EAC UNIT-I Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing.pdf

Department of Civil Engineering 22503 ESTIMATING AND COSTING (EAC) UNIT-I Hastimal S. Kumawat EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Est...

Department of Civil Engineering 22503 ESTIMATING AND COSTING (EAC) UNIT-I Hastimal S. Kumawat EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & Lecturer in Civil Engg. Dept. 20/09/2022 1 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Govt. Polytechnic Bramhapuri Content CO- a Select the modes of measurements for different items of works. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 2 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO- 1f Explain the salient features of the administrative and technical approval of the given project. 1.1 ESTIMATING & COSTING – MEANING, PURPOSE, ADMINISTRATIVE APPROVAL, TECHNICAL SANCTION & BUDGET PROVISION EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 3 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Estimating & Costing – Meaning & Purpose Definition  Estimation is a process of calculating quantities and costs of various items required in connection with a work.  It is prepared by calculating the quantities from the dimensions on the drawing for various items required to complete the project and multiplied by unit cost of the item concerned. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 4 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Purpose of Estimating: 1. Before starting the construction project it is necessary to know the probable cost so that financial arrangements can be made. It is the main purpose of estimating. 2. Various technical and administrative departments need estimate for approval and sanctioning the project. 3. Before starting construction project, contractor and concerning authority must know the tools, plants, machineries and equipment's. Estimate helps to know the requirements of tools, plants equipment's and labor required. 4. With the help of estimating, construction schedule and program accordingly can be prepared. 5. Companies and Government departments invite tenders of the project. Estimating helps in preparing probable cost of project on basis of which contractor fills the tender. 6. To determine the value of construction, or value of property, estimate is prepared. 7. To determine completion period of the project, Estimate is prepared. In brief, estimating is important for various sanctions, scheduling, tendering etc. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 5 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Purpose of Costing: 1. To study feasibility of project. 2. Owner is able to plan finance before starting construction. 3. Various items required for construction is well known in advance which helps the planning. 4. Alterations are possible if costing goes beyond capacity. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 6 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Administrative Approval For any work or project required by a department, an approval or sanction of the competent authority of the department, with respect to the cost and work is necessary at the first instance. It denotes the formal acceptance by the department concerned of the proposal. After getting administrative approval the department take up the work & prepares detailed designs, plans & estimates and then executes the work. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 7 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Technical Sanction It is defined as the sanction of Detailed Estimate, Design calculations, Quantities of work, Rates and Costs of work by Competent Authority. After Tech. Sanction, construction work is started. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 8 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Technical Sanction powers: Authority Power Chief Engineer (CE) Full Powers Superintending Engineer (SE) Upto 1 Crore Executive Engineer (EE) Upto 30 Lakhs Assistant Executive Engineer Upto 10 thousands (AEE) EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 9 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Budget Provision A report is prepared in which total cost required for execution of project is mentioned. According to 5-years plan, finance is sanctioned after administrative approval of the project is Budget Provision. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 10 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO- 1g Classify the given type of estimate on the basis of the purpose and type of work. 1.2 TYPES OF ESTIMATES- APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE AND DETAILED ESTIMATE. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 11 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Preliminary estimate Types Plinth area estimate of Cube rate estimate Estimates Approximate estimate in Detailed estimate construction Revised estimate Supplementary estimate EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 12 Costing by H. S. Kumawat TYPES OF ESTIMATES The estimates are broadly classified as (i) Approximate Estimates, and (ii) Detailed Estimates Before a detailed estimate of the proposed work is to be taken up, it is necessary to prepare its approximate estimate. An approximate estimate gives the approximate cost of the work and is prepared on the basis of cost of the similar works carried out in the past. Such an estimate is required to obtain administrative approval in case of Government works. Once the work is administratively approved by the Government, a detailed estimate is worked out. A detailed estimate is prepared after its complete set of drawings are ready. The quantities of various items of work are worked out from such drawings and are multiplied by the present rates of items of works to arrive at the estimated cost of the work. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 13 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Rough (or) approximate estimate Preliminary or approximate estimate is required for studies of various aspects of work of project and for its administrative approval. It can decide, in case of commercial projects, whether the net income earned justifies the amount invested or not. The approximate estimate is prepared from the practical knowledge and cost of similar works. The following are the methods used for preparation of approximate estimates. 1) Plinth area method 2) Cubical contents methods 3) Unit base method. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 14 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO- 1a Explain the procedure of the detailed estimate for the given structure. 1.3 DETAILED ESTIMATE-OF NEW WORK EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 15 Costing by H. S. Kumawat DETAILED ESTIMATE Detailed estimates are prepared by carefully and separately calculating the costs of various item of the work that constitute the whole project from the detailed working drawings after the design has been finalized. The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost estimate are eliminated in the detailed estimate. Detailed estimates are submitted to the competent authorities for obtaining technical sanction. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 16 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO- 1g Classify the given type of estimate on the basis of the purpose and type of work. 1.4 TYPES AND USES OF ESTIMATES: REVISED ESTIMATE, SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, REVISED AND SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATE, REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE ESTIMATE, RENOVATION ESTIMATE EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 17 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Revised Estimate: A revised estimate is a detailed estimate for the revised quantities and rates of items of works originally provided in the estimate prepared and submitted for fresh technical sanction. It is to be prepared when: When the original sanctioned estimate is likely to exceed by more than 5% When the expenditure on a work exceeds or likely to exceeds the amount of administrative sanctioned by more than 10% If there is change of rate or quantity of materials. Major addition or alterations are introduced in original work. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 18 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Supplementary Estimate: During the execution of project, certain new items or additional works crop up to supplement the original project. Under such circumstances, it becomes necessary to prepare supplementary estimate. Supplementary estimate is prepared for covering the estimate of sub-work of a project, which is considered necessary for full development of project. Sometimes changes due to material deviation of a structural nature from the original approved design are necessary when the work is in progress. Then for all such items supplementary estimate is prepared. Example: If in a bed room of Bungalow of executive engineer, attached toilet is not provided in original project and then it is decided to construct attached toilet, then supplementary estimate is necessary. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 19 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Revised and Supplementary Estimate: When the work of construction is in progress and if it is found that there is increase in volume of original project and at the same time sanction of supplementary work. In such cases above type of estimate is prepared. The amount of supplementary estimate is added to the revised estimate showing amount separately. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 20 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Annual Repairs (A.R.) or Annual Maintenance (A.M.) Estimate: Annual Repair (A.R.) or Annual Maintenance (A.M.) is a detailed estimate prepared to keep or maintain the building or roads in proper working and safe condition. In case of buildings, this includes items such as white washing, painting of doors and windows, inside and outside plastering and minor repairs etc. The amount of such estimate should be within 1.5 to 2% of the original cost of the building. In case of roads, it includes items such as filling patches, minor repairs to bridges and culverts, repairs to berms etc. In case of damages caused to the works during monsoon, which cannot be repaired within the annual repair grants a ‘Special Repair Estimate’ is to be prepared. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 21 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Renovation Estimate The estimate which is prepared for renovation work is called as Renovation estimate. For example in residential bungalow; – If flooring has to be changed. – Internal wall is to be added or removed. – Dado, has to be changed. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 22 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  1.5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY OF ESTIMATOR EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 23 Costing by H. S. Kumawat ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR A good estimator of construction costs should possess the following capabilities, also:- 1. A knowledge of the details of construction work. 2. Experience in construction work. 3. Having information regarding the materials required, machinery needed, overhead problems, and costs of all kinds. 4. Good judgment with regard to different localities, different jobs and different workmen. 5. Selection of a good method for preparing an estimate. 6. Ability to be careful, thorough, hard working and accurate. 7. Ability to collect, classify and evaluate data relating to estimation. 8. Ability to visualize all the steps during the process of construction. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 24 Costing by H. S. Kumawat ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR (-ctd-) Note the location of the proposed building. Get all data available regarding the soil. Make a sketch of the site showing all important details. Obtain information concerning light, power, and water. Secure information concerning banking facilities. Note conditions of streets leading to railway yards and to material dealers, and Investigate generalEACefficiency of local workman. Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 25 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO- 1b Prepare the checklist for the given type of the civil structure 1.6 CHECKLIST OF ITEMS OF WORK IN LOAD BEARING AND FRAMED STRUCTURE AS PER EXECUTION EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 26 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Checklist of items of work in framed structure as per execution 1. Site Clearance 11. Plinth Filling 12. BBM for superstructure 2. Earthwork in excavation 13. Providing and fixing door and 3. PCC Bed in Foundation window frames. 4. RCC in Footing 14. Flooring 5. Plinth Beam 15. Internal Plaster 6. Column 16. External Plaster 7. Plinth filling with hard murum. 17. Internal Painting 8. Floor Beams 18. External Painting 19. Water supply and sanitary 9. Slab arrangement. 10. Staircase 20. Electrification. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 27 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Checklist of items of work in load bearing structure as per execution 1. Site Clearance 7. Providing and laying 2. Earthwork in excavation flooring. 8. Plinth Filling 3. PCC Bed in Foundation 9. Flooring 4. UCR Masonry in 10. Internal Plaster Foundation 11. External Plaster 5. DPC in CM (1:3) 12. Internal Painting 6. Brick Masonry in CM (1:6) 13. External Painting EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 28 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO- 1c Select the mode of measurements for given items of work as per IS:1200 1.7 MODES OF MEASUREMENT AND DESIRED ACCURACY IN MEASUREMENT OF DIFFERENT ITEMS OF WORK AS PER IS:1200 EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 29 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Units of Measurements Sr. Unit of Sr. Unit of Item of Work Measurement Item of Work No. No. Measurement 1 Site clearance cutting big trees No. 10 D.P.C. Sq.m 2 Earthwork Cu.m 11 Flooring Sq.m 3 P.C.C. Cu.m Wood work for door & Cu.m 12 4 Stone Masonry Cu.m window frame 5 Brick Work (30cm) Cu.m 13 Door & Window shutter Sq.m 6 Brick Work (1/2 brick thk.) Sq.m 14 Shuttering, Centering Sq.m 7 Honey-Combed Brick Work Sq.m 15 Collapsible Gate Sq.m 8 R.C.C. Cu.m 16 Plastering, Pointing Sq.m 9 Steel Quintal/kg 17 Coloring/ Distempering Sq.m EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 30 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Units of Measurements (contd) Sr. Unit of Sr. Unit of Item of Work Measurement Item of Work No. No. Measurement 18 Dado Sq.m 27 Wire Fencing RMT 19 Skirting upto 30cm RMT 28 Surface dressing & levelling Sq.m 20 Skirting above 30cm Sq.m 29 Rolled steel beams Quintal 21 Cornice RMT 30 Grouting Sq.m 22 Railing RMT 31 Form work Sq.m 23 Water proofing paste/liquid Kg 32 Rain water Pipe RMT 24 Electric Wiring Point 33 Water & sewer line RMT 25 Brick on Edge No. 34 Sand filling Cu.m 26 Manhole & Inspection chamber No. 35 Bib cock, stop cock No. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 31 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Units of Measurements (contd) Sr. Unit of Item of Work Measurement No. 36 W.C. Pan /Wash Basin No. 37 Cavity Walls Sq.m 38 A.C. Sheets , G.I. Sheets Sq.m EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 32 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Desired accuracy in taking measurement of work as per IS 1200 On construction site accuracy of measurement of various items is very necessary. To achieve the desired accuracy in measurements, following points must be observed; Dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m except a) Thickness of slab measured nearest to 0.005m b) Wood work is to be measured nearest to 0.002m c) Reinforcement, to the nearest 0.005m d) Thickness of roadwork less than 200mm is measured nearest to 0.005m. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 33 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Desired accuracy in taking measurement of work as per IS 1200 (contd) The tolerances in measurements are – a) For volumes ----- 0.01 cu.m – b) For areas -------------0.01 sq.m – c) For lengths ---------- 0.01 rmt – d) For weights ----------0.001 ton or 1kg. Fraction less than one half is neglected. Fraction equal to one half or more than one half is considered EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 34 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO-1e Apply the rules of deduction as per IS:1200 for calculating the quantities of a structure 1.8 RULES FOR DEDUCTION IN MASONRY WORK, PLASTERING AND POINTING AND PAINTING WORK AS PER IS:1200 EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 35 Costing by H. S. Kumawat RULES FOR DEDUCTION IN MASONRY No deduction or addition for followings: 1. Opening up to 0.1 sq.m are not considered while deducting. 2. Ends of beams, posts, rafter, purlin etc. up to 0.05 square meter in section are not deducted. 3. Wall plate, bed plate, bearings of a Chajja where thickness does not exceed 10 cm are not deducted. 4. Bearing of floor and roof slab not deducted EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 36 Costing by H. S. Kumawat The openings other than above, the deductions are made as follows: 1) Rectangular opening: 2) Segmental arch opening: Deduction = l x h x t 2 Deduction = 𝑙 × ℎ + × 𝑙 × 𝑟 x t 3 Where, t = thickness r h h 20/09/2022 l EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & l 37 Costing by H. S. Kumawat The openings other than above, the deductions are made as follows: (contd) 3) Small Segmental arch opening: 4) Semi-Circular arch opening: Deduction = l x h x t 2 Deduction = 𝑙 × ℎ + × 𝑙 × 𝑟 x t 3 r h h l l EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 38 Costing by H. S. Kumawat RULES FOR DEDUCTIONS IN PLASTERING AND POINTING 1. No deduction shall be made for ends of beams, posts, rafters etc. 2. No deduction shall be made for opening up to 0.5 m2 and no addition is made for jambs. Soffits, sills of these openings 3. For opening more than 0.5 m2 and up to 3 m2 deduction is made for one face only. No addition for jambs, soffits and sills. (For same plaster on both sides) 4. For opening above 3 m2 deductions is made for both faces of openings and the jambs, soffits, and sills shall be measured. EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 39 Costing by H. S. Kumawat MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR PAINTING WORKS (Equivalent plain area of uneven surface) Sr No Member Multiplying factor 1 Paneled/ framed and braced Door/window 1.3 for each side 2 Fully glazed wooden door/window 0.8 for each side 3 Flush door 1.2 for each side 4 Partly paneled and partly glazed wooden door/window 1.0 for each side 5 Fully louvered wooden door/window 1.8 for each side 6 Steel railing, gates, balustrade, guard bars 1.0 for painting all over 7 Steel rolling shutters 1.1 for each side 8 Fully glazed steel door/windows 0.5 for each side 9 Partly paneled partly glazed steel door/window 0.8 for each side 10 Collapsible gate 1.5 for all over painting 11 Plain steel door/windows 1.1 for each face EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 40 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  UO-1d Describe the required specifications for the given item of structure 1.9 DESCRIPTION/ SPECIFICATION OF ITEMS OF BUILDING WORK AS PER PWD/ DSR EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 41 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 42 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Brief Specification from SSR 2022-23 Sr. Completed Labour Description of the item Unit Rate No. Rate 1 Cutting down trees including trunks and branches with girths above 30cm No. 511 463 to 60cm and stacking the materials neatly with all lifts and lead of 1000m as directed and earth filling in the depression / pit if any. Reference No. MORTH 201 2 Excavation for foundation in earth, soil of all types, sand, gravel and soft Cu. 207 116 murum, including removing the excavated material up to a distance of 50 m m. beyond the building area and stacking and spreading as directed, dewatering, preparing the bed for the foundation and necessary back filling, ramming, watering including shoring and strutting etc. complete. (Lift upto 1.5 m.) By Mechanical Means Ref, No. Bd.A.1 Page One Number 259 EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 43 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Brief Specification from SSR 2022-23 Sr. Completed Labour Description of the item Unit Rate No. Rate 3 Filling in plinth and floors with approved excavated material in 15cm. to Cu. 120 120 20cm. Layers including watering and compacting etc. complete. Ref. No. m Bd.A.10 Page One Number 262 4 Providing and laying Cast in situ/Ready Mix cement concrete in M-10 of Cu. 5830 1616 trap/ granite/ quartzite/ gneiss metal for foundation and bedding m including bailing out water, Steel centering, formwork, laying/pumping, compacting, roughening them if special finish is to be provided, finishing if required and curing complete, with fully automatic micro processor based PLC with SCADA enabled reversible Drum Type mixer/concrete Batch mix plant (Pan mixer) etc. complete. With fine aggregate (Crushed sand VSI Grade) Bd. E. 1 Page One Number 287 EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 44 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  Brief Specification from SSR 2022-23 Sr. Completed Labour Description of the item Unit Rate No. Rate 5 Providing and laying in situ /Ready Mix cement concrete M-20 of trap / granite Cu. 7104 2110 /quartzite/ gneiss metal for R.C.C. work in foundations like raft, strip foundations, m grillage and footings of R.C.C. columns and steel stanchions etc. including bailing out water, Steel centering formwork, laying/pumping cover blocks, compaction and curing roughening the surface if special finish is to be provided (Excluding reinforcement and structural steel) etc. complete, with fully automatic micro processor based PLC with SCADA enabled reversible Drum Type mixer/ concrete Batch mix plant (Pan mixer) etc. complete. With fine aggregate (Crushed sand VSI Grade) Bd.F.3 Page One Number 298 and B.7, Page One Number38 6 Providing first class Burnt Brick masonry with conventional / I.S. type bricks in Cu. 9525 2704 cement mortar 1:4 including scaffolding, racking out joints pointing in C.M. 1:3 and m watering in pillars of rectangular or square shape as shown on the drawing or as directed etc. complete. Bd.G.9 (a) Page One Number 317 EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 45 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  1.10 STANDARD FORMATS OF MEASUREMENT SHEET, ABSTRACT SHEET, FACE SHEET EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 46 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Standard format of Measurement Sheet Item Length Breadth Height Description of item No. Quantity No. L B D/H EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 47 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Standard format of Abstract Sheet Item Unit of Description of item Quantity Unit Rate Amount No. Rate EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 48 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Standard format of Face sheet Division: ______________ Sanction estimate No.: _____________ Fund head: ________________ Major head: _______________ Minor head: __________________ Service head: _________________ Departmental head: __________________ Estimate framed in the office of Executive Engineer, P.W.D., the probable expenses that will occur in Name of Work: ___________________________________ Administrative approval under No. _______ Dated __________ Technical sanctioned under No. _________ Dated __________ Estimate prepared by: ________________ Checked by: ____________________ Call of authority: ______________________ EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 49 Costing by H. S. Kumawat Standard format of Face sheet Use: It is used to mention details of project for which estimate is prepared and attached at cover page of detail estimate. General Abstract Sr. No. Particulars Amount 1 Estimated cost (as per abstract) Rs. ________ 2 Water supply and Sanitary charges @ ____% Rs. ________ 3 Electrification charges @ ____% Rs. ________ 4 Contingencies @ 3 to 5% Rs. ________ 5 Total estimated cost Rs. ________ EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 50 Costing by H. S. Kumawat References Estimating , Costing & Specification in Civil Engineering by M. Chakraborti Estimating & Costing in Civil Engineering by B. N. Datta Estimating & Quantity Surveying by D. Silambarasan https://www.slideshare.net/ EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 51 Costing by H. S. Kumawat  EAC Unit-I Fundamentals of Estimating & 20/09/2022 52 Costing by H. S. Kumawat