FRHD Week 2 Midterm MC Part 2 PDF

 **If a newborn is small for gestational age (SGA), which of the following is a likely contributing factor?**\ a) The mother's smoking during pregnancy\ b) The mother's preconception folic acid use\ c) Excessive prenatal vitamins\ d) The mother's advanced age\ *Answer: a) The mother's smoking durin...

 **If a newborn is small for gestational age (SGA), which of the following is a likely contributing factor?**\ a) The mother's smoking during pregnancy\ b) The mother's preconception folic acid use\ c) Excessive prenatal vitamins\ d) The mother's advanced age\ *Answer: a) The mother's smoking during pregnancy*  **If a woman avoids drugs and maintains a balanced diet before and during pregnancy, what is she most likely trying to reduce?**\ a) Preterm birth rates\ b) Genetic abnormalities\ c) Low birth weight in the baby\ d) Alcohol sensitivity\ *Answer: c) Low birth weight in the baby*  **What does the Apgar scale measure?**\ a) Responsiveness of the brain\ b) Newborn's overall physical functioning\ c) Cognitive ability at birth\ d) Birth weight and size\ *Answer: b) Newborn's overall physical functioning*  **Which prenatal test uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of the fetus?**\ a) MRI\ b) Ultrasound\ c) Amniocentesis\ d) X-ray\ *Answer: b) Ultrasound*  **Which term refers to agents that can harm the prenatal brain, leading to intellectual or emotional impairments?**\ a) Genetic disorders\ b) Behavioral teratogens\ c) Fetal syndromes\ d) Preterm disorders\ *Answer: b) Behavioral teratogens*  **A gene located on the X chromosome is known as:**\ a) X-linked\ b) Polygenic\ c) Additive\ d) Dominant-recessive\ *Answer: a) X-linked*  **What is cerebral palsy?**\ a) A genetic disorder affecting heart development\ b) A disorder that affects muscle control and movement\ c) A condition caused by brain damage affecting intellectual functioning\ d) A developmental delay due to preterm birth\ *Answer: b) A disorder that affects muscle control and movement*  **Which of the following is the critical period during which basic body structures begin forming?**\ a) Germinal period\ b) Embryonic period\ c) Fetal period\ d) Neonatal period\ *Answer: b) Embryonic period*  **What is an example of an additive gene?**\ a) Eye color inheritance\ b) Height influenced by multiple genes\ c) Genetic disorder inheritance\ d) Dominant X-linked trait expression\ *Answer: b) Height influenced by multiple genes*  **Which term refers to the strong bond formed between parents and their newborn?**\ a) Postpartum connection\ b) Parent-infant bond\ c) Couvade\ d) Reflexive attachment\ *Answer: b) Parent-infant bond*  **At what week is the fetus considered viable outside the womb?**\ a) 20 weeks\ b) 22 weeks\ c) 24 weeks\ d) 28 weeks\ *Answer: b) 22 weeks*  **Postpartum depression is characterized by:**\ a) Physical complications after birth\ b) Feelings of sadness and inadequacy following childbirth\ c) Increased appetite post-birth\ d) Behavioral problems in the infant\ *Answer: b) Feelings of sadness and inadequacy following childbirth*  **What is Down syndrome caused by?**\ a) Exposure to teratogens\ b) Genetic mutations in chromosome 21\ c) Preterm birth\ d) Deficiency in prenatal nutrition\ *Answer: b) Genetic mutations in chromosome 21*  **Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by:**\ a) Smoking during pregnancy\ b) Alcohol consumption during pregnancy\ c) Vitamin deficiency\ d) Caffeine consumption during pregnancy\ *Answer: b) Alcohol consumption during pregnancy*  **Which of the following is NOT a common cause of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants?**\ a) Maternal malnutrition\ b) Genetic abnormalities\ c) Low socioeconomic status\ d) Active lifestyle during pregnancy\ *Answer: d) Active lifestyle during pregnancy*  **The term "threshold effect" refers to:**\ a) A teratogen's harmlessness in small doses but harm at higher levels\ b) The minimum level of exposure required for teratogen detection\ c) The developmental period in which teratogens cause the least damage\ d) The first trimester when fetal growth begins\ *Answer: a) A teratogen's harmlessness in small doses but harm at higher levels*  **Which of the following is a factor that increases the risk of preterm birth?**\ a) Maternal age over 35\ b) Vitamin-rich diet\ c) Regular physical exercise\ d) No family history of preterm birth\ *Answer: a) Maternal age over 35*  **A 24-week-old fetus is born preterm and requires medical care. What is the most likely prognosis?**\ a) The fetus will need immediate medical intervention and has a chance of survival\ b) The fetus will be stillborn\ c) The fetus will be able to survive without medical assistance\ d) The fetus's survival chances are extremely low\ *Answer: a) The fetus will need immediate medical intervention and has a chance of survival*  **A baby receives a score of 4 on the Apgar scale. What is the immediate action?**\ a) The baby is healthy, and no action is needed\ b) The baby needs urgent medical intervention\ c) The baby is at risk for developmental delays\ d) The baby is at risk for preterm birth\ *Answer: b) The baby needs urgent medical intervention*  **A couple undergoes genetic counseling due to a history of X-linked disorders. Which of the following is true for their future offspring?**\ a) Both male and female children have equal chances of inheriting the disorder\ b) Male children are more likely to inherit the disorder\ c) Female children are more likely to express the disorder\ d) Neither child will inherit the disorder if the father does not carry it\ *Answer: b) Male children are more likely to inherit the disorder*  **Which scenario illustrates the threshold effect of a teratogen?**\ a) A woman consumes small amounts of alcohol throughout pregnancy with no observed harm to the baby\ b) A fetus develops FAS after prolonged exposure to alcohol\ c) A fetus is unaffected by any exposure to drugs during pregnancy\ d) A woman consumes folic acid supplements to prevent birth defects\ *Answer: b) A fetus develops FAS after prolonged exposure to alcohol*  **What is an example of a protective reflex in a newborn?**\ a) Smiling in response to sounds\ b) Turning the head toward a stimulus that brushes the cheek\ c) Crying to regulate body temperature\ d) Kicking to improve muscle development\ *Answer: b) Turning the head toward a stimulus that brushes the cheek*  **A child has low birth weight due to maternal drug use. What challenges might this child face later in life?**\ a) Increased risk of heart disease and diabetes\ b) Higher birth weight in future siblings\ c) Lower IQ scores but no physical impairments\ d) No impact on long-term development\ *Answer: a) Increased risk of heart disease and diabetes*  **A fetus is developing organs during the embryonic stage but is exposed to a teratogen. Which outcome is likely?**\ a) The teratogen will primarily affect brain function\ b) Structural abnormalities in the organs may result\ c) The teratogen will have no significant effect\ d) Behavioral abnormalities will develop later in life\ *Answer: b) Structural abnormalities in the organs may result*  **Which strategy would most effectively lower the infant mortality rate in a population?**\ a) Increasing access to prenatal vitamins\ b) Raising awareness about parenting techniques\ c) Providing better postpartum support for new mothers\ d) Offering universal prenatal healthcare\ *Answer: d) Offering universal prenatal healthcare*  **Which of the following conditions is most likely to be inherited in a polygenic manner?**\ a) Color blindness\ b) Height\ c) Hemophilia\ d) Down syndrome\ *Answer: b) Height*  **If a mother holds her premature infant in kangaroo care, what is the most likely outcome?**\ a) The baby will require less medical intervention\ b) The baby will experience improved weight gain and alertness\ c) The baby will have delayed motor skills\ d) The baby's cognitive development will slow\ *Answer: b) The baby will experience improved weight gain and alertness*