Civil Engineering: Estimating and Costing Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of measurement for 'Site clearance cutting big trees' as per IS:1200?

  • Cu.m
  • No. (correct)
  • Quintal/kg
  • Sq.m

    • What is the unit of measurement for 'Brick Work (30cm)' as per IS:1200?

  • Quintal/kg
  • Cu.m (correct)
  • Sq.m
  • No.

    • What is the unit of measurement for 'Steel' as per IS:1200?

  • No.
  • Quintal/kg (correct)
  • Sq.m
  • Cu.m

    • What is the unit of measurement for 'Flooring' as per IS:1200?

    <p>Sq.m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for 'R.C.C.' as per IS:1200?

    <p>Cu.m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for 'Plastering, Pointing' as per IS:1200?

    <p>Sq.m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for 'Coloring/ Distempering' as per IS:1200?

    <p>Sq.m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the deduction for a rectangular opening?

    <p>l x h x t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following openings has a deduction formula that involves the radius 'r'?

    <p>Semi-Circular arch opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the opening for which no deduction is made?

    <p>Up to 0.5 m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is no addition made for jambs?

    <p>Because soffits and sills of these openings are considered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the deduction for a Semi-Circular arch opening?

    <p>l x h + (1/2) x l x r x t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are no deductions made for ends of beams, posts, rafters, etc.?

    <p>As per the rule for deductions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the deduction for a Small Segmental arch opening?

    <p>l x h x t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the deduction for a Segmental arch opening?

    <p>l x h + (1/2) x l x r x t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of estimation in construction projects?

    <p>To make financial arrangements before starting the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the estimation process?

    <p>A calculated quantity and cost of items required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the estimation process?

    <p>Calculating quantities from dimensions on the drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administrative approval in a project?

    <p>To ensure the project is financially viable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between estimation and costing?

    <p>Estimation is a part of costing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of technical sanction in a project?

    <p>To ensure the project is technically feasible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the estimation process multiplied by?

    <p>The unit cost of the item</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of estimation in construction projects?

    <p>A process of calculating quantities and costs of various items required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first item of work in a framed structure as per execution?

    <p>Site Clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Plinth Filling in a framed structure?

    <p>To provide a solid base for the superstructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a load bearing structure, what is the purpose of DPC in CM (1:3)?

    <p>To prevent water seepage into the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a framed structure and a load bearing structure?

    <p>The design of the building's foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Brick Masonry in CM (1:6) in a load bearing structure?

    <p>To construct the walls of the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of activities in a framed structure as per execution?

    <p>Site Clearance, Earthwork, PCC Bed, Plinth Filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Flooring in a load bearing structure?

    <p>To provide a level surface for the building's occupants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last item of work in a framed structure as per execution?

    <p>Electrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Face sheet in estimating and costing?

    <p>To mention details of the project for which the estimate is prepared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of contingencies in estimating and costing?

    <p>3 to 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the author who wrote 'Estimating, Costing & Specification in Civil Engineering'?

    <p>M.Chakraborti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of the 'General Abstract' in estimating and costing?

    <p>To provide a summary of the estimated cost of the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the unit that discusses the fundamentals of estimating and costing?

    <p>EAC Unit-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of electrification charges added to the estimated cost of the project?

    <p>The percentage is not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Estimate framed in the office of Executive Engineer' section in the Face sheet?

    <p>To specify the office where the estimate was prepared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total estimated cost calculated in the 'General Abstract'?

    <p>The sum of the estimated cost, water supply charges, electrification charges, and contingencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Estimating and Costing (EAC)

    • Estimating is the process of calculating quantities and costs of various items required in connection with a work.
    • It is prepared by calculating the quantities from the dimensions on the drawing for various items required to complete the project and multiplied by unit cost of the item concerned.

    Purpose of Estimating

    • To know the probable cost of the project before starting construction, so that financial arrangements can be made.

    Checklist of Items of Work in Framed Structure

    • Site clearance
    • Earthwork in excavation
    • PCC bed in foundation
    • RCC in footing
    • Plinth beam
    • Column
    • Plinth filling with hard murum
    • Floor beams
    • Slab
    • Staircase
    • Flooring
    • Internal plaster
    • External plaster
    • Internal painting
    • External painting
    • Water supply and sanitary arrangement
    • Electrification

    Checklist of Items of Work in Load Bearing Structure

    • Site clearance
    • Earthwork in excavation
    • PCC bed in foundation
    • UCR masonry in foundation
    • DPC in CM (1:3)
    • Brick masonry in CM (1:6)
    • Providing and laying flooring
    • Plinth filling
    • Flooring
    • Internal plaster
    • External plaster
    • Internal painting
    • External painting

    Modes of Measurements and Desired Accuracy

    • Units of measurement for different items of work as per IS:1200
    • Site clearance: No.
    • Earthwork: Cu.m
    • P.C.C.: Cu.m
    • Stone masonry: Cu.m
    • Brick work (30cm): Cu.m
    • Brick work (1/2 brick thk.): Sq.m
    • Honey-combed brick work: Sq.m
    • R.C.C.: Cu.m
    • Steel: Quintal/kg
    • Plastering, pointing: Sq.m
    • Coloring/distempering: Sq.m

    Deductions for Openings

    • Rectangular opening: Deduction = l x h x t
    • Segmental arch opening: Deduction = 𝑙 × ℎ + × 𝑙 × 𝑟 x t
    • Small segmental arch opening: Deduction = l x h x t
    • Semi-circular arch opening: Deduction = 𝑙 × ℎ + × 𝑙 × 𝑟 x t

    Rules for Deductions in Plastering and Pointing

    • No deduction shall be made for ends of beams, posts, rafters, etc.
    • No deduction shall be made for openings up to 0.5 m2 and no addition is made for jambs.
    • Soffits, sills of these openings are not deducted.

    Standard Format of Face Sheet

    • Division: ______________
    • Sanction estimate No.: _____________
    • Fund head: ________________
    • Major head: _______________
    • Minor head: __________________
    • Service head: _________________
    • Departmental head: __________________
    • Estimate framed in the office of Executive Engineer, P.W.D.
    • Name of Work: ___________________________________
    • Administrative approval under No._______ Dated __________
    • Technical sanctioned under No._________ Dated __________
    • Estimate prepared by: ________________
    • Checked by: ____________________
    • Call of authority: ______________________

    General Abstract

    • Sr.No.Particulars: Amount
      1. Estimated cost (as per abstract): Rs.________
      1. Water supply and sanitary charges @ %: Rs.____
      1. Electrification charges @ %: Rs.____
      1. Contingencies @ 3 to 5%: Rs.________
      1. Total estimated cost: Rs.________

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