Design Thinking Intro PDF

Design Thinking Dr. Vinayak Kalluri  Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success...

Design Thinking Dr. Vinayak Kalluri  Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success. What is —TIM BROWN, IDEO Design A human-centered innovation process that Thinking emphasizes observation, collaboration, fast learning, visualization of ideas, rapid concept prototyping, and concurrent business analysis. -LOCKWOOD What is Design Thinking Human Possibility Centered Driven Design thinking is a mindset and approach to problem-solving and innovation anchored Options iterative around human-centered design Focused Design Thinking Frameworks  Three Lenses of Innovation The End Goal of Design Thinking: Be Desirable, Feasible and Viable  Three Lenses of Innovation (is it technically possible to build the solution?) (what do people desire?) (Is it a profitable solution?) Teams begin with desirability and then bring in the other two lenses.  Head, Heart and Hand by the American Institution of Graphic Arts (AIGA) Integrates the intellectual, emotional, and practical aspects of the creative process.  Head: symbolizes the intellectual component of creative thinking. Head, Heart The team emphasizes strategic thinking, problem-solving, and the cognitive elements of design. This process involves and Hand by research and analytical reasoning to ensure design decisions are intentional and well-informed the Heart: symbolizes the emotional aspect and empathy. American It highlights empathy, passion, and a human-centered approach, which is essential for understanding users' needs, Institution desires, and experiences. This ensures that designs connect on a deeper and more personal level. of Graphic Hand: symbolizes performing the practical execution of ideas. Arts (AIGA) This step requires you to convert creative ideas into feasible solutions. This also requires tools and techniques to execute ideas. The Five Stages of Design Thinking The Five Stages of Design Thinking The team focuses on understanding the Stage 1: problem by researching what users need. Empathize— Empathy is important because it helps designers put aside their own assumptions Understand Users' and really see things from the users' Needs perspective. Stage 2: Define— After gathering information, the team analyzes Clarify Users' it to clearly define the main problems. These are known as problem statements. They might Needs and also create user personas to keep their work Problems focused on real people. With a clear understanding of the problem the Stage 3: Ideate— team brainstorms creative ideas to solve it. They Generate Ideas think of different ways to approach the problem and come up with innovative solutions. The Five Stages of Design ThinkingThis stage is about experimenting. The team creates simple, low-cost Stage 4: Prototype— versions of the product (or parts of Develop Solutions it) to explore different ideas. These prototypes can be as basic as sketches on paper. The team tests these prototypes with actual users to see if they effectively solve the problem. The Stage 5: Test—Evaluate feedback might lead them to the Solutions refine the prototype or even revisit earlier stages to rethink the problem. These stages are different parts of the overall design process, not strict steps to follow in order. The main goal is to deeply understand users and create the best solution for them. The Five Stages of Design Thinking Inspire, Ideate, Implement by IDEO Focuses on immersing in the users' Builds on insights from the first stage, world, understanding their needs and this phase identifies the core behaviors through observations, problem. Brainstorm various ideas to feedback, and interviews. develop innovative solutions that address the issue. creative ideas are transformed into multiple prototypes. It involves continuous testing and refining based on user feedback to reach the optimal solution. Stanford D School Vs IDEO The Double Diamond by the Design Council Discover. The first diamond helps people Define. The insight The double diamond model, understand, rather than gathered from the as the name implies, simply assume, what the problem is. It involves discovery phase can help you to define the features two diamonds— speaking to and spending challenge in a different one representing the time with people who are affected by the issues. way. problem space and the Develop. The second other the solution space. diamond encourages Deliver. Delivery involves These diamonds symbolize people to give different answers to the clearly testing out different the alternating phases of defined problem, seeking solutions at small-scale, rejecting those that will divergence and convergence inspiration from elsewhere and co- not work and improving throughout the process designing with a range of the ones that will. different people. The Double Diamond by the Design Council The design principles Put people first. Start with an understanding of the people using a service, their needs, strengths and aspirations. Communicate visually and inclusively. Help people gain a shared understanding of the problem and ideas. Collaborate and co-create. Work together and get inspired by what others are doing. Iterate, iterate, iterate. Do this to spot errors early, avoid risk and build confidence in your ideas. The methods bank Explore: challenges, needs and opportunities Shape: prototypes, insights and visions Build: ideas, plans and expertise Plattner et al. (2009) Design Thinking process consists of six process steps with iteration loops: Understanding, observing, defining problems, finding ideas, developing prototypes and testing. The initial three phases, the so-called problem space , describe the problem and its causes (what is the problem and why is the problem there?). The subsequent three phases, the so-called solution space, describe which solutions there can be and how these can be implemented.  Plattner et al. (2009) Phase 1 “Understand“ (Understanding the Problem): In the first phase it is first about developing an understanding for the challenge/the problem/the need or the requirement (problem understanding). It must be clarified who has to be integrated into the process and, in particular, which technical perspective (process organisation) is necessary Finally, it must be clarified how the question can best be formulated so that the customer need/problem is defined in concrete terms. Phase 2 “Observe“: In this phase, detailed research and on-site observations are carried out on the customer’s need/problem. Numerous methods can be used for this, such as interviews, written surveys, observations with recordings through photos or even videos. The results are the clarification of the general conditions, the exact definition of the target group and a comprehensive understanding of the customer and his needs and behaviour. Phase 3 “Point-of-View“ (Define the problem): After the observations, the findings should next be condensed to a single prototypical user whose problem/need is to be summarized in a clearly defined question. Phase 4 “Ideate“ (Finding and selecting ideas): It is only in this phase that the actual brainstorming process takes place. Here the creativity techniques mentioned in chapter 5.3 can be used. Strictly separated from this, the ideas can then be analysed in a customer-oriented manner in order to identify weak points, and a selection decision can be made on the basis of an idea evaluation. Phase 5 „Prototype“ (Develop the prototype): In this very important phase, ideas should be visualized as quickly as possible, made tangible, sketched, designed, modelled/simulated, etc. Following the technical field one can speak here of "Rapid Prototyping", whereby the prototype development applies decidedly not only to products, but also to services. A variety of methods for prototype development are available for this purpose. Phase 6 “Test“: In this final phase, the ideas are to be further developed and tested through further experiments and customer feedback. In addition, important development, production and market issues have to be clarified. Process of Design Thinking supplemented with the Double-Diamond model Source: Plattner/Meinel/Weinber g (2009), Lindberg et al. (2010) and Design Council UK (2005) Steps to Design for Growth Common Elements of Design Thinking Start with empathy. Frameworks Focus on the people to come up with solutions that work best for individuals, business, and society. Reframe the problem or challenge at hand. Don’t rush into a solution. Explore the problem space and look at the issue through multiple perspectives to gain a more holistic, nuanced understanding. Initially, employ a divergent style of thinking (analyze). In the problem space, gather as many insights as possible. In the solution space, encourage team members to generate and explore as many solutions as possible in an open, judgment-free ideation space. Later, employ a convergent style of thinking (synthesize). In the problem space, synthesize all data points to define the problem. In the solution space, whittle down all the ideas—isolate, combine and refine potential solutions to create more mature ideas. Create and test prototypes. Solutions that make it through the previous stages get tested further to remove potential issues. Iterate. As the team progresses through the various stages, they revisit different stages and may redefine the challenge based on new insights. Design thinking is a non-linear process  Principles of Design Thinking 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Leave Encourage Go for Build on Think Be visual Avoid Fail Stay Let`s titles at wild ideas quantity Ideas of human and criticism early focused have the door others centered make it and fun tangible often  Principles of Design Thinking ð Leave titles at the door! (No hierarchy during a Design Thinking workshop. Chef and other rolls are hung on the coat hook.) ð Encourage wild ideas! (Let your imagination run wild. Any (supposedly) crazy idea and every idea should be treated equally.) ð Go for quantity! (Quantity before quality. Selected, analyzed and evaluated later.) ð Build on Ideas of others! (There is no copyright. Ideas from others should be taken up, supplemented or changed.) ð Think human centered! (Design Thinking is first and foremost thinking about people and not about technology or business goals.) ð Be visual and make it tangible! (Use drawings, illustrations, photos, videos, prototypes, etc. ) ð Avoid criticism! (Idea generation and evaluation must be strictly separated.) ð Fail early and often! (Failure means learning. Often failure means that you have learned a lot.) ð Stay focused! (Set yourself limits, stick to the concrete tasks in the Design Thinking process) ð Let`s have fun! (Developing new ideas in a team should be fun. Creativity needs this fun.)  Interview for empathy Testing sheet Frequently used “How might we...” Brainstorming kinds of Explorative interview question Feedback capture grid 2x2 Matrix prototypes Ask 5x why Storytelling 6 hat method Powerful questions in Exploration map experience testing 5W+H questions Context mapping 6-3-5 Method Prototype to test Solution interview Empathy map Define success Special Service blueprint brainstorming Structured usability Customer journey map Vision cone testing Minimum Viable Story boarding Critical items Analogies & Product benchmarking as A/B Testing Focus groups diagram (MVP)Test inspiration Articulated use method NABC (need, approach, benefit, competition) Blue ocean tool & buyer utility map Design Thinking Tools Problem/Project & Team based Evaluation Task Weightage Problem/Project Statement 5% Empathy Report 5% Define Report 5% Quiz-1 10% Ideation Report 10% MID TERM PEER REVIEW 10% Prototype Report 5% Quiz-2 10% Class Participation 10% Final Report & Evaluation 30% What is a Team? A team may be defined as two or more persons engaged in a common goal, who are dependent on one another for results, and who have joint accountability for the outcomes.  PRIDE Principle of Teams Purpose (common purpose and goal) Respect (mutual respect, trust, and support) Individuals (respect and productively utilize individual differences) Discussions (Exercise open, honest and frequent discussions) Excellence (strive for excellence in all actions)  Problem Statement Template Problem statements generally follow a consistent structure, though their length may vary depending on the issue's complexity. Below is a basic template to guide you in crafting your problem statement: Problem: Define the problem clearly and concisely in one sentence. Background: Provide evidence and context to explain and elaborate on the problem. Relevance: Discuss why the problem is significant and why it needs to be addressed. Objectives: Conclude by proposing potential solutions based on your research and understanding. Problem Statement: five w's and one H What? Define the problem. Why? Reason for the problem's occurrence. When? When the problem began or was first noticed. Where? Place of the problem's occurrence or sighting. Who? The person or thing that the problem affects. How? The sequence of events that resulted in the problem. Task Time Switch Off your mobile and laptop Sheet of paper with Circles. Turn as many of the blank circles as possible into recognizable objects in three minutes Example: