri, “Web GIS is a type of distributed information system, comprising at least a server and a client, where the server is a GIS-server and the client is a web browser, desktop application, or mobile application” § Internet GIS: often used synonymously – but not the same. The Internet supports many services (i.e., social media, email, chat rooms, newsgroups, audio/viedo transmissions, info retrieval/communication) with the Web (interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network) being one of these services. Thus, Internet GIS boarder than Web GIS. § Geoweb (Geospatial web): another term to refer to Web GIS - can be defined by merging geospatial information with non geospatial information such as news, photos, stories and so on. 5 First came the World Wide Web The Web was originally conceived as a document management system. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and opened to the public in 1991. (Wiki) GEOG 380 - Topic 15 https://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web/ 6 What is the World Wide Web? § § § Become known simply as the Web – the worlds dominant software platform used to access the internet. Open-source information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet (Powell and Clarke, 2002) A radically open, egalitarian and decentralized platform, it is changing the world, and we are still only scratching the surface of what it can do (Berners-Lee, 2014) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web#/media/File:Internet_Key_Layers.png Not testable readings: § Berners-Lee, T. (2014). The Web at 25: the past, present and future. Wired Magazine, http://www.wired.co.uk/ magazine/archive/2014/03/web-at-25/tim-berners-lee § Powell J, Clarke A. The WWW of the World Wide Web: Who, What, and Why? J Med Internet Res 2002;4(1):e4; DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4.1.e4 GEOG 380 - Topic 15 7 Evolution of the Web Connectivity Read only Pages Web 1.0: *Cognition GEOG 380 - Topic 15 Inter-active Read + Write Internet of Things Big Data Web 2.0: *Communication Web 3.0: *Cooperation + Surveillance Not testable reading: *Fuchs, Christian, et al. 2010. “Theoretical Foundations of the Web: Cognition, Communication, and Co-Operation. Towards an Understanding of Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0.” Future Internet 2 (1): 41–59. 8 Web 2.0 The second stage of development of the World Wide Web, characterized primarily by the change from static web pages to dynamic or user-generated content and the growth of social media § § § § § http://dtl3239.weebly.com/what-is-web-20.html GEOG 380 - Topic 15 Interactive Web (think blogs and social media) Software as a continually updated service that improves as more use it. 2-way (multi-directional) flow of information Web 2.0 signal ethics such as democratization, empowerment, citizenship, sovereignty and protection of both the cyber and terrestrial commons Medium for human communication (Fuchs, et al. 2010) 9 Web 3.0 A work in progress. More focused on the use of technologies like machine learning and AI to provide relevant content for each user instead of just the content other end users have provided § Internet of Things (IoT) § Networked digital technology that supports human co-operation (Fuchs, et al. 2010) Not testable readings: Batty, M., K. W. Axhausen, F. Giannotti, A. Pozdnoukhov, A. Bazzani, M. Wachowicz, G. Ouzounis, and Y. Portugali. 2012. “Smart Cities of the Future.” The European Physical Journal Special Topics 214 (1): 481–518. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3. Liang, S., L. E. Bermudez, C. Huang, M. Jazayeri, and T. Khalafbeigi. 2013. “Advances on Sensor Web for Internet of Things.” American Geophysical Union. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMIN41C1615L. Townsend, Anthony M. 2013. Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. 1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. GEOG 380 - Topic 15 https://www.investopedia.com/web-20-web-30-5208698# 10 Web maps & web mapping platforms GEOG 380 - Topic 15 11 Key characteristics of a web map / cartographic website § Web map is an interactive display of geographic information that you can use to tell stories and answer questions GEOG 380 - Topic 15 12 Preexisting maps versus custom-tailored maps 5 best web mapping platforms: Differentiated based on when cartography is executed: § Completed by mapmaker before viewing on website § e.g., JPEG uploaded online § Users have some control of cartographic process § e.g., choose data shown, scale, and limited design elements https://gisgeography.com/web-mapping/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 13 Low versus high interaction § Focuses on the level of interactivity: § Limited interactivity § e.g., zoom in and out, panning § Medium interactivity § High interactivity § e.g., Google Earth – fly around the world See: Time Lapse in Google Earth – Featured Locations – Infrastructure: https://earth.google.com/web/search/calgary+alberta+university+of+calgary/@57.070285,111.4366656,345.37428011a,170287.95409368d,35y,1.01364774h,51.52048256t,0r/data=CloSMBIgNTQ0MGExNzMxYzI1MTFlYTk0NDM4YmI2ODk0NDUyOTciDG1haW5Ob1JhbmRvbSImCiQJZVSf5rF3SEAR GEOG 380 - Topic 15 14 Distributed versus user-contributed data § Focuses on how the geospatial data contributed: § Distributed data § e.g., Federal agencies: Canada Land Inventory, GeoConnections, Open Data portals § User-contributed data https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=University%20of%20Calgary#map=16/51.0764/-114.1248 GEOG 380 - Topic 15 § Crowdsourcing, user-generated content, crowdmapping, Volunteered Geographic Information Systems… 15 OpenStreetMap: Pre & Post 2010 Haitian Earthquake Not testable reading: Zook, M., Graham, M., Shelton, T., and Gorman, S. (2010). VGI and Crowdsourcing Disaster Relief: A Case Study of the Haitian Earthquake. World Medical & Health Policy, 2(2), 6-32. GEOG 380 - Topic 15 16 Updated versus non-updated data § Distinguishes between websites that update data on a regular schedule and websites that do not: § “real-time” update of data on a regular time interval § e.g., weather maps: https://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/ weather/british-columbia/vancouver § Other examples? § Never changing data § e.g., climate maps https://www.accuweather.com/en/ca/calgary/t2p/weather-radar/52479 GEOG 380 - Topic 15 17 “Real-time data” GEOG 380 - Topic 15 18 Key characteristics of web mapping platforms https://gisgeography.com/web-mapping/ § Beyond just interacting with a map online… § A web mapping platform is a toolkit that helps you build a web mapping application § Do not need to be installed on the local computer § GEOG 380 - Topic 15 Although increasing app options 19 Google Maps https://mapsplatform.google.com/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 § An Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of methods and tools that can be used for building software applications. § Google Maps API allows you to display maps on your web site § From limited functionality (and mostly free) to the foundation of multi-million-dollar businesses 20 Customized Google Maps GEOG 380 - Topic 15 21 Google Maps API GEOG 380 - Topic 15 22 Google Maps API GEOG 380 - Topic 15 23 Google Maps API Enable asset tracking Dynamically track and visualize moving assets https://mapsplatform.google.com/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 24 GEOG 380 - Topic 15 25 ArcGIS Online § § ArcGIS Online is a complete, cloud-based mapping platform. Make and share beautiful maps and do everything in between. It’s possible with ArcGIS Online, a scalable and secure software-as-a-service hosted by Esri. http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisonline GEOG 380 - Topic 15 26 GEOG 380 - Topic 15 27 GEOG 380 - Topic 15 28 Carto Gallery GEOG 380 - Topic 15 29 Other web mapping platforms 5 best web mapping platforms: https://gisgeography.com/web-mapping/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 § MapBox: Programmer focused. Great for maps that need to fit a brand and be able to scale for high traffic. Good fit for consumer internet sites. § MangoMap: Very easy to use, no coding required. Lots of tools and functionality available to make polished map applications. § GISCloud: Online alternative to traditional client/server GIS setup. Many features but hampered by a frustrating user interface. 30 Open-Source GIS platforms GEOG 380 - Topic 15 31 Desktop GIS https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/insider/the-arcgis-platform-an-architecture-overview/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 § ArcGIS Desktop, the industry leading proprietary GIS software, developed by ESRI – The Environmental Systems Research Institute § Licenses cost thousands of dollars!!! § Need a powerful computer to run efficiently § Only works on windows. 32 Open-Source Desktop GIS § Must be installed § Free, editable, addable – like Wikipedia § Top Open-Source Desktop GIS: § QGIS – Formerly Quantum GIS – GRASS plugins, large online community § gVSIG § Whitebox GAT § SAGA GIS § GRASS GIS – developing for over 35 years! https://www.qgis.org/en/site/ GEOG 380 - Topic 15 33 Summary § Lots of options for web and open-source GIS solutions § Some for casual/novice users - blackbox § Some power users – programming experience https://www.unearthlabs.com/blogs/free-gis-software GEOG 380 - Topic 15 34 Geovisualization of spatiotemporal stuff GEOG 380 - Topic 15 § NASAviz – Transforming Scientific Data Into Art https://metrocosm.com/nasaviz/ § Arctic Sea ice decline 1980-2015: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCtuYj5f5T0 § Simulation of Aerosols in Earth's Atmosphere: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjdqFqwQjAM&t=2s § NASA | The Ocean: A Driving Force for Weather and Climate https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vgvTeuoDWY (6 mins) § *NASA | A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1SgmFa0r04 (3:10 mins) 35