CPAR-Chapter-2.1 PDF - Philippine Arts History

Objectives: Identify the period in the history of the Philippines which greatly influenced Philippine Art and Culture Understand how history impacts a nation’s life and culture Analyze the art works and contributions of early Filipinos to Philippine culture and society Questions: 1. What c...

Objectives: Identify the period in the history of the Philippines which greatly influenced Philippine Art and Culture Understand how history impacts a nation’s life and culture Analyze the art works and contributions of early Filipinos to Philippine culture and society Questions: 1. What can you say about the video? 2. Does the colonization greatly influence the Philippine Art and Culture? If your answer is Yes, please explain. Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) These are reflections by which the natives of these islands have expressed their culture and civilization. Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) LITERATURE Our pre-colonial, ethnic literature is a rich repository of ideals and cultural practices evident in folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals as well as dances that show our ties with our southeast Asian neighbors Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Folk Speeches These are riddles which has the ‘talinghaga’ or metaphor. Tigmo in Cebuano Bugtong in Tagalog Paktakon in Ilongo Patototdon in Bicol Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Proverb or Aphorisms These encapsulate the rules of conduct and community beliefs which instill value through short verses with rhyme that is full of wisdom Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Proverb or Aphorisms Tanaga, which has insights and lessons on life according to experiences From Panay are the basahanon Daraida from Bukidnon Daragilon from Panay Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Folk Song This is folk lyric expressing the relationships, lessons about aspirations of people in the community. Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Folk Song Ida-ida from Maguindanao Tulang pambata from the Tagalog region Cansiones para abbing from among the Ibanag Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Folk Song Lullabyes or ili-ili from Iloilo Harana or serenade from Cebu Ambahan among Mangyans Kalusan from Ivatan Soliranin from tagalog Mambayu – kalinga rice pounding song Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Folk Narratives These are epics and folk tales such as legends which explains the origin of the world, places, animals and other creations. Examples are Fables and epics Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Fables Monkey and the Turtle Epics Darangen from Maranao Hudhud from Ifugao Ulahingan from Manobo Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Most prominent Epics Bi-ag ni Lam-ang from Ilocanos Darangen from Maranao Hinilawod from the Sulo Kudaman from Palawan Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Visual Art Pottery This one of the most ancient arts during the pre-colonial Philippines. The Manunggul Jar which was excavated in Palawan during the 8 century BC and th reflects a high degree of artistry. Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) This huge burial jar has a cover with two men rowing a boat revealing belief in the afterlife. Its design is geometric with nature motifs Pottery can be broadly divided into earthenware, porcelain, and stoneware. Other types of pottery made during the Pre-Colonial Period ⮚ Palayok – used for cooking food. ⮚ Tapayan – used for storing food. ⮚ Banga – used for storing water. Pre-Colonial Arts (890 B.C. – 255 A.D.) Sculpture Carving in the Cordilleras focus on the Anito figures called “Bulul”, which they believe has their ancestral spirits and gods.  Balul-also known as bul-ul or tinagtaggu, is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by the Ifugao (and their sub-tribe Kalanguya) peoples of northern Luzon Hagabi -are traditionally large ceremonial benches carved for wealthy Ifugao families as a symbol of wealth, power and prestige.  Sarimanok -is a legendary bird of the Maranao people who originate from Mindanao, a major island in the Philippines. Panolong - is a house ornament fashioned by the Maranao people. It is a carved beam that protrudes in the front of the house and styled with okir motif. C. Weaving - the craft or action of forming fabric by interlacing threads. Two types of Weaving during the Pre-Colonial Period 1. Textile Weaving - is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Examples of Textile Weaving ⮚ Malong - is a traditional Filipino rectangular or tube-like wraparound skirt bearing a variety of geometric or okir designs.. ⮚ Pis Siyabit - is the traditional cloth tapestry made from cotton or silk worn as a head covering by the Tausug of SULU. ⮚ Langkit - is a traditional weave of the Maranaos made through a backstrap loom. The weave pattern is usually found in the malong - a cultural attire which can be used for both special occasions and everyday wear. 2. Product Weaving - majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Examples of Product Weaving ⮚ Head Sling Basket ⮚ Bubo ⮚ Tepo Mats D. Body Ornaments - involves decorating the body by wearing specific clothing, jewelry, headdresses, body paints, tattoos, body piercings, brandings, scarifications, or cicatrizations. ⮚ Upper class Tagalog - gold jewelry (ex. Ling-ling-o from Cordillera it signifies fertility) ⮚ Visayans – tattoo E. Metalworks - factory where metal castings are produced. Lotoans or betel nut boxes are made of brass or bronze (Maranao of Lanao del Sur) Lost Wax or Cire Perdue - metal casting, moulds filled with liquefied metal, hardens Other vessels - brass kendi and the gadur are used as a status symbols or as heirloom pieces. DANCE These are performed during special occasions such as birth, baptism, circumcision, puberty rites, courtship, weddings, during illness and death. Tribal activities also require such art and include hunting, fishing, rice planting, harvest time and engagement in tribal wars. Native Dances Pangalay Dance (Badjaos of Sulu Archipelago) - The Panglay, a dance native to the Badjaos meant to highlight the power of the upper body, is executed through the rhythmic bounce of the shoulder while simultaneously waving the arms. Most times, this dance is performed in social gatherings like weddings. Banog-Banog Dance (Mandayas kinabua of Mindanao) - is a hawk dance is usually performed by the healed patients of the babaylan (priest) and sometimes on social occasions. Man-manok Dance (Bagobos of Mindanao) - Manmanok is a dance that dramatizes three roosters from the Bago Tribe who compete against one another to be able to get the attention of a hen, Lady Lien. Talip Dance (Ifugaos) - is a dance done after a courtship dance. The man lures a woman with an attractive blanket to place on her shapely shoulders, the Ifugao celebrate the intaneg or wedding with the festival dance called dinnuyya. Kadal iwas Dance (T’bolis of Mindanao) - is a dance of the T-boli which features “monkeys” romping around covered with dried banana leaves; and the langka baluang of the Tausug. Tinikling (Leyte) - The tinikling is named after the tikling bird. The dancers imitate the bird's flight in grace and speed as they play and chase each other, run over tree branches or dodge farmer's traps. MUSIC  Tausug – Kulintang Bukidnon – Palendag Manobo Tribe – Kudlong Kulintang Kalinga Tribe -Paldong  Mindoro – Gitgit Gangsa THEATER Before the Spanish period, the early forms of the Philippine drama were the duplo and the karagatan. ⮚ Duplo was a poetical debate held by trained men and women in the ninth night, the last night of the mourning period for the dead. ⮚ Bellacos are male participants, they are the heads of the games. ⮚ Karagatan – was also a poetical debate like the duplo, but its participants were amateurs. ⮚ Both were held in the homes. Architecture, Design, and Allied Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the main form of dwelling for a family in the Philippines was the nipa hut a single room house composed of wood, bamboo or other native materials. Islamic Art (15 th Century to Present) Islamic art place emphasis on creating an artform that is built on the beauty and respect for the teachings of Islam. Islamic art is characterized by designs of flowers, plant forms and geometric designs. I Architecture, design, and allied arts Mosques in the Philippines have a common architectural feature that is similar with its Southeast Asian neighbors. It is made of light materials such as wood, bamboo and cogon grass and was used in the building of the early types of mosques but these light materials did not last long. VISUAL ARTS A. Ornaments Philippine Muslim homes represents their identity therefore Islamic art is seen in their houses. Graphic ARTS clothing reflects the style and colours of their ethnic background. A design related to Islam thatis used in the Philippines is the batik cloth design. Arabic hand writing LITERATURE Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah). Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) The coming of the Spanish Conquistador marked the beginning of cultural transformation through the use of the ‘Sword and the Cross’. Divide the rule was implemented through force to subjugate the native dwellers of these islands. LITERATURE Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Writing System Spanish colonization brought with it printing technology in the form of catechism. An example was the poems called Dalit. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Poetry The Pasyon on the other hand is primarily a Religious narrative poetry which recounts the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Poetry Another prominent secular poetry is the metrical romance known as the awit and korido which are colorful tales of chivalry from Europe. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Prose Religious narrative prose consists of those written to prescribe proper behavior Manual de Urbanidad -conduct book which contains prescriptions on social propriety in the form of proverbs, maxims, dialogues, and short illustrative tales of devout behavior. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Prose Modesto de Castro’s (Pagsusulatan nang Dalauang Binibini na si Urbana ani Feliza) in 1864 shows how a Dialogo or Dialogue shows how behavior can learned through an exchange of insights. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Print Making Reprographic art of printmaking is brought as early as the 16th century which is a technique of xylography or woodcut printing. Doctrina Christiana (The Teachings of Christianity) Printed in 1593 in Spanish and in Tagalog compiling song lyrics, commandments, sacraments, and other catechetical material. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) VISUAL ARTS A. Paintings The focus of painting during Spanish rule were the religious icons, saints and religious scenes were evident in the stone walls and ceilings of the churches, monasteries, schools, chapels, conventos or Friar residences. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) VISUAL ARTS The most prominent of the Filipino artist during this times is Juan Luna on his ‘Spolarium’ and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo on his ‘Christian Virgins exposed to the Populace’ which won at the 1884 in the Madrid Exposition. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Sculpture and Ornamentation The friars brought the Western models for our local artists to copy which are most likely made from either ivory or wood and portrays classical and baroque models. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Sculpture and Ornamentation Stone carving in Miag-ao Church Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Printing This was done through the xylographic method using woodblocks and the Spaniards have published the first book , the Doctrina Christiana en lengua Española y tagala (Christian Doctrine in the Spanish and Tagalog Language) the Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua Chine ( the Christian Doctrine in the Chines Script and language) and the Apologia por la Verdadera Religion(In Defense of the True Religion) published by the Dominican order in 1593 Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Music Western musical instruments like the pipe organ, the violin, the guitar, and the piano give a very new European flavor with new rhythms, melodies and musical forms. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) DanceAs the galleon trade between Mexico and the Philippines brought Mexican influences Cariñosa, Pandanggo or Fandango, Polka, Dansa, and the Rigodon and European influence like Habañera, Jota, and Tango dances from Spain. Hispanic Conquest Spanish Era (1521 – 1898) Theaters the galleon trade between Mexico and Zarzuela or Sarsuwels in the 19th century is a singing and dancing - prose dialogue which the story is carried out in sonin. Another one is Senakulo Christ’s suffering in metaphor to the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) The coming of the Americans marked profound changes in Philippine Arts as the introduction of public education brought forth literacy and the further Westernization of the Filipinos. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Literature The development of the free verse, modern short story and the critical essay which were written in English. the galleon trade between Mexico brought AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Literature The University of the Philippines became the center of modern writing through the Colloge Folio and the Literary Apprentice, Jose Garcia Villa, a National Artist posited his idea “ Art for art’s sake” which inspired Filipino writer to use the vernacular or native languages published in the Liwayway and bisaya, Hiligaynon and Bannawag AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Literature the galleon trade between Lingua franca in English, poems and stories from books in classroom to facilitate teaching of the English through public school system, which the Americans had bIn 1915, Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo authored “Modern A Filipina” which first Filipino play written in English. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Free Verseth This became a hallmark of modern poetry through the writing of ‘Like the Molave’ by Rafael Zulueta da Costain.e galleon trade between AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Filipino Novels Realist tradition was promoted by Lope K. Santos through the ‘Banaag at Sikat in 1906. Though the Filipino novel in English was scarce enriched Philippine literature through free verse and literary criticism e galleon trade between AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Essays Were formal, informal and even humorous as promoted by the likes of Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge Bocobo etc. These essays embarked on the social, political and economic realities of those times.galleon trade between AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Theater the galleon trade between Vaudeville (originated from France) form of theater during the 1920s. Motley collection of songs, dances, slapstick comedy skits, chorus girls, magic acts, acrobatics, and stand-up comic acts which is locally called bodabil. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Theater the galleon trade between There were Filipinos who used these realities to create on playwrights that focuses on the problems of the individual and the society. The likes of Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero’s “Three Rats” in 1948 and Nick Joaquin’s ‘ A Portrait of the Arts as Filipino in 1955. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Visual Art the galleon trade between 1909, a year after establishment of the University of the Philippines, School of Fine Arts was opened and the course on commercial design aforementioned had in- demands. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Visual Art the galleon trade between Fernando Amorsolo became a professor in the UP School of Fine Arts, which students pertained to as “Amorsolo School” ⮚ Guillermo Tolentino, on the other hand, in sculpture studied Fine Arts in Rome being influenced by the classical tradition. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Visual Art-Sculpture He made the Oblation (1935, original/1958, bronze cast found at the UP-Oblation Plaza) Bonifacio Monument, 1933 in Caloocan. ⮚ Landscape Portrait and Still Life Paintings AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Visual Art – Painting Modernism was introduce by Amorsolo and Edades in this form of art, the first Filipino painters who have captured bright sparkling colors and the bursting sunlight in their artworks. AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Visual Art – Painting Victorio Edades painted those that depict people in sweat and grime working. The figures were distorted and naked. His works were considered the first ever modernist painting during his time. Fernando Amorsolo Victorio Edades AMERICAN Colonization American Era (1898 - 1940) Architecture the galleon trade between Neo-classic and art deco architecture are integrated in City Planning, Public Works, Structures and Infrastructures to make the place attractive, impressive and places for leisure amid urban blight. Manila’s Neo-classic architecture examples are: Post Office and the Legislative Building National Art Gallery japanese Era (1941-1945) It was during the Japanese occupation that Filipino literature was given a chance to flourish specifically in the form of literary works. japanese Era (1941-1945) Poetry In poetry, the usual theme was about love of the country, rural life, religion and arts. The most common were the Haiku which a poem of free verse. japanese Era (1941-1945) Poetry Similar to this is the Tanaga that is short but with rhyme and measure. japanese Era (1941-1945) Short Story Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Liwayway Arceo, NVM Gonzales and Gloria Guzman wrote the best short stories which gave rise to Narciso Reyes’ Lupang Tinubuan; Liwayway Arceo’s Uhaw and Tigang na Lupa japanese Era (1941-1945) Short Story NVM Gonzales’ Lunsod, Nayon at Dagat- Dagatan. japanese Era (1941-1945) The Drama Dramatic Philippines was established by Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, and Narciso Pimentel. japanese Era (1941-1945) Music Japanese music was imposed and heard in radio broadcasts. These were also taught in public schools despite inattention of the Filipino students. japanese Era (1941-1945) The Japanese government held lectures on Oriental Music to allow appreciation of Asian and not Western Music. Opera and in general classical music flourished during these times which gave rise to the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra comprised largely of Filipinos. japanese Era (1941-1945) More on modern painting especially with the rise of Victorio C. Edades, Carlos V. Francisco also known as ‘Botong Francsico’ and Galo B. Ocampo. Botong’ Art was depicted through fluid lines and brilliant colors such as the ‘First Mass at Limasawa’ while Ocampo’s ‘Flagellants’ which fused the figures of penitence and Lent with images of the war. japanese Era (1941-1945) Sculpture Luz and Eduardo Castrillo created large-scale outdoor sculptures while others produced abstract, minimalist and geometric sculptures. Local materials were used such as burlap and coconut shell. Post war/modern era (1946-1969) Visual ArtPaintings and Sculpture ⮚ Modern, Conservative, Abstract, Experimental and Public Art ARCHITECTURE Real Estate, Safe Housing, Condominiums, Subdivision, Villages, Malls, Commercial/Business/Convention Buildings Focus Question: How does Art affect our daily lives as a student and as a person? Let us Feel… Good Job! You have accomplished the lesson. Let us see if you can assess the conditions during the colonization of the country. ( write it in your activity notebook) Direction: Step 1. Research on any visual art work during Japanese Colonization of the Philippines Step 2. Write an essay about how that particular art work reflect the condition of the people during that time. Peformance Task 2 -Activity: Evolution of Philippine Art Timeline ( to be done in classroom GROUP ACTIVITY Materials: Large sheet of paper or whiteboard Markers or pens Printouts or images of various Philippine art periods (e.g., pre-colonial, Spanish, American, contemporary) Printed images about key characteristics, artists, movements, and artworks from their period.