ConeApp 1st Semester Quarter 1 Reviewer PDF

CONEAPP 1st SEMESTER- QUARTER 1 REVIEWER LESSON 1: TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS AND THEIR STRUCTURE Academic Text - Defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given fi...

CONEAPP 1st SEMESTER- QUARTER 1 REVIEWER LESSON 1: TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS AND THEIR STRUCTURE Academic Text - Defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given field using formal language - The resources that teachers require the students to read because they have particular importance in the students’ chosen strand Forms of Academic Texts 1. Textbooks - Printed and bound reading resources intended for a course of study. - Contain facts and ideas around a certain subject 2. Articles - Written compositions in prose, usually nonfiction, on a specific topic forming an independent part of a book or other publication, as a newspaper or magazine. 3. Case Studies - Studies of an individual unit, as a person, family, or social group, usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment. - Requires to investigate a business problem, examine the alternative solutions, and propose the most effective solution using supporting evidence. 4. Reports - Containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form, prepared on ad hoc, periodic, recurring, regular, or as required basis. - Specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects. 5. Conference Papers - Presented in a scholastic conference 6. Review - Evaluations of works published in scholarly journals 7. Thesis and Dissertations - Researches required in the undergraduate and graduate schools. 4 Types of Academic writing Structures of Academic Texts A. Three-Part Essay 1. Introduction - central ideas and arguments are previewed - Introduces the main goal or objectives of the text - contains the thesis statement or the claim 2. Body - main ideas are explained and developed - The “meat” of your paper 3. Conclusion - main ideas are recapped, and the central idea or argument is reiterated - Should not include new information B. IMRAD 1. Introduction - defines the nature and extent of the problems studied, relates the research to previous work, explains the objectives of investigation, and defines any specialized terms or abbreviations to be used in what follows. 2. Method - present in a simple and direct manner what has been done, how, and when, and how the data were analyzed and presented. - provide all the information needed to allow another researcher to judge the study or actually repeat the experiment. 3. Results - presents the new knowledge; therefore, it is the core of the paper. - easiest to follow the results if they are presented in the same order as the objectives 4. Discussion - explain meanings and implications of the results. - shows the importance and value of the work and is therefore the most innovative and difficult part of the paper to write. - suggest future research that is planned or needed to follow up LESSON 2: LANGUAGE FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING I. Language Features of Academic Texts A. Formality - Relatively formal which means avoidance of the use of colloquial words and expressions. - Expanded modal forms over contracted forms - One verb from over two-word verbs B. Objectivity - Presenting researched-based information. - Free from writer’s opinion, feelings and biases. - Avoiding the use of personal pronouns. C. Specificity - Cite specific or clear information. - Avoid ambiguous words D. Accuracy - Quality of being true, correct, or exact; freedom from error or defect; precision or exactness; correctness. - Using appropriate words or phrases to express the meaning and checking the integrity of the source of information. - Validate the source by looking into the background, purpose and recency E. Complexity - Use of collocations, academic and discipline-specific vocabulary, specialized or technical vocabulary. - Use of noun-based phrases, employ subordinate clauses and/or passive structures. F. Conciseness - Refers to language that is brief and to the point - An average of 15 to 20 words is the most effective for technical communication G. Analytical - They demand critical analyses which are necessary when the writer explains, reasons out, compares and contrasts, evaluates, concludes, suggests and recommends H. Explicitness - It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make the readers understand how each part of the text is connected through the use of transitional words. LESSON 3: THEIS STATEMENT Thesis Statement - a sentence that states the main idea that helps control the ideas within the paper. - usually presented in the abstract or executive summary or found at the last part of the introduction. - road map, tells the reader, what to expect, not merely a topic Tips for Writing a Thesis Statement 1. Know the purpose and kind of paper you are writing. 2. The thesis statement must be specific. 3. The thesis statement is usually found at the end of the introduction of the academic paper. 4. The thesis statement must be expressed in a declarative form and not in a question form. Construct a statement of fact that answer the questions: how or why. LESSON 4: SUMMARAZING - condensing or shortening of a reading selection while preserving its overall meaning. - discourages you from copying and pasting information from a source - May be any length, from 25% of the original to one sentence Steps in Summarizing 1. Get a general idea of the original 2. Check your understanding 3. Make notes 4. Write your summary 5. Check your work Citations when Summarizing - citing the name of the author and the date of publication. - significant for it tells the reader that they are reading a summarized material and they may check the original source - To avoid plagiarism - The readers may check the original source if they think that someone else's wordsmay have been misused or misinterpreted - To tell the readers that they are reading a summarized material LESSON 5: OUTLINING Outline - A format that presents the main ideas and the subsidiary ideas of any subject. - A list of headings and subheadings that distinguishes the main points from supporting points - A general plan and/or the skeleton of what a writer wishes to write Forms of an Outline 1. Topic Outline - arranges the ideas hierarchically (showing which are main and which are sub-points) - Only words or phrases are used 2. Sentence Outline - Expresses the specific and complete idea that that section of the paper will cover - Complete sentence from the source Steps in Making an Outline a. Identify your topic or thesis statement. b. Decide what points you would like to discuss in your paper. c. Put your points in logical, numerical order so that each point connects back to your main point LESSON 6: Writing Reaction, Review and Critique Paper A. Reaction Paper - requires you to formulate analysis and reaction to a given body of material. - ocus your thinking on a topic after a close examination of the source material - thorough understanding of the object as well as providing several strong arguments based on relevant facts and evidences. Parts of a Reaction Paper 1. INTRODUCTION (Part I) - State the article, author, publication / film / occasion; - Give a brief summary of what you read / viewed /listened to; and - State your thesis statement (agree/ disagree /Identify / evaluate) 2. BODY (Part II) - Should contain paragraphs that support your thesis statement; - Each paragraph should have one idea; - Flow of paragraph can either be “author’s and your idea” or “author’s idea in contrast to yours; - Topic sentence of each paragraph should support the thesis statement; and - Last sentence should lead into the next paragraph 3. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION (Part III) - Restate what you said in your paper - Comment on your overall reaction; - Predict the effects of what you are reacting to; and - Should not introduce new ideas B. Review Paper - An evaluation of events, books, restaurants, art exhibits, performances, movies, or the latest trends. - where opinions of the writers are given. - requires persuasion and critical evaluation of work. - Conciseness in a review is very relevant so we have to be unbiased in our opinions Format of a Review Paper 1. Title page 2. Introduction - Title and Topic - Description of the material - Thesis Statement 3. Body - GIST of the Plot - Analysis and Interpretation - Purpose and Implication of the material - Comparison to similar work 4. Conclusions - Restating the Rationale - Recommendation C. Critique Paper - critical evaluation through intensive analysis of an article, which involves giving a brief summary of the article - indicates the perceived success of an article and analyses its strengths and weaknesses. - Written in formal language and using a structured format. (introduction, several body paragraphs and a conclusion) The Main Purposes of Writing an Article Critique: a. Describe the main ideas and what the author wants to express b. Analyze each important and interesting point and develop an explanation of the article c. Interpret the author’s intention d. Summarize and evaluate the value of an article, stating whether you agree or disagree with the author, with supporting evidence. Steps Involved in Writing an Article Critique 1. Read the article for the first time to understand its main ideas. 2. Read the article again and make notes as you go and quote evidence to support your discussion. 3. From your notes, analyze and discuss each important point. You can give your comments and opinions at this stage. 4. Summarize and provide a conclusion regarding whether you like or dislike the article. Support your ideas with the evidence you found. Tips in Writing an Article Critique: ✓ An article critique does not only give critical and negative feedback on an article. A good critique should include both positive praise and negative criticism for a particular work. ✓ Use direct quotations of the author’s work where appropriate to avoid accusations of plagiarism. ✓ Write the critique in the third person.