Cognitive Psychology Exam 2 Study Guide PDF

**Cognitive Psychology** **Study Guide** **Exam 2** **[Chapter 5 Short Term and Working Memory]** - What is iconic memory? What is echoic memory? - Explain the results of Sperling's whole report, partial report, and delayed partial report experiments - What is the duration of short-t...

**Cognitive Psychology** **Study Guide** **Exam 2** **[Chapter 5 Short Term and Working Memory]** - What is iconic memory? What is echoic memory? - Explain the results of Sperling's whole report, partial report, and delayed partial report experiments - What is the duration of short-term memory when rehearsal is prevented? - What is the capacity of short-term memory? - What are the differences between short-term memory and working memory? - What are the components of Baddeley and Hitch's Working Memory Model and the functions of each of these components? - While talking to your friend on the phone, you ask them for directions to their house. This requires you to listen to your friend, write down the directions, and visualize the area you will be driving to. Which component of the working memory model allow you to do all of this at the same time? - Describe the phonological similarity effect, the word length effect, and articulatory suppression. - What might happen if two tasks both require the use of the phonological loop or the visuospatial sketch pad, and how can we prevent these systems from becoming overloaded? - Which region of the brain is most closely linked to working memory? **[Chapter 6 Long Term Memory: Structure]** - What are the recency and primacy effects? - What is the primacy effect attributed to? What is the recency effect attributed to? - Provide examples of visual and auditory coding in long-term memory. - What is proactive interference? What caused proactive interference in the "fruits" group in Wickens et al.\'s "fruit and professions" experiment? - What caused the release from proactive interference in the "professions" group in Wickens et al.\'s "fruit and professions" experiment? - Which brain structure is crucial for the formation of long-term memories, as demonstrated by patient H.M.\'s case? - What are the differences between explicit and implicit memories? - What are the differences between episodic and semantic memories? - What specific impairments did KC exhibit following his accident? How did LP's impairments differ from those of KC? Why are the cases of KC and LP considered an example of a double dissociation for semantic and episodic memory? - How are episodic and semantic memories interconnected? - Explain the process of semanticization of remote memories. - What is repetition priming? - Explain what procedural memory is and give some examples? - Why can individuals with amnesia still play a musical instrument even though they have no memory of where or when they learned the skill? **[Chapter 7 Long Term Memory: Encoding and Retrieval, and Consolidation]** - How do maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal differ? Provide examples of each. - Explain the levels of processing theory. What is the difference between shallow and deep processing? Give examples - What is the generation effect? Give examples - Describe the testing effect - Describe the spacing effect - How does the tendency to organize objects into categories affect the recall of a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa"? - Explain the encoding specificity principle and state-dependent learning. Provide examples for each to illustrate your explanation. - When does transfer-appropriate processing occur? - What is long-term potentiation, and how is it induced? - Describe how, according to the standard model of consolidation, information initially stored in the connections between the hippocampus and cortical regions gradually transitions to being represented solely in cortical regions. Explain the role of reactivation in this process. - What did Nader et al.\'s (2000) study on fear conditioning in rats reveal about the state of fear memories when they are reactivated during retrieval? - How has research on reconsolidation influenced new therapeutic approaches for PTSD?