Functional Anatomy of the Cochlear 2024-2 PDF

2024-2 학기 청각해부생리 Week 4. The inner ear structure and function 안현정 교수  청각해부생리학 쪽지시험 7) 6) 8) 1) 4)...

2024-2 학기 청각해부생리 Week 4. The inner ear structure and function 안현정 교수  청각해부생리학 쪽지시험 7) 6) 8) 1) 4) 3) 9) 5) 10) 2)  청각해부생리학 쪽지시험 7) 6) 8) 1) 4) 3) 9) Tympanic cavity 5) 10) 2) Introduction of Lecture 청각해부생리학 학습 목표 - Previous lecture : 소리가 전달되는 과정의 기본적 원리 및 소개 : Introduction to anatomy & physiology : Hearing physiology and psychoacoustic : The external ear structure and function : The middle ear structure and function - Today’s lecture : The inner ear structure and function Introduction of Lecture 청각해부생리학 참고 자료 - 해부학용어 (PDF) - 청각학 용어집 (도서관) Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Auditory processing The whole hearing process from the peripheral auditory system to central auditory system. Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Anatomical terminology  Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Atoms : The smallest particle of an element. Molecule: A particle composed of two or more atoms joined together. Cell: The basic unit of all living organisms and are the basic structural and functional unit of the body.  Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics – Frequency: number of times per sec. that pressure change pattern repeats – Intensity: psychological aspect of sound related to perceived sound level – Amplitude: (waveform – spectrum) displacement magnitude of sound pressure wave Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Structure of ear Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Structure of outer ear Helix Tragus Antihelix Antitragus Cauda helicis Lobule Superior crus Concha (Conchae) Inferior crus Concha cymba Concha cavum (cavity) Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Function of the outer ear 1) Ear canal resonance:  sound collector for frequencies around 5,000 Hz a (주파수의 wave length > Auricle) 2) Directional Effect: 2-1) Head shadow effect 2-2) Interaural intensity difference 2-3) Interaural time difference Localization along the horizontal plane and vertical plane  앞, 뒤에서 오는 정보의 spectral cues에 중요한 key! Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Structure of middle ear Tympanic membrane Tympanic cavity Ossicle chain : Malleus , Incus, Stapes Eustachian tube Previous lecture 청각해부생리학 Function of the middle ear - Sound transmission - Impedance matching - Pressure equalization The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Anatomy of the inner ear 1) Structure : anatomy term 2) Function The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Anatomy of the inner ear 1) Structure : anatomy term - Bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth - Bony labyrinth - Membranous labyrinth (1) Semi-circular canals (1) Scala vestibuli (2) Vestibule (2) Scala media (3) Cochlea (organ of corti) (3) Scala tympani The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Anatomy of the inner ear 1) Structure : anatomy term - Bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth - Bony labyrinth - Membranous labyrinth (1) Semi-circular canals (1) Scala vestibuli (2) Vestibule (2) Scala media (3) Cochlea (organ of corti) (3) Scala tympani The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Anatomy of the inner ear 1) Structure : anatomy term - Bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth - Bony labyrinth - Membranous labyrinth (1) Semi-circular canals (1) Scala vestibuli (2) Vestibule (2) Scala media (3) Cochlea (organ of corti) (3) Scala tympani The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Semicircular canals The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Vestibule - ampulla The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Vestibule - ampulla The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Vestibule - ampulla The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Vestibule – utricle & saccule The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Vestibule – utricle & saccule The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Vestibule (function) The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Cochlear The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Cochlear Physical dimensions of cochlea:  9 mm (< ½ inch) wide  5 mm (1/5”) base to apex  2 ¾ turns around bony canal called “modiolus”  30 - 35 mm radial distance at BM The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Bony labyrinth : Cochlear (The organ of corti) The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Anatomy of the inner ear 1) Structure : anatomy term - Bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth - Bony labyrinth - Membranous labyrinth (1) Semi-circular canals (1) Scala vestibuli (2) Vestibule (2) Scala media (3) Cochlea (organ of corti) (3) Scala tympani The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Membranous labyrinth : Scala vestibuli – media -tympani The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Membranous labyrinth : Scala vestibuli – media -tympani The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Basilar – Reissner’s and tectorial membranes 1) BM (Basilar membranes) : 길이는 성인의 경우 25~35 mm, 폭은 기저부위는 0.04 mm, 첨단부는0.36 mm : 기저부위가 더 두꺼운 형태이며 약 24,000 fibers가 위치해 있다. 짧은fibers는 기저부위에 위치. 2) RM (Reissner’s membranes) : endolymph와 perilymph를 막는 역할. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Basilar – Reissner’s and tectorial membranes 1) BM (Basilar membranes) : 길이는 성인의 경우 25~35 mm, 폭은 기저부위는 0.04 mm, 첨단부는0.36 mm : 기저부위가 더 두꺼운 형태이며 약 24,000 fibers가 위치해 있다. 짧은fibers는 기저부위에 위치. 2) RM (Reissner’s membranes) : endolymph와 perilymph를 막는 역할. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Basilar – Reissner’s and tectorial membranes 3) TM (tectorial membranes) : organ of corti를 감싸고 있으며 OHC(outer hair cell)의 streocilia가 움직일 수 있도록 홈이 파져 있다. : Sterocilia의 끝은 tectorial membrane에 박혀 있는 형태를 하고 있다. : IHC(inner hair cell)의 경우는 tectorial membrane에 닿지 않는다. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Vestibular and Cochlear Aqueducts Vestibular aqueduct (VA) - VA는 endolymph가 차 있으며 endolympatic duct (ED)를 둘러싸고 있는 형태이다. - ED는 endolympathic pressure를 조절하는 역할을 한다. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Vestibular and Cochlear Aqueducts If enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Vestibular and Cochlear Aqueducts  If enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Anatomy of the inner ear 1) Structure : anatomy term 2) Function - Hearing (cochlear) - Balance (vestibular) The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Hair cell type and function The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Hair cell type and function The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Hair cell type and function The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Hair cell type and function Characteristic frequency - Cell to cell : 0.2%의 주파수 변화 - tuning curve: cochlear cell은 특정한 주파수 범위에 민감하게 반응한다. The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Hair cell type and function  청각해부생리학 Nerve system : Neural processing 신경계 ( Nervous system) 전위 (Potential) : 전기장 안에서 전하를 기준점 에서 목표점까지 옮겨오는데 필요한 에너지 기본 단위 활동 전위 (Action Potential : AP) : 정보를 가진 에너지가 자극을 받고 세포막을 움직이는 전위 변화  청각해부생리학 Nerve system : Neural processing 뉴론 ( Neuron) : 신경계를 구성하는 기본 단위로 정보 전달과 처리에 특수하게 분화. Nerve system : Neural processing 청각해부생리학 Neuron : Action potential Nerve system : Neural processing 청각해부생리학 Neuron : Action potential 안전막 상태 (Resting) Nerve system : Neural processing 청각해부생리학 Neuron : Action potential 탈분극 상태 (Depolarization): Na+ Nerve system : Neural processing 청각해부생리학 Neuron : Action potential 재분극 상태 (Repolarization) Nerve system : Neural processing 청각해부생리학 Neuron : Action potential Cochlear system 청각해부생리학 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQEaiZ2j9oc The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 - Hair cell type and function The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Take home message - Structure of inner ear The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Take home message - Structure of inner ear The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Take home message - Function of inner ear The inner ear structure and function 청각해부생리학 Take home message - Function of inner ear