Computer Graphics L01 PDF

ELC 4511 Computer Graphics Lec 01 Graphic System This Course Week Topic Hours 1 Graphic System 2 2-4 Drawing Fundamental Shapes 6 5-6 Shapes Transformation...

ELC 4511 Computer Graphics Lec 01 Graphic System This Course Week Topic Hours 1 Graphic System 2 2-4 Drawing Fundamental Shapes 6 5-6 Shapes Transformation 4 7 Midterm Exam 8-9 Hidden lines and surfaces 4 10-11 Animation 4 12 Lighting, Shading and Color 2 13 Application Project 2 14 Oral + Practical Exam 15 Final Exam 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 2 1 Introduction The science and art of communicating visually. Producing and manipulating pictures or images using a computer (2D or 3D). a cross-disciplinary between: Physics model light and simulations for animation. Mathematics describe shape. Human perception avoids things that will not be noticed. Engineering methods optimize resources. Human-computer interaction, graphic design, and art combine to enhance the effectiveness of the communication. 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 3 Applications of Computer Graphics 2 Computer Graphics App. Display Simulation User of Design and interfaces information Animation 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 5 Display of Information 3 Maps , GIS 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 7 Medical imaging 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 8 4 Molecular biology 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 9 Design Graphic Design Computer-aided Design (CAD) Web Design Digital Art 5 CAD 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 11 Web design 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 12 6 Digital Art 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 13 Simulation and Animation 7 Simulation 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 15 Games 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 16 8 Virtual Reality 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 17 Animation 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 18 9 User Interfaces 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 19 Graphics System 10 Graphics System Framebuffer Input devices 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 21 Processor graphic function Graphics application graphical values to primitives pixels framebuffer 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 22 11 Pixels and the Framebuffer Resolution No. of pixels in the framebuffer Depth (Precision) No. of bits used for each pixel. 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 23 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 24 12 Framebuffer Depth Depth Components Levels colors Name Black Binary 1-bit 1 21=2 image & Grayscale 8-bit White 8 28 =256 image 3*8-bit Red, 256 224=16M True-color Green, or 3*12- Blue 4096 236=68B RGB bit 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 25 Color depth 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 26 13 Output Devices 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 27 Output Devices The two outside plates each contain parallel grids of wires that are oriented perpendicular to each other. By sending electrical signals to the proper wire in each grid, the electrical field at a location, determined by the intersection of two wires, can be made strong enough to control the corresponding element in the middle plate. The middle plate in an LED panel contains light- emitting diodes that can be turned on and off by the electrical signals sent to the grid. In an LCD display, the electrical field controls the polarization of the liquid crystals in the middle panel, thus turning on and off the light passing through the panel. A plasma panel uses the voltages on the grids to energize gases embedded between the glass panels holding the grids. The energized gas becomes a glowing plasma. 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 28 14 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 29 The programmer’s interface 15 The programmer’s interface 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 31 The programmer’s interface Application Program Graphics library Drivers API 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 32 16  Graphics Architectures Early graphics systems 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 34 17 Display Processors 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 35 Pipeline Architectures 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 36 18 The Graphics Object Pipeline Vertices Vertex Processor Clipper & Fragment Primitive Rasterizer Coordinate Transformations Processor assembler Vertex Coloring Pixels Framebuffer 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 37 General Graphics Rendering Pipeline Model Object Draw to screen Object Screen Space Space Specify Normal, Scale, Rotate, Remove Hidden Back face, Shade, Texture Translate Surfaces Illumination World Image Space Space Normalizing Perspective Transformation Transformation Clip Eye (Projection) Space 9/30/2023 Computer Graphics 38 19