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International Hope School Bangladesh 2024 – 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR Comprehensive Worksheet Class:9 Subject :Bangladesh Studies 1.Analyze the lasting impact of the Sultanate...

International Hope School Bangladesh 2024 – 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR Comprehensive Worksheet Class:9 Subject :Bangladesh Studies 1.Analyze the lasting impact of the Sultanate of Bengal on the region's cultural and linguistic identity. The use of domes, arches, and minarets became prominent, and this architectural heritage continued to influence the region’s buildings in later periods. Persian culture and language were highly esteemed during the Sultanate period. The Sultanate period marked an important phase in the development of the Bengali language. Persian vocabulary and literary forms began to merge with Bengali, enriching the language and contributing to its evolution. 2. What were the immediate and long-term impacts of Ibrahim Lodi’s defeat on the political landscape of India? The immediate impact of Ibrahim Lodi’s defeat was the collapse of the Lodi Dynasty and the end of the Delhi Sultanate, which had ruled over much of Northern India. This paved the way for the establishment of the Mughal Empire under Babur. In the long term, this shift in power influenced the political, cultural, and social landscape of India, leading to the rise of Mughal dominance and shaping the subcontinent's history for cent 3. What were the key tactical innovations introduced by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat, and how did they contribute to his victory? The weapons were not all, it was Babur’s tactics of Tulughma and Araba that led him to victory. Tulughma: it meant dividing the whole army into various units, viz. the Left, the Right and the Centre. The Left and Right divisions were further subdivided into Forward and Rear divisions. Through this a small army could be used to surround the enemy from all the sides. Araba: the centre forward division was then provided with carts (araba) which were placed in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with animal hide ropes. 4. Describe the architectural influences present in the Bengal Sultanate's buildings and their significance. Answer: The architecture of the Bengal Sultanate reflects a unique blend of Islamic, Persian, Hindu, and indigenous Bengali elements. This convergence of styles is significant as it showcases the region’s cultural diversity and the influence of various civilizations. Prominent architectural forms include mosques, tombs, palaces, forts, and gateways. Notable examples like the Adina Mosque, Sixty Dome Mosque, and the Citadel of Gaur illustrate the integration of different styles and the use of brick and terracotta, highlighting the period’s architectural innovation and cultural heritage. 5. What role did the fear induced by gunpowder weapons play in the outcome of the battle? Answer: The sound of gunfire from Babur’s artillery had a demoralizing and disruptive effect on Lodi’s army, particularly on their war elephants. The elephants, frightened by the unfamiliar and loud noises, became uncontrollable and trampled many of Lodi’s own soldiers. This panic and disarray significantly weakened Lodi’s ability to effectively engage in battle and contributed to his defeat. 6. What impact did the reign of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty have on Bengal's political and social cohesion? Answer: The reign of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty had a profound impact on Bengal’s political and social cohesion. Ilyas Shah’s efforts to unify Bengali-speaking territories fostered a sense of nationalism and social harmony. His regime strengthened the region’s sovereignty, promoted social unity, and encouraged the development of a distinct Bengali identity. This period saw increased political stability, economic growth, and cultural flourishing, contributing to Bengal's resilience against foreign rule and enhancing its regional significance. 7. Describe the significance of Bakhtiyar Khalji's invasion of Bengal in 1203. The invasion led to the fall of the Sena dynasty, which had ruled Bengal for several centuries. Bakhtiyar Khalji's conquest paved the way for the establishment of Muslim rule in Bengal. It introduced Islamic political and cultural influences into Bengal, which had previously been predominantly Hindu and Buddhist. He brought the different parts of the territory under his sway, and instituted therein. In every part, the reading of the khutbah, and the coining of money; establishment of mosques, colleges, and monasteries (for Dervishes), were founded. 8. How did Babur’s smaller army manage to defeat Ibrahim Lodi’s numerically superior force? Answer: Despite being outnumbered, Babur’s army of 12,000 defeated Lodi’s 50,000 troops due to superior tactics and strategic organization. Babur’s effective use of gunpowder firearms and field artillery created a significant advantage. His improved intelligence network allowed him to deploy his forces efficiently into three flanks, and his tactics such as the Tulghuma and Araba created confusion and havoc among Lodi’s larger but less well-coordinated army. 9.How did Bakhtiyar Khalji's military strategies contribute to his rapid conquest of Bengal? Answer: Khalji’s forces utilized rapid and unexpected movements, catching the local rulers off guard. Khalji’s army relied heavily on cavalry, which gave them a big advantage over the local armies that mostly used infantry. The speed and agility of the cavalry allowed Khalji’s forces to make quick attacks and outmaneuver their enemies effectively. 10.What challenges did the Delhi Sultans face in their attempts to govern Bengal directly, and how did these challenges impact the region’s political landscape? Answer: The Delhi Sultans faced considerable challenges in governing Bengal directly due to the significant overland distance and logistical difficulties. The distance made effective administration and control difficult, leading to the rise of ambitious governors who ruled independently. These governors, such as Yuzbak Shah, Tughral Khan, and Shamsuddin Firoz Shah, managed to establish substantial local authority before being suppressed by the Delhi Sultanate. This situation created a dynamic political landscape where local rulers exercised considerable autonomy and power 11. What territories did Ilyas Shah unite to establish the independent Sultanate Bangalah?What sense grew up after the unification of Bengali-speaking territories by Ilyas Shah? The united territories were the Bengali speaking Satgaon, Lakhnauti and Sonargaon. Nationalism grew up after the unification of Bengali-speaking territories by Ilyas Shah. 12. What factors contributed to the rapid decline of the Sena dynasty during Bakhtiyar Khalji's invasion? The rapid decline of the Sena dynasty during Bakhtiyar Khalji's invasion can be attributed to several factors, including military defeat, internal conflict, and strategic miscalculations. Additionally, the political instability within the Sena dynasty weakened their defenses and facilitated the Khalji attacks, resulting in a swift collapse of their rule. 13.What were the immediate consequences of Bakhtiyar Khalji’s defeat in Tibet in 1206? The immediate consequences of Bakhtiyar Khalji's defeat in Tibet in 1206 included significant losses for his forces, leading to a retreat that severely weakened his military strength. His army suffered heavy casualties, and morale would have been greatly affected by the defeat. 14. In what ways did Bakhtiyar Khalji’s actions influence the rise of Islamic sultanates in northern India? Answer: The establishment of Islamic rule in northern India under Bakhtiyar Khalji's influence introduced new cultural and religious dynamics to the region. This included the spread of Islamic institutions, the establishment of mosques, and the promotion of Islamic scholarship and practices. These changes contributed to the cultural and religious landscape of medieval India. 15. Discuss the historical significance of Panipat as a battleground in Indian history. Answer: Panipat is historically significant as it was the site of several major battles that shaped the course of Indian history. The First Battle of Panipat marked the rise of the Mughal Empire, while the Third Battle of Panipat was one of the largest and bloodiest battles in Indian history, involving the Marathas and the Durrani Empire. The frequent battles at Panipat underscore its strategic importance in the struggle for dominance over Northern India. 16.What factors contributed to the Bengal Sultanate being described as the "richest country to trade with" by contemporary European and Chinese visitors? Answer: The Bengal Sultanate was described as the "richest country to trade with" due to its abundance of goods, thriving trade networks, and economic prosperity. Its strategic location facilitated extensive maritime and overland trade, attracting merchants from various parts of the world. The prosperity of the region and the opulence of its trade and goods impressed contemporary European and Chinese visitors, leading to this description. 17.How did Alauddin Husain Shah approach the recruitment of government officials? Alauddin Husain Shah stopped the recruitment of Ethiopians in government positions and adopted a more liberal approach by opening posts to Hindus and Muslims based on their ability. 18.How did the Bengal Sultanate's use of currency and trade practices reflect its economic structure? Answer: The Bengal Sultanate’s use of currency, such as the Tanka, and its trade practices reflected a well-structured economic system. The Tanka was used for significant transactions and trade, while cowrie shells were employed in local exchanges. These practices indicate a sophisticated economy with distinct methods for different types of transactions. The Sultanate’s extensive trade networks and economic activities facilitated its prosperity and regional influence, reflecting a dynamic and well- organized economic structure. 19.How did Nasrat Shah handle relations with the Mughal Empire and the Portuguese? Nasrat Shah managed to maintain Bengal’s independence despite Mughal pressures and also established favorable diplomatic relations with Portugal by negotiating trade agreements and hosting Portuguese envoys. 20. What were some of Nasrat Shah’s achievements in trade and diplomacy? Answer: Nasrat Shah issued high-quality gold and silver coins, maintained a cautious stance during Babur’s invasion, and negotiated peace with Babur, who praised the loyalty of Bengalis and was impressed by Bengal’s gunnery and navy. 21.What role did maritime trade play in the Bengal Sultanate's economic prosperity? Answer: Maritime trade played a crucial role in the Bengal Sultanate's economic prosperity. The Sultanate actively engaged in trade with China and other parts of Southeast Asia, which helped foster strong economic ties. The Bengal Sultanate’s naval strength supported its trade activities, allowing it to maintain influence in regional affairs and enhance its economic status through active participation in international trade. 22. What was the outcome of the Battle of Ghaghra in 1529, and how did it affect Bengal? Answer:The Battle of Ghaghra in 1529 resulted in a Mughal victory. Despite this, Bengal remained unconquered and maintained its status as an independent nation. 23.What were some of the key military campaigns of Alauddin Husain Shah? Answe: Alauddin Husain Shah invaded the Gajapati kingdom of Orissa in the south and extended the Bengal frontier up to the port of Chittagong, expelling the Arakaneese from the southeastern coast. 24.Who was the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty, under which Bakhtiyar Khilji served? Name the most prominent dynasties of the Bengal Sultanate. Answer: Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Ilyas Shahi Dynasty, the Ganesha dynasty and Hossain Shahi dynasty. 24. What was the significant impact of Turkish rule on the Indian subcontinent? Answer: Introduction of Persian language and culture Spread of Islam Establishment of Sultanate rule 25. What was one of the main impacts of Bakhtiyar Khalji's reign in Bengal? Answer: Bakhtiyar Khalji's rule significantly impacted the cultural and religious institutions in Bengal, particularly leading to the decline of Buddhism and the rise of Islam.He brought the different parts of the territory under his sway and instituted therein. Masjids, colleges, and monasteries (for Dervishes), were founded in those parts. This transformation contributed to a shift in the religious landscape, as the region gradually became more Islamic under subsequent rulers. 26.How was Bengal divided in the early 14th century? What regions did Ilyas Shah’s military campaigns expand the Bengal Sultanate to include? Answer: In the early 14th century, Bengal was divided into three provinces: Satgaon in South Bengal, Sonargaon in East Bengal, and Lakhnauti in North Bengal. Assam, Orissa, Bihar and parts of North India were expanded by Ilyas Shah’s military campaigns 27. What is Alauddin Husain Shah's reign often referred to as, and why? Answer: His reign is often referred to as the “golden age” of the Bengal Sultanate because it was a period of significant cultural and economic flourishing. 28. How did Alauddin Husain Shah's administration handle religious diversity? Answer: His administration promoted religious tolerance and accepted members from various religious backgrounds, reflecting an egalitarian approach. 29. What was the continuation of policies by Nasrat Shah after ascending to the throne of the Bengal Sultanate? Answer: Nasrat Shah continued his father’s expansionist policies and further added more territories to the Bengal Sultanate. Who invited Babur to invade India due to dissatisfaction with Ibrahim Lodhi? Daulat Khan, the most powerful noble of Punjab. 30. How many expeditions did Babur undertake to conquer India between 1519 and 1523? Answer: Four expeditions. 31. What was the significance of the assassination of Bakhtiar Khalji in 1206 for the administration of Bengal? Answer: The assassination of Bakhtiar Khalji in 1206 was significant because it led to a period of instability and fragmentation in Bengal. Following his assassination, Bengal was administered by various Maliks from the Khalji tribe and briefly by Ali Mardan himself. This period of instability eventually prompted the Delhi Sultan Iltutmish to send forces to reassert control over Bengal, marking the beginning of attempts by the Delhi Sultanate to directly govern the region despite subsequent challenges. 32. How did the Bengal Sultanate’s foreign policy aim to ensure its economic and political stability? Answer: The Bengal Sultanate’s foreign policy was designed to ensure economic prosperity and political stability by fostering trade relationships and forming strategic alliances. The Sultanate engaged in diplomatic exchanges with powers such as the Ottoman Empire and European nations, which helped secure its economic interests and protect against external threats. The establishment of these connections and alliances was key to maintaining regional dominance and stability. 33. What information do contemporary accounts provide about the economic conditions of Bengal during the Sultanate period? Answer: Contemporary accounts, such as those by Ma Huen and Barbosa, provide insights into the economic conditions of Bengal during the Sultanate period. Ma Huen’s writings describe Bengal as a wealthy city with significant trade and commerce. Barbosa’s accounts highlight the luxurious lifestyle and affluence of the Muslim community in Bengal. These descriptions underscore the region’s economic prosperity and the notable wealth of its upper classes during this period. 34. What were some of the challenges Nasrat Shah faced during his reign? Answer: Nasrat Shah struggled with the Mughal ascendency and also faced challenges from the Ahom kingdom. 36. How did Nasrat Shah engage diplomatically with Portugal? Answer: In 1521, two Portuguese missions arrived at Nasrat Shah’s court. Goncalo Tavares, a Portuguese envoy, negotiated a duty-free arrangement for Portuguese merchants, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between Bengal and Portugal. 37. What significant action did Babur take to promote knowledge in the Mughal Empire? What was one of Babur's notable architectural contributions to his capital city, Agra? Answer: Babur began to build a large library of books and manuscripts, which helped the Mughal Empire become an important source of knowledge. Babur built a grand palace in Agra, which was the first of many large, impressive buildings symbolizing Mughal culture. 38. What type of monarchy was the Bengal Sultanate? Answer: The Bengal Sultanate was a type of Islamic monarchy. 39. Which elites were part of the Bengal Sultanate? Answer: Bengali, Turco-Persian, Indo-Afghan and Abyssinian elites. 39. What was the significance of the First Battle of Panipat on 21st April 1526 for Babur and the Mughal Empire? Answer: On 21st April 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat, quickly occupying Delhi. Despite Ibrahim Lodi’s vast and superior troop numbers, Babur’s superior strategy and use of artillery led to his victory. This battle marked the foundation of Mughal dominion in India. 40. How did the Bengal Sultanate's geographic and maritime connections influence its economic and cultural development? Answer: The Bengal Sultanate's location on the coast of the Bay of Bengal and its extensive maritime and overland trade routes connected it to states in Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, and Europe. These connections facilitated a robust trade network that made Bengal a major trading center. The influx of immigrants and traders from diverse regions contributed to its prosperity and cultural exchange. The region’s strategic position allowed Bengali ships and merchants to trade with places as far afield as Malacca, China, and the Maldives, enhancing its economic wealth and cultural richness. 41. How did the Bengal Sultanate maintain its status as the most prestigious authority among the independent medieval Muslim-ruled states in Bengal? Answer: The Bengal Sultanate maintained its status as the most prestigious authority among the independent medieval Muslim-ruled states in Bengal through its economic prosperity, strategic geographic location, and effective trade networks. Its ability to attract international merchants and maintain a strong regional economy contributed to its prestige. Additionally, the Bengal Sultanate's architectural achievements and political influence further solidified its prominent status during this period. 42. How did Babur’s intelligence network influence his preparation for the First Battle of Panipat? Answer: Babur’s improved intelligence network provided him with critical information about Lodi’s forces and strategies. This allowed him to plan and execute his battle strategy more effectively, including the precise deployment of his troops and the use of artillery. The superior preparation facilitated by his intelligence network played a crucial role in overcoming the larger force of Lodi. 42. In what ways did Babur’s tactical approach differ from traditional military methods of the time? Answer: Traditional military methods of the time relied heavily on cavalry and war elephants. Babur’s approach introduced the use of gunpowder firearms and field artillery, which were relatively new to the Indian battlefield. Additionally, his tactical innovations like the Tulghuma (division of the army into distinct units) and the Araba (cannon carts) deviated from the conventional tactics, allowing him to effectively counter the strengths of Lodi’s army and adapt to the changing nature of warfare.