History Of Civil Engineering PDF

THE HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Altamira, Richdale C. Angeles, Nhadine A. Arellano, John Kenneth Asia, Jude Vincent C. CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for the design, development and maintenance of both the constructed and the naturally...

THE HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Altamira, Richdale C. Angeles, Nhadine A. Arellano, John Kenneth Asia, Jude Vincent C. CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for the design, development and maintenance of both the constructed and the naturally built environment. This career work in all aspects of planning, designing, and constructing or repairing a building or infrastructure project such as facilities, bridges, roads, tunnels, and water and sewage systems to ensure that structures and systems are assembled correctly. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering has existed for centuries, tracing back from the earliest civilizations although the actual beginning and history of emergence of civil engineering is difficult to determine. It has been an integral part of human history. Men used to take shelter in caves from the harmful environment and harsh weathers, crossed rivers using tree barks, which demonstrated an ancient civil engineering.  ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING Between 4000-2000 Ancient BCE Egypt and PeopleMesopotamia started building permanent shelters using clay blocks or mud bricks. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/340936634290493110/ https://www.britannica.com/art/Mesopotamian-ar  ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING Between 4000-2000 Ancient BCE Egypt and DevelopmentMesopotamia of wheels and sailing as the increasing importance of transportation https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/world-not-flat-0010733 https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/mesopotamia-wheel ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING Circa 2700-2500 Pyramids BCE The first instances of large structure constructions https://www.livescience.com/22621-pyramids-giza-sphinx.html ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING 2550 The BC Stepped Pyramid of Djoser Imhotep, the first documented engineer, built a famous stepped pyramid for King Djoser. He discovered the art of building with shaped stones. https://sailingstonetravel.com/stepping-inside-the-step-pyramid-of-djoser/ ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING 600 Hanging BC Garden of Babylon https://www.dreamstime.com/saddam-hussein-s-palace-babylon-iraq-city-image145719657  ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING 447-438 Parthenon by Iktinos BC 312 BC Appian Way by Roman Engineers http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/parthenon.html http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/parthenon.html ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING Ancient civilizations used simple tools and techniques to construct impressive structures that still stands until today. These achievement laid as the foundation of the development of civil engineering. In 1AD, a book called Vitruvius’ De Archiectura was published in Rome written by the Roman architect Vitruvius. The book served as a guide for building projects of his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, and give us a look at ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS & CIVIL ENGINEERING One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes’ screw. Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, for MIDDLE AGES & CIVIL ENGINEERING The middle ages witnessed a great advancements in civil engineering especially in structural techniques which showed construction of castles and fortifications, and introduction of watermills and windmills. Developments of new transportation methods was also introduced such as canals and waterways for transport of goods and people over long distances, and roads and bridges which lead to increase of trade and communication between regions.  MIDDLE AGES & CIVIL ENGINEERING 1180 Notre Dame de Paris 1450 Machu Picchu http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/parthenon.html http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/parthenon.html  MIDDLE AGES & CIVIL ENGINEERING 1357 Windmill Charle’s Bridge https://www.falkensteiner.com/en/charles-bridge https://www.shutterstock.com/search/medieval-mill INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & CIVIL ENGINEERING A major turning point happened in the history of civil engineering happened during this period. It underwent major transformation in using iron or steel in construction which lead to construction of larger and stronger structures. Numerous development in construction techniques, materials, and engineering discipline also occurred.  INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & CIVIL ENGINEERING Railways The Iron Bridge https://www.essentially-england.com/iron-bridge.html https://www.shutterstock.com/search/medieval-mill MODERN CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering, in the 21st century, has become a vital part of the modern life. Today, the field has developed new construction methods such as prefabricated components, new technologies like steel-formed buildings, and new techniques such as prestressed concrete. This period got the most magnificent structures with good design from ancient times.  MODERN CIVIL ENGINEERING Vidhana Soudha Pamban Bridge https://www.hotelrameswaramgrand.com/the-pamban-bridge-an-architectural-marvel/ https://www.viator.com/en-IN/Bangalore-attractions/Vidhana-Soudha/overview/d5310-a11681  MODERN CIVIL ENGINEERING Panama Canal Burj Khalifa https://www.feedstuffs.com/agribusiness-news/u-s-ag-exporters-keeping-eye-on-panama-canal-backlog https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3 EDUCATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY 18th Century The term civil engineering was coined This was to incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military engineering. 1747 The first engineering school opened National School of Bridges and Highways, France 1771 Formation of Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers John Smeaton, the first self-proclaimed civil engineer, and some of his colleagues formed the society. It is a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. 1818 Founded the Institution of Civil Engineers ICM is the world’s first engineering society which was founded in London. 1820 Thomas Telford became the ICM’s first president 1828 Civil Engineering was formally recognized as a profession The institution received a Royal Charter which defined civil engineering as: “Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub- disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, material science, geography, geology, soil, hydrology, 1835 The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1905 Nora Stanton Blatch was the first woman engineer The first such degree to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch. MAJOR DISCIPLINES WITHIN CIVIL ENGINEERING Geotechnical Engineering Transportation Engineering Environmental Engineering Water Resources Engineering Construction Engineering Structural Engineering GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING It is the study of the behavior of soils under the influence of loading forces and soil-water interactions. Design of Foundation Retaining Walls Dams Clay Liner Waste Containment TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING It is a branch of civil engineering that involves the planning, design, operation, and maintenance of transportation systems to help build smart, safe, and livable communities. Advance Pavement Design Automated Highway System Traffic Monitoring System Bridge Bearings Stability ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING It is a professional discipline concerned with protecting community from adverse environmental effects as well as protecting ecosystems and improving the quality of the environment. Green Building Biofiltration System Waste Management Renewable Energy WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING It is the study and management of equipment, facilities and techniques that are used to manage and preserve life’s most plentiful resource. Groundwater Analysis Waste Water Treatment Flood Control CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING A construction engineer is a type of civil engineer tasked oversight the design and construction of large building projects and works closely with architects and structural engineers to interpret building design plans and ensure that the project meets certain safety requirements. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING It is a subset of civil engineering , focusing on the “bones and muscles” of man-made structures. Structural engineers are also responsible for calculating the strength and stability of load-bearing structures to withstand earthquakes, wind, and other natural disasters. REFERENCES https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/ https://sailingstonetravel.com/stepping-inside-the-step- civil-engineers.htm pyramid-of-djoser/ https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/ https://www.dreamstime.com/saddam-hussein-s-palace- what-is-civil-engineering babylon-iraq-city-image145719657 https://www.vistaprojects.com/what-is-structural- http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/ engineering/ politics/parthenon.html https://www.ohio.edu/engineering/civil/academics/ http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/ graduate-programs/master-science-civil-engineering- politics/parthenon.html online/resources/what-is-construction-engineering http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/ https://engineeringonline.ucr.edu/blog/what-is-water- politics/parthenon.html resources-engineering/ http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/ https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/ politics/parthenon.html environmental-engineering https://www.falkensteiner.com/en/charles-bridge https://online.egr.msu.edu/articles/what-is- https://www.shutterstock.com/search/medieval-mill transportation-engineering/ https://www.essentially-england.com/iron-bridge.html https://www.mcgill.ca/civil/undergrad/areas/geotechnical https://www.shutterstock.com/search/medieval-mill https://skill-lync.com/blogs/the-history-and-evolution-of- https://www.hotelrameswaramgrand.com/the-pamban- civil-engineering-from-ancient-civilizations-to-modern- bridge-an-architectural-marvel/ times https://www.viator.com/en-IN/Bangalore-attractions/ Vidhana-Soudha/overview/d5310-a11681 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/340936634290493110/ https://www.feedstuffs.com/agribusiness-news/u-s-ag- https://www.britannica.com/art/Mesopotamian-art exporters-keeping-eye-on-panama-canal-backlog https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-important- https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3 events/world-not-flat-0010733 https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/mesopotamia-wheel THE HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Altamira, Richdale C. Angeles, Nhadine A. Arellano, John Kenneth Asia, Jude Vincent C.