Introduction To Public Health BPH 212 PDF

Introduction to public health BPH 212 4. Essential Services of Public Health 1 Dr. Abdulrahman Almujaidel 2 Introduction to Essential Public Health Services Provide a framework for public health practice Describe key...

Introduction to public health BPH 212 4. Essential Services of Public Health 1 Dr. Abdulrahman Almujaidel 2 Introduction to Essential Public Health Services Provide a framework for public health practice Describe key activities all communities should undertake Align with core public health functions: Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance 3 Overview of the 10 Essential Public Health Services 1. Assessment: Monitor and evaluate population health status, needs, and assets. 2. Investigation: Identify, analyze, and address health problems and hazards. 3. Communication: Educate and inform the public about health issues and prevention. 4. Community Engagement: Build partnerships and mobilize community action for health. 5. Policy Development: Create and advocate for policies and plans that support health. 6. Enforcement: Implement and enforce public health laws and regulations. 7. Access: Ensure equitable access to health services and resources. 8. Workforce: Develop and maintain a skilled, diverse public health workforce. 9. Improvement: Evaluate and innovate public health practices through research. 10. Infrastructure: Maintain a robust organizational structure for public health operations. 4 Essential Service 1: Assessment "Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and community needs" Key activities: Conducting community health assessments Collecting and analyzing health data Identifying health priorities and disparities Tools: Surveys, epidemiological studies, health informatics systems 5 Essential Service 2: Investigation and Diagnosis "Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population" Key activities: Detecting and responding to disease outbreaks Identifying environmental health hazards Conducting root cause analyses of health issues Example: COVID-19 contact tracing. 6 Essential Service 3: Communication and Education "Communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that influence it, and how to improve it" Key activities: Developing health education campaigns Providing accurate and timely health information Tailoring messages for diverse audiences Example: Anti-smoking campaigns, nutrition education programs 7 Essential Service 4: Community Partnerships "Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health" Key activities: Building coalitions with community organizations Engaging diverse stakeholders in health initiatives Fostering community leadership in health Example: Community-based participatory research projects 8 Essential Service 5: Policy and Planning "Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health" Key activities: Developing health improvement plans Advocating for health-promoting policies Assessing health impacts of proposed policies and plans Example: Implementing smoke-free workplace laws 9 Essential Service 6: Legal and Regulatory Actions "Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public's health" Key activities: Enforcing public health laws and regulations Reviewing and revising health codes Educating about compliance with health laws Example: Food safety inspections, vaccination requirements 10 Essential Service 7: Access to Care "Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services and care needed to be healthy" Key activities: Identifying and addressing barriers to healthcare access Coordinating with healthcare providers and systems Promoting culturally competent care Example: Establishing community health centers in underserved areas 11 Essential Service 8: Workforce "Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce" Key activities: Recruiting and retaining qualified public health professionals Providing ongoing training and professional development Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workforce Example: Public health leadership development programs 12 Essential Service 9: Evaluation and Innovation "Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement" Key activities: Conducting program evaluations Applying evidence-based practices Fostering a culture of continuous improvement Example: Implementing quality improvement projects in health departments 13 Essential Service 10: Organizational Capacity "Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health" Key activities: Ensuring adequate funding for public health activities Developing effective leadership and governance structures Maintaining necessary technologies and information systems Example: Achieving public health accreditation 14 Importance of Community Engagement Community engagement is crucial for effective public health practice Benefits: Better understanding of community needs and assets Increased trust between public health agencies and communities More effective and sustainable public health interventions Empowerment of community members in health decision-making 15 Partnerships in Public Health Partnerships enhance the reach and effectiveness of public health efforts Types of partnerships: Intersectoral (health, education) Public-private partnerships Academic-community partnerships International collaborations Benefits: Resource sharing, diverse expertise 16 Application Example: Tobacco Control Assessment: Monitoring smoking rates and health impacts Communication: Anti-smoking education campaigns Policy: Implementing smoke-free laws and tobacco taxes Partnerships: Collaborating with schools and businesses for smoke- free environments Regulation: Enforcing age restrictions on tobacco sales Evaluation: Assessing the impact of tobacco control measures 17 Application Example: Obesity Prevention Assessment: Tracking obesity rates and related health indicators Communication: Promoting healthy eating and active living Community Engagement: Developing community gardens and walking groups Policy: Implementing menu labeling laws and sugary drink taxes Access to Care: Providing nutrition counseling and weight management programs Evaluation: Measuring the effectiveness of obesity prevention initiatives 18 Application Example: Environmental Health Investigation: Identifying sources of air and water pollution Policy: Developing regulations for emissions and water quality Partnerships: Collaborating with industries for cleaner production methods Communication: Educating the public about environmental health risks Workforce: Training environmental health specialists Legal Actions: Enforcing environmental protection laws 19 Application Example: Infectious Disease Control Assessment: Conducting disease surveillance and outbreak detection Investigation: Performing contact tracing and identifying disease sources Communication: Providing timely and accurate information about disease risks and prevention Partnerships: Collaborating with healthcare providers and international health organizations Access to Care: Ensuring availability of vaccines and treatments Workforce: Training epidemiologists and public health laboratory staff 20 Conclusion, Future Directions , Essential services provide a comprehensive framework for public health practice Continuous adaptation is necessary to address evolving health challenges Future focus areas: Health equity and social determinants of health Integration of technology and big data in public health Preparedness for global health threats Ongoing commitment to community engagement and partnerships is crucial Public health professionals must be adaptable and innovative to meet future challenges 21 Questions