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A C R P Contemp o rary Philippine Art of the Region NOTES Precious Diana B. Padernal 12 - STEM B Eugene Dantes SUBJECT TEACHER  3 Major Traditions of Philippine Arts: Lesson 1 E...

A C R P Contemp o rary Philippine Art of the Region NOTES Precious Diana B. Padernal 12 - STEM B Eugene Dantes SUBJECT TEACHER  3 Major Traditions of Philippine Arts: Lesson 1 Ethnic Traditions Spanish Colonial Tradition Arts in the Philippines American Colonial and Contemporary Art Ethnic Traditions Art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016) In this time, the purpose of arts is integral to life. Arts reflected the pagan beliefs and practices, everyday activity such as fishing and farming, and specific decorative art pattern to the community. Angono Petroglyphs Situated in Binangonan, Rizal Discovered by the National Artist, Carlos “Botong” Francisco, in 1965. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall. Dated back to circa late Neolithic. Manuggul Jar Found in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in the early 1960s. Manunggul jar is a burial jar which signifies the belief of early Filipino in life after death. Banga Literally means pots. It is dance performance of Kalinga of the Mountain Province of the Philippines. This dance shows the elegant grace of Igorot tribe and the skill and strength of women. Spanish Colonial Tradition It replaced the indigenous arts with western arts Art forms were primarily influenced by religion and secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic faith. Langit, Lupa, at Impyerno By Josef Luciano Dans Found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. Date: 1850 Depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth, Adan and Eve; and hell, sinners with different transgressions St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral Located in Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. The original structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641. The cathedral follows a Baroque architectural design. American Colonial & Contemporary Art Was mainly influenced by education and governance. Concept of modern art was introduced and practiced by many artists. This time wherein urbanization, consumerism, changes in the political system, and rise of new technology influence the development of art. Due to the technological advances, new forms of expression came in the field of arts and modern art continuously developed which led to the contemporary arts nowadays (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016). Modern Art Refers to the practice of art from 1860s to 1960s. the main theme of art works in this time is national identity. The Making of the Philippine Flag By Fernando Amorsolo Fernando Amorsolo, also kown as “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” and born in Manila. It shows a reminder of the reminder of traditions and customs of the Filipino.  Bayanihan By Carlos “Botong” Francisco. He was born in Angono, Rizal. Date: 1962. This mural painting shows the Filipino’s bayanihan tradition. Contemporary Art Refers to the practice of art from 1970s to the present. It mirrors contemporary culture and society. Diverse and emerging art practices were being introduced in this era. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series) By Federico Aguilar Alcuaz was born in Santa Cruz, Manila. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series) depicts the variety of domestic activities (Guillermo, 2007). Art Installation in Sand Dunes of Paoay By Leeroy New. He is born in General SANTOS City. Made for the La Milagrosa Festival in Ilocos Norte. According to Leeroy New, the art installation symbolizes the great festivals, feasts and celebrations (Lape𝑛̃a, 2012). Elements of Art Space Space pertains to emptiness which may either be positive space or negative space. Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape Negative space refers to the opposite part which the shape is enclosing. Line A line is a series of connected points. It may come in two characteristics: Form – curved, dotted, or broken lines Direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different types of lines may convey different meanings.  Horizontal line suggests calmness Vertical lines may convey strength, diagonal lines create an impression of action Curved lines create an expression of gradual change of direction Circular line may pertain an abrupt change of direction Shape and Form Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and width. Geometric shapes - triangle, squares, rectangle, etc. Organic shapes - shapes found in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or cloud Abstract shapes - asymmetrical and free flowing shapes Forms are three dimensional figures. Its dimensions are height, width, and volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth. Color Color is associated with the natural phenomenon in our environment. Scientifically, when a light passes through a prism, it will produce 12 different hues of different wavelengths. These colors may pertain to lightness, darkness, coolness, or warmth. Value A line is a series of connected points. It may come in two characteristics: Form – curved, dotted, or broken lines Direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different types of lines may convey different meanings. Horizontal line suggests calmness Vertical lines may convey strength, diagonal lines create an impression of action Curved lines create an expression of gradual change of direction Circular line may pertain an abrupt change of direction  Principles of Art Proportion Refers to the relationship of the size of elements Example: When drawing a human standing beside a house, it is important to ensure that the size of the human is proportional to the size of the house. Harmony Harmony is the unity of the artwork, specifically about the arrangement of the related elements. Variety Variety may be referred to as diversity. It is adding multiple, different elements to break the monotony of an artwork and make it more interesting. Movement The illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture design, or in a piece of art Rhythm The repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern. It is the repeated design elements may create a certain flow and may lead the viewer’s eyes. Balance Balance refers to the even and equal distribution of elements Emphasis Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the greater impact given on a certain element.  Modern Art ranges from the end of the Lesson 2 19th Century until the 1970’s or 1980’s or the late 20th Century. Arts in the Philippines Contemporary Art ranges from the late 20th Century to the present Contemporary Art Influenced by the economic, social, political and environmental context Contemporary Art is the artist’s expression of his perception and comprehension Contemporary Philippine Art is not confined to the usual genres of the four main art forms, namely, visual, literary, applied and performing arts Performance Art Examples of Contemporary Art Music: blues, electronic, Forms experimental, funk, hip-hop, jazz, metal, pop, rock, roots Visual Arts Theater Art: stage, film, street play Pop Art Dance: flash mob, Street Word Art Dances comprising hip-hop, Conceptual Art funk, house and rave Installation Art Photorealism Literary Art Contemporary Realism Illustrated Novel Graffiti Art Digi-fiction Applied Arts Graphic Novels Manga Videography Doodle Fiction Photography Text-talk Novels Computer Art Chick Literature Film and Broadcasting Art Flash Fiction Architecture Design and Hyper Poetry Allied Art Blog  Elements of Contemporary Art Appropriation This refers to the modifications made by the artist. Hybridity This refers in the use of different art mediums that are put together Technology Its application highlights the creativity of the artist. Performance Carried out for viewers to experience. Space Intricate use of space Integrative Art Integrative Art employs the use of different art elements used together in distinct different expressions. It is also a fusion of different art disciplines using different styles and media in creating art. It can be found in different places of the country, usually in urban areas where artists have ready access to different art forms and media. Includes the use of computer applications combined with other media, the use of non-traditional art materials in creating artworks usually done with mixed art forms Contemporary Art Forms from the Philippine Region Communal Nature It reflects the relationships build around the bonds of community and society. Intuitive As Filipinos are immersed in their consciousness of themselves, their community and their culture. Holistic As individuals, groups of people and events are perceived in their entirety as well as the unitive use of art materials and forms. Creative Process As the artist puts more emphasis on now their artwork was made than on the artwork itself. Integrative As it encompasses religious, moral, spiritual, social, and environmental concerns Multi-focal As it considers everything and everyone, the wide perspective of the artwork as well as both artist and viewer.  Philippine contemporary arts can be Lesson 3 Philippine Contemporary described into visual arts, literary arts and performing arts. Art Visual Art Visual art is an expression of artistic ideas through images, structures, and tactile work. Some visual artworks are integrated which means it combines several mediums to create new and unique artwork. Painting, sculpture, architecture, and film are examples of visual arts. Painting Painting the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two-dimensional visual language. The first paintings here in the Philippines are commissioned works during Spanish colonization. Here are some paintings from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Painting The sculpture is an art form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional art objects. Filipino sculptors came to be known in the middle of the 19th century. Architecture Architecture is the art and practice of designing and constructing buildings (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus). Philippine architecture was characterized as simple, rational, and functional. In the 20th century, the young Filipino who studied in American colleges and institutes introduced the neoclassic style in building structures. After World War II, real estate development started to take place (Sandagan & Sayseng, 2016). Film Film is a form of visual art use to imitate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, or feelings with the use of moving images. It is also called a movie or motion picture. Moreover, the art form that is the result of the film is called cinema (Faber & Walters, 2003). The film industry in the Philippines started in 1897. In the contemporary period, martyr wife, superhero, action, melodramas, and comedies are some of the usual subjects and themes in the Philippine films.  Literary Art An expression of ideas through writing. Literary arts can be categorized as poetry, prose, and drama. In the Philippines, literary arts are greatly encountered in literature. Literature According to Lombardi (2020), literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. From the Latin word “literature” meaning "writing formed with letters" Literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song. Performing Arts Music and Theater Music is a collection of coordinated sound or sounds. According to Ramon P. Santos in his article entitles Contemporary Music, Contemporary music in the Philippines usually refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from 20th century art music in the West, as well as the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry. Filipino Music had already a rich and unique musical tradition long before westerners set foot on our native land. Music was present in every stage of our ancestors’ lives — from birth to death, in blissful or tragic times. Theater Theatre is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, or dance. Dance Dance, the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself. Dances in the Philippines vary from Region to Region  The Philippines value many significant Filipino artist who Lesson 4 have a prominent contribution to the promotion and preservation of our cultural heritage. They have made a notable contribution in their own field of expertise, obtaining them the Order of National National Artists of the Artist. Philippines Categories for the Order of National Artist are, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, film and Broadcast Arts and Architecture or Allied Arts. The Order of National Artist The Order of the National Artists Award (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts. Administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions. The said achievements are measured in terms of their vision, unusual insight, creativity and imagination, technical proficiency of the highest order in expressing Filipino culture and traditions, history, way of life, and aspirations. Under the Proclamation No.1001 dated April 27, 1072 the Order of the National Artist Award (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining was established. The first award was given to Fernando Amorsolo The Order of National Artists aims to recognize: 1.The Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the country. 2.The Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote creative expression as significant to the development of a national cultural identity. 3.The Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future generations of Filipino artists. The following are the seven categories under which National Artists can be recognized: Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or literary criticism; Film and Broadcasting / Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance; 3. Architecture, Design and Allied Arts– architecture design, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape architecture and fashion design. Music - singing, composition, direction, and/or performance; Dance - choreography, direction and/or performance; Theater – direction, performance and/or production design; Visual Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging; Qualifications for the National Artist Award Living artists who are natural-born Filipino citizens. The content and form of their work have procured in building a Filipino sense of nationhood. An artist who have developed a mode of creative expression or style and living a legend on succeeding generations of artists. An artist who manifest excellence in the practice of their art form The artwork made has attained an international and national recognition. Insignia of the Order of the National Artists Formed from a Grand Collar featuring circular links depicting the arts and an eight-pointed sunburst suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel. The center of the badge is divided into three equal portions, in red, white and blue representing the Philippine Flag with three stylized letter K’s that stands for the CCP’s motto “ Katotohanan, Kabutihan at Kagandahan “ ( The true, the good and the beautiful ). The Grand Collar is made from silver gilt bronze.  Literarure 1973 Amado V. Hernadez National Artists 1973 Jose Garcia Villa 1976 Nick Joaquin of the Philippines 1982 Calos P. Romulo 1990 Francisco Arcellana 1997 N.V. M Gonzales Architecture 1997 Carlos Quirino 1999 Edith L. Tiempo 1973 Juan Nakpil 2001 F. Sionil Jose 1976 Pablo Antonio 2003 Virgilio S. Almario 1990 Leondro V. Locsin 2006 Bienvenido Lumbera 2006 Ramon Valera 2009 Lazaro Francisco 2014 Jose Maria Zaragoza 2014 Cirilo F. Bautista 2006 I.P Santos Music Dance 1973 Antonio J. Molina 1976 Jovita Fuentes 1973 Francisca Reyes Aquino 1988 Antonio R. Buenaventura 1976 Leonor Orosa-Goquingco 1989 Lucrecia R. Kasilag 1988 Lucrecia Reyes Urtula 1991 Lucio D. San Pedro 2006 Ramon Obusan 1997 Felipe Padilla de Leon Film 1997 Jose Maceda 1997 Levi Celerio 1982 Gerardo de Leon 1999 Ernani Joson Cuenco 1997 Lino Brocka 1999 Andrea O. Veneracion 2001 Ishmael Bernal 2014 Francisco Feliciano 2003 Eddie S. Romero 2014 Ramon Santos 2009 Manuel Conde Visual Arts Theater 1972 Fernando C. Amorsolo 1973 Carlos " Botong" V. Francisco 1987 Honorata " Atang" de la 1973 Guillermo E. Tolentino Rama 1976 Victorio C. Edades 1997 Levi Celerio 1976 Napoleon V. Abueva 1997 Wlfrido Ma. Guerero 1981 Vicente Manansala 1997 Rolando S. Tinio 1990 Cesar Legaspi 1999 Daisy Avellana 1991 Hernando R. Ocampo 2001 Severino Montano 1997 Arturo R. Luz 1999 J. Elizalde Navarro 2001 Ang Kiukok 2003 Jose T. Joya 2006 Abdulmari Asia Imao 2006 Bencab 2009 Federico Aguillar Alcuaz 2014 Francisco Coching Guillermo Tolentino He sculpted the Oblation in 1935 which is located at the University of the Philippines Campus in Diliman, Quezon City. Jose Maceda He founded the UP Center for Ethnomusicology Manuel Conde He collaborated with Carlos V. Francisco in the film Genghis Khan in 1950 that tells the epic adventure of a Mongolian conqueror. Bienvenido Lumbera He wrote the “libretto” recounting the origins of the Manobo people Alice Reyes She is the founder of Ballet Philippines  The elements of art are space, Lesson 5 Elements and Principles line, shape and form, color, value, and texture. of Art The principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety, movement, rhythm, balance, and Elements of Art emphasis. Line An element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines, also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms. Line may come in two characteristics: Form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and Direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different characteristics of lines may convey different meanings: a) Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. b) Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability. c) Diagonal Line creates an impression of action. d) Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction. e) Circular Line creates an impression of abrupt change of direction. Moreover, lines can be classified into different types: a) Outlines are made by the edge of an object or its silhouette. b) Contour Lines describe the shape of an object and the interior detail. c) Expressive Lines catch the movement and gestures of an active figure. d) Sketch Lines capture the appearance of an object or impression of a place. e) Calligraphic Lines are the elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. f) Implied Lines are lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance. Shape Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes, organic shapes, positive shapes, negative shapes, static shapes, and dynamic shapes. a) Geometric Shapes are circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and other geometric shapes. b) Organic Shapes are shapes found in nature and are free flowing, informal and irregular (abstract shapes). c) Positive Shapes are the solid forms in a design. d) Negative Shapes are the space around the positive shape. e) Static Shapes are shapes that appears stable and resting. f) Dynamic Shapes are shapes that appears moving and active. Color Colors are the way we see light reflected from a surface or refracted through a prism. Colors we see in nature are reflections of light on the surfaces around us. We can classify colors into primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors, analogous colors, complementary colors, monochromatic colors, warm colors, and cool colors. a) Primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. b) Secondary colors are the resulting colors when the two of the primary colors are mix. The secondary colors are purple, green, and orange. c) Tertiary colors are the resulting colors when two of the primary and/or secondary colors are mix. The tertiary colors are amber, vermilion, magenta, violet, teal, and chartreuse. d) Analogous Colors are colors that lie nest to each other based on the color wheel. Example of analogous colors are yellow, orange, and red. e) Complementary colors are colors that are opposite to each other based on the color wheel. Examples of complementary colors are red and green, blue and orange, and purple and yellow. f) Monochromatic Colors are several values of one color. g) Warm colors are colors that give the feeling of warmth. The warm colors are yellow, amber, orange, vermilion, red, and magenta. h) Cool colors are colors that give the feeling of coolness. The cool colors are purple, violet, blue, teal, green, and chartreuse. Space Space refers to distances or areas around, between or within components and the arrangement of objects on the plane Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape. Negative space refers to the opposite part which the shape is enclosing. Perspective is a technical means by which we perceive distance in painting, by which we are made to see the position of objects in space.  a) In one-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at one point on the horizontal line. b) In two-point perspective, we perceive that the position of objects meets at two points on the horizontal line Texture Texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things rough or smooth, bumpy or slippery. It is the character of the surface of an artwork. Tactileness a) Real texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling. b) Implied texture made a piece of art to look like a certain texture. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper. Value Pertains to the lightness or darkness of a color in a given artwork. Value can be changed by adding white or black to a color and these described as tint and shade. a) Tint pertains to the lightness of a color. b) Shade pertains to the darkness of a color. Form Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. It has dimensions of height, width, and length. According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. Consequently, principles of art represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey the artist's intent. Principles of Art Rhythm This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern Movement Movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design. Balance Balance refers to the visual weight in a picture. It refers to the even distribution of positions of elements in an artwork. a) Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same position. b) Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein it is balance through the contrast or differences of any of the elements of art. Proportion Proportion refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. Contrast This principle shows differences between elements of art in an artwork. It shows how stronger each element of art in relation to one another. Variety This principle of art refers to the diversity or the different elements used in an artwork to make it more interesting. Emphasis Emphasis refers to the greater impact or highlight given to a certain element in an artwork. Harmony This principle of art refers to the unity of an artwork. It is about the arrangement of the related elements that makes an artwork to be viewed as a whole.  The elements of art are space, line, Lesson 6 Gawad ng Manlilikha ng shape and form, color, value, and texture. Bayan The principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety, movement, rhythm, balance, and emphasis. RA No. 7355 Known as Manlilikha ng Bayan Act Was established in 1992 Shall mean citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose distinct skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence, and have passed it on to in his or her community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence. NCCA National Commission for Culture and the Arts The highest policy and coordinating body for culture and the arts of the state. It has to search for the finest traditional artist of the land who adopts a program that will ensure the transfer of their skills to others, undertakes measures to promote a genuine appreciation of and crafts and give pride among our people about the genius of Manlilikha ng Bayan GAMABA Awardees