Unit 14 Leadership In Community Development PowerPoint Presentation PDF

UNIT 14: LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT RONCHIE D. SANTOS,RN,MAN,PHD  WHY IS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IMPORTANT? COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IS CRUCIAL FOR ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF COMMUNITIES, PARTICULARLY UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES. NURSES...

UNIT 14: LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT RONCHIE D. SANTOS,RN,MAN,PHD  WHY IS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IMPORTANT? COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IS CRUCIAL FOR ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF COMMUNITIES, PARTICULARLY UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES. NURSES SERVE AS LEADERS IN ORGANIZING AND IMPLEMENTING HEALTH INITIATIVES, OFTEN PARTNERING WITH LOCAL LEADERS, GOVERNMENT UNITS, AND NGOS TO FOSTER SUSTAINABLE HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS. LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO MAGLAYA (2010), COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES IN THE PHILIPPINES PLAY A UNIQUE LEADERSHIP ROLE IN MOBILIZING LOCAL RESOURCES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH GOALS. LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITY HEALTH REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF BOTH HEALTH PROMOTION AND ADVOCACY, AS WELL AS SKILLS IN COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND PARTNERSHIP BUILDING.  THE COMMUNITY AS A CLIENT COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS IS ORGANIZED PROCESS BY WHICH HEALTH PROFESSIONALS COLLECT, ANALYZE, AND INTERPRET DATA TO IDENTIFY THE HEALTH STATUS, NEEDS, AND RESOURCES OF A COMMUNITY. PURPOSE: THIS ALLOWS HEALTHCARE TEAMS TO DEVELOP TARGETED, EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE CULTURALLY RELEVANT AND ADDRESS SPECIFIC COMMUNITY ISSUES THE COMMUNITY AS A CLIENT TYPES OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS: COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSIS: A FULL ASSESSMENT COVERING ALL ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH. IT INCLUDES EVALUATING THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HEALTHCARE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE POPULATION. MAY BE DONE PERIODICALLY TO GAIN AN OVERALL PICTURE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND INFORM BROADER HEALTH PROGRAMS  TYPES OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS: PROBLEM-ORIENTED DIAGNOSIS: FOCUSES ON SPECIFIC HEALTH ISSUES IN RURAL AREAS. FOR EXAMPLE, IF TUBERCULOSIS IS PREVALENT IN A RURAL AREA, A PROBLEM-ORIENTED DIAGNOSIS WOULD CONCENTRATE ON UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THIS ISSUE, SUCH AS OVERCROWDED LIVING CONDITIONS OR LIMITED ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE  COMPONENTS OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS PEOPLE: THIS COMPONENT INVOLVES UNDERSTANDING: DEMOGRAPHICS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS CULTURAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES HEALTH BEHAVIORS EDUCATION LEVEL PLACE: THIS REFERS TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNITY HEALTH. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: INFRASTRUCTURE: HOUSING AND LIVING CONDITIONS:  COMPONENTS OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS SOCIAL STRUCTURE: THIS COMPONENT EXAMINES: COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE: LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS: SUPPORT SYSTEMS: VOLUNTEER AND ADVOCACY GROUPS: HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: ACCESSIBILITY: AFFORDABILITY: AVAILABILITY: QUALITY OF CARE: BARRIERS TO ACCESS:  PHASES OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 1. COLLECTION: TO GATHER COMPREHENSIVE DATA ON THE COMMUNITY. INCLUDES SURVEYS, INTERVIEWS, OBSERVATIONS, AND REVIEWS OF EXISTING RECORDS. THIS PHASE INVOLVES COLLECTING BOTH QUANTITATIVE DATA 2. ORGANIZING: TO SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGE COLLECTED DATA FOR EASY REFERENCE AND ANALYSIS. 3. SYNTHESIZING TO BRING TOGETHER AND SUMMARIZE ORGANIZED DATA TO FORM A COHERENT PICTURE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS. 4. ANALYZING: TO EXAMINE SYNTHESIZED DATA TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEMS AND UNDERLYING CAUSES. 5. INTERPRETATION: TO MAKE SENSE OF THE ANALYZED DATA AND DRAW CONCLUSIONS THAT CAN INFORM COMMUNITY HEALTH PLANNING  COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION DEFINED AS A PROCESS THAT INVOLVES THE COMMUNITY IN IDENTIFYING ITS HEALTH PROBLEMS, MOBILIZING ITS RESOURCES, AND TAKING COLLECTIVE ACTION TO IMPROVE THEIR WELL-BEING. IT EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVE PARTICIPATION, SELF-RELIANCE, AND COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAKING AMONG COMMUNITY MEMBERS.  COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION A. PREPARATORY PHASE: INCLUDES: AREA SELECTION, COMMUNITY PROFILING, ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITY AND INTEGRATION WITH THE PEOPLE. B. ORGANIZATIONAL PHASE: INCLUDES: SOCIAL PREPARATION, SPOTTING AND DEVELOPING POTENTIAL LEADERS, CORE GROUP FORMATION, SETTING UP THE COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION. C. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PHASE: CONDUCTING COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS, TRAINING OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH SERVICES AND MOBILIZATION. D. INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION PHASE INVOLVES WORKING WITH VARIOUS SECTORS LIKE GOVERNMENT, NGOS, AND BUSINESSES TO ADDRESS WIDER HEALTH DETERMINANTS SUCH AS EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENT, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. E. PHASE-OUT: THE COMMUNITY GRADUALLY TAKES OVER HEALTH PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, BECOMING SELF-SUSTAINING THROUGH LOCAL LEADERSHIP AND RESOURCES  HEALTH PROBLEMS THESE ARE BROAD CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY'S OVERALL WELL-BEING. CAN ENCOMPASS PHYSICAL AILMENTS (LIKE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES), SOCIAL ISSUES (SUCH AS MALNUTRITION), AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (LIKE INADEQUATE SANITATION). HEALTH PROBLEMS OFTEN EMERGE FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, SUCH AS LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS, ECONOMIC STATUS, AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS  COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION RECOGNIZES THE COMMUNITY AS THE CENTER OF HEALTH DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS. INVOLVES BUILDING THE COMMUNITY’S CAPACITY TO ASSESS, ADDRESS, AND MANAGE HEALTH NEEDS COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH EMPOWERS RESIDENTS TO ASSESS, PLAN, AND ADDRESS THEIR HEALTH NEEDS DIRECTLY. INTEGRATED APPROACH CONSIDERS MULTIPLE HEALTH DIMENSIONS: LIFESTYLE, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AND HEALTHCARE ACCESS. COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH ADDRESSES THE ROOT CAUSES OF HEALTH PROBLEMS BY FOCUSING ON SOCIAL DETERMINANTS (INCOME, EDUCATION, LIVING CONDITIONS  PROGRAMS FOR BASIC HEALTH SERVICES: 1. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAM PROVIDES CARE FOR MOTHERS AND CHILDREN, FOCUSING ON REDUCING MATERNAL AND INFANT MORTALITY RATES. SERVICES INCLUDE PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL CARE, IMMUNIZATIONS, AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT. NURSES ASSESS AND MONITOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, PROVIDE EDUCATION ON PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL CARE, ENCOURAGE BREASTFEEDING, AND ENSURE IMMUNIZATIONS ARE UP-TO-DATE. NURSES ALSO CONDUCT GROWTH MONITORING AND MANAGE COMMON ILLNESSES IN CHILDREN  PROGRAMS FOR BASIC HEALTH SERVICES: 2. FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM AIMS TO PROMOTE RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND PROVIDE FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, INCLUDING COUNSELING, CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION, AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION. NURSES EDUCATE COUPLES ON FAMILY PLANNING METHODS, PROVIDE COUNSELING ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, AND ASSIST IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONTRACEPTIVES. THEY ALSO OFFER SUPPORT FOR DECISION-MAKING REGARDING FAMILY PLANNING LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR BASIC HEALTH SERVICES: 3. MEDICAL CARE PROGRAM FOCUSES ON PROVIDING GENERAL MEDICAL SERVICES, ESPECIALLY IN UNDERSERVED AREAS, COVERING BOTH PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE SERVICES. NURSES OFFER DIRECT PATIENT CARE, CONDUCT HEALTH ASSESSMENTS, ADMINISTER MEDICATIONS, AND MONITOR PATIENTS' HEALTH CONDITIONS. THEY ALSO ASSIST IN CASE MANAGEMENT FOR CHRONIC ILLNESSES AND PROVIDE PATIENT EDUCATION ON DISEASE PREVENTION  PROGRAMS FOR BASIC HEALTH SERVICES: 4. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGRAM ENSURES SAFE WATER AND SANITATION TO PREVENT DISEASE SPREAD, FOCUSING ON PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL, SAFE WATER SOURCES, AND HYGIENE PROMOTION. NURSES PROMOTE HYGIENE AND SANITATION PRACTICES, EDUCATE THE COMMUNITY ON PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL, INSPECT WATER SOURCES, AND COLLABORATE WITH SANITATION OFFICERS TO ADDRESS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS  PROGRAMS FOR BASIC HEALTH SERVICES: 5. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM TARGETS THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NURSES PARTICIPATE IN DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, ADMINISTER VACCINES, AND EDUCATE THE COMMUNITY ABOUT DISEASE PREVENTION. THEY ALSO MANAGE CASES, FOLLOW UP ON TREATMENT ADHERENCE, AND ORGANIZE HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES TO REDUCE DISEASE TRANSMISSION  EXISTING GOVERNMENT AND NON- GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS UNANG YAKAP (FIRST EMBRACE), A CAMPAIGN OF THE PHILIPPINES’ DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH), IN COOPERATION WITH THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), TO ADOPT THE ESSENTIAL INTRAPARTUM NEWBORN CARE (EINC) IN THE PHILIPPINES. EINC IS A SERIES OF TIME-BOUND AND EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS FOR NEWBORN BABIES AND THEIR MOTHERS THAT ENSURE THE BEST CARE FOR THEM. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS EXPANDED PROGRAM OF IMMUNIZATION NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS PROGRAM FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM HIV/ AIDS/ STI PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM PHILIPPINE ACCELERATION ACTION PLAN FOR TUBERCULOSIS  CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF NETWORKING AND LINKAGE BUILDING NETWORKING: ESTABLISH CONNECTIONS BY EXCHANGING BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR GOALS, OBJECTIVES, SERVICES, AND RESOURCES. COORDINATION: ORGANIZATIONS BEGIN TO ALIGN THEIR ACTIVITIES TO SERVE THE COMMUNITY BETTER. COOPERATION: AT THIS STAGE, ORGANIZATIONS BEGIN TO SHARE BOTH INFORMATION AND RESOURCES, ADAPTING THEIR PLANS TO WORK TOGETHER MORE EFFECTIVELY.  CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF NETWORKING AND LINKAGE BUILDING COLLABORATION: ORGANIZATIONS WORK AS TRUE PARTNERS, ENHANCING EACH OTHER’S CAPACITIES TO MEET COMMON GOALS. COALITION OR MULTI-SECTOR COLLABORATION: THIS IS THE MOST ADVANCED LEVEL OF RELATIONSHIP, WHERE ORGANIZATIONS AND CITIZENS COME TOGETHER TO CREATE LARGE-SCALE COMMUNITY-WIDE INITIATIVES. EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS AND SERVICES EVALUATION IS THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING WHETHER A PROGRAM OR SERVICE HAS ACHIEVED ITS INTENDED PURPOSE. THIS PHASE IDENTIFIES THE SPECIFIC INPUT, PROCESS, AND OUTPUT/OUTCOME INDICATORS, ALONG WITH THE CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR EACH. ****THE NURSE OBSERVES THE PROGRAM'S PERFORMANCE AND COMPARES IT TO ESTABLISHED CRITERIA OR STANDARDS. EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS AND SERVICES EVALUATIONS TYPICALLY FOCUS ON THREE ASPECTS OF A PROGRAM: PROCESS EVALUATION: ASSESSES THE PROGRAM'S ACTIVITIES, QUALITY, AND REACH. IMPACT EVALUATION: MEASURES IMMEDIATE EFFECTS TO DETERMINE IF OBJECTIVES WERE MET. OUTCOME EVALUATION: EVALUATES LONG-TERM EFFECTS TO ASSESS IF THE PROGRAM'S GOALS WERE ACHIEVED LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS THE VITAL ROLE OF NURSES IN ASSESSING COMMUNITY NEEDS, ENGAGING THE PUBLIC, COORDINATING RESOURCES, AND EVALUATING HEALTH OUTCOMES