Developmental Biology - Female Reproductive System PDF

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BBIO115 1ST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS (Prepared By: Shaina Marrie Dayon) TEMPLATE BY kw0ndys Formed by the: superior edge of pu...

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BBIO115 1ST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS (Prepared By: Shaina Marrie Dayon) TEMPLATE BY kw0ndys Formed by the: superior edge of pubic symphysis FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM arcuate line of the ilium anterior border of the ala posterior border of the pubic crest TOPIC OVERVIEW sacral promontory Female Reproductive System A2 PELVIC OUTLET a. Bones of the Pelvis b. Internal Organs of the Reproductive System Formed by the: inferior edge of pubic symphysis A BONES OF THE PELVIS inferior ramus of pubis ischial tuberosity sacrotuberous KEY TERMS ligament Acetabulum: (hip joint) inferior end of formed by ilium, ischium, and coccyx pubis, and articulates with the head of the femur hip joints: joined A3 SHAPES OF THE PELVIS anteriorly by the midline pubic symphysis and posteriorly to the bones of the sacrum A1 PELVIC INLET  DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BBIO115 1ST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS (Prepared By: Shaina Marrie Dayon) TEMPLATE BY kw0ndys Pelvic diaphragm – curved, flat muscles Additional Notes: consisting of the levator ani and the Obstetric conjugate diameter is the coccygeus (or ischiococcygeus) muscles first point of the maternal pelvis - contraction of these muscles through which the head of the fetus provide support when resisting has to pass during the stages of birth increasing intra-abdominal and it is the most important female pressure (coughing, sneezing, or pelvimetry during pregnancy. fixation of the trunk during heavy lifting) - 3 apertures in the pelvic diaphragm: 1. urinary orifice, 2. vaginal orifice, and 3. anus - Relax during urination and defecation Perineum – tiny patch of sensitive skin between genitals and anus - internally, it contains structures beneath the pelvic floor that helps in urination, defecation, and copulation A4 PELVIC FLOOR + PERINEUM - Damage to the perineal body will weaken the pelvic diaphragm.  DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BBIO115 1ST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS (Prepared By: Shaina Marrie Dayon) TEMPLATE BY kw0ndys PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE B INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS - bladder -uterus and -rectum bulges into a portion of bulges into vagina the upper the vagina. -Some may vagina -Two have no protrude common symptoms. - into the causes of Others may vaginal this defect have canal or in are trouble the opening childbirth starting of the and ★ Vagina - Distensible, muscular tube urination, vagina. hysterecto lined with mucosal epithelium; around 8 urinary -most often my cm long incontinenc caused by e, or injury or Other - Superior end meets with cervix, which frequent damage to names: holds it open while the rest of the tube urination. structures posterior that hold vaginal wall is notmally closed into a cross-sec “H” Other the uterus prolapse shape when relaxed names: in place - Upper ¾ - has sympathetic, Prolapsed bladder, parasympathetic, and visceral dropped afferent innervations bladder, - Lower ¼ - somatic innervation, anterior vaginal wall sensitivity to touch collapse ★ Uterus - Thick, hollow, muscular organ lined with mucous layer (endometrium) - Able to change size considerably during pregnancy HOW BREATHING AFFECTS THE PELVIS FLOOR - Myometrium contracts to expel the (Kegel’s) fetus during childbirth - Perimetrium – outer covering of connective tissue - Supported by the broad ligament BROAD LIGAMENT ★ a flat sheet of peritoneum, associated with the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. It extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides, and folds over the internal female genitalia, covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly Mesometrium – Surrounds the uterus and is the largest subsection of the broad ligament. It also encloses the  DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BBIO115 1ST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS (Prepared By: Shaina Marrie Dayon) TEMPLATE BY kw0ndys proximal part of the round ligament of the uterus. Mesovarium – Part of the broad ligament associated with the ovaries. It does not, however, cover the surface of the ovary itself. Mesosalpinx – Originates superiorly to the mesovarium, enclosing the fallopian or uterine tubes. ★ Ovaries- almond-shaped - produce oocytes and reproductive hormones - sites of mature of oocytes into mature follicles ★ Fallopian Tubes - each is 4-5” long and 0.2-0.6” in diameter - capture the ovulated ovum with the fimbriae - Salpingitis – inflammation of the uterine tubes - TAH BSO – Total abdominal hysterectomy Bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy B1 EXTERNAL GENITALIA DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BBIO115 1ST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS (Prepared By: Shaina Marrie Dayon) TEMPLATE BY kw0ndys