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Terms Disease: Biological/physiological condition that impairs normal function. Illness: The individual's subjective experience of symptoms and suffering. Sickness: Social recognition and cultural interpretation of a condition as a health issue. Ethnomedicine: The study of traditional medical practi...

Terms Disease: Biological/physiological condition that impairs normal function. Illness: The individual's subjective experience of symptoms and suffering. Sickness: Social recognition and cultural interpretation of a condition as a health issue. Ethnomedicine: The study of traditional medical practices and beliefs across cultures. Biomedicine: A Western medical approach emphasizing biology and technology. Social Suffering: The societal and collective impact of health conditions and inequalities. Stigma: Social disapproval or discrimination against individuals due to perceived deviance (e.g., illness). Medical Pluralism: Coexistence of multiple medical systems within a society. Syncretism: Blending of elements from different cultural traditions into a new practice. Medicalization: The process of defining a non-medical issue as a medical one. Embodiment: How social and structural factors manifest physically in the body. Structural Violence: Systematic ways social structures harm individuals (e.g., poverty, racism). Liberation Theology: Christian movement focusing on social justice and helping marginalized groups. Foraging: Hunting and gathering as a subsistence strategy. Horticulture: Small-scale, low-intensity farming with minimal tools. Pastoralism: Rearing and herding of animals for subsistence. Agriculture: Large-scale, intensive farming of crops and livestock. Industrialism: Economic system based on industrial production and mechanization. Moral Economy: Economic practices guided by social norms and ethics. Neoliberalism/Free Trade: Economic policy promoting deregulation, privatization, and global free markets. Capitalism: Economic system emphasizing private ownership and profit generation. Alienation: Marxist term describing workers' disconnection from their labor, products, and fellow humans. Colonialism: Domination and exploitation of one territory and its people by another. Dependency Theory: Theory that global inequalities stem from exploitation of poorer nations by richer ones. Commodity: Goods produced for exchange or trade in a market. Capital: Resources, wealth, or assets used for economic production or investment. Mode of Production: Ways in which societies organize production (e.g., feudalism, capitalism). Stratification: Social hierarchy and inequality. Habitus: Bourdieu’s concept of ingrained habits, skills, and dispositions shaped by one’s environment. Social Reproduction: Processes by which social inequality is perpetuated across generations. Bourgeoisie: Capital-owning class in Marxist theory. Proletariat: Working class in Marxist theory. False Consciousness: Workers’ inability to see their exploitation under capitalism. Civil Disobedience: Nonviolent resistance to unjust laws or policies. Tequio: Collective labor system in Indigenous Mexican communities. Cargo System of Leadership: Traditional community-based leadership roles in Indigenous Mexican cultures. Cinéma vérité/Kino pravda: Documentary style emphasizing realism and naturalism. Ethnofiction: Film blending ethnography and fictional storytelling. Key Works Farmer (2004): Demonstrates how structural violence shapes health inequalities. Blanchette (2020): Explores sex work and moral economies in Brazil. Stone (2019): Indigenous challenges to liberal governance in Mexico. Malefyt (2024): Discusses capitalism and advertising anthropology. Ong (2006): Examines Chinese guanxi and globalization's impact on labor. Framing the Other (2011): Examines tourism's role in stereotyping. Chronicle of a Summer (1961): Early cinéma vérité film exploring lived realities in France. Questions and Short Answers Biomedical Models in Spirit Catches You and Partners in Health: Spirit Catches You highlights cultural clashes in Hmong care; Partners in Health emphasizes structural inequalities and community-based solutions. Scheper-Hughes and Health as Power: Health systems perpetuate power imbalances and social control. Life Expectancy Charts Misleading: They often overlook differences in infant mortality and long-term survival. Acephie and Chouchou (Farmer): Illustrate structural violence through poverty and political repression. Three Challenges in Describing Structural Violence (Farmer): Historical specificity, structural complexity, and cultural nuance. Sahlins on Wealth and Foraging: Foragers are “affluent” by wanting less and easily meeting their needs. Foraging Societies and Starvation: No, foraging societies are usually sustainable and not constantly starving. Political Left vs. Right: Left advocates equality and change; right emphasizes tradition and hierarchy. Classical Liberalism: Focuses on individual freedoms, limited government, and free markets. Neoliberalism: Promotes deregulation, privatization, and market-driven policies. Inter-Species Ethnography: Studies human-animal relationships and cultural cohabitation. Most Important 20th Century Force (Stone): Capitalism. Countries Pre-WWII: Most current nations did not exist; many were colonies. Marx on Bourgeoisie and Proletariat: Irreconcilable class conflict over control of production. Early vs. New Social Movements: Early movements focused on class; new ones emphasize identity and culture. Framing Social Movements: Presenting ideas to gain legitimacy and mobilize support. Social Movements and Power (Stone): They dramatize power struggles to expose inequalities. Resistance vs. Autonomy: Resistance opposes the system; autonomy builds alternatives. Radicalism and Reform: Usually operate together, not separately. Co-opting Movements: Diluting or redirecting movements' goals to align with dominant systems. Indigenous Challenge to Liberal Democracy (Stone): Emphasizes communal decision-making over individualism. Work from Vice to Virtue (Weber): Protestant ethic linked work with moral value and success. Guanxi (Ong): Chinese relationship networks conflicted with U.S. corporate practices. Margaret Mead on Film: Cameras could document cultural practices objectively. Let me know if you'd like any area expanded further!