CANS 200: Understanding Canada PDF

CANS 200: Understanding Canada Dr Jodey Nurse McGill Institute for the Study of Canada The Conquest in Quebec and the Aftermath (Part 2) Wednesday, September 18, 2024 This class, you will learn about: The Roots of Quebec Nationalism The Quiet Revolution The October Crisis The Rise of Sep...

CANS 200: Understanding Canada Dr Jodey Nurse McGill Institute for the Study of Canada The Conquest in Quebec and the Aftermath (Part 2) Wednesday, September 18, 2024 This class, you will learn about: The Roots of Quebec Nationalism The Quiet Revolution The October Crisis The Rise of Separatism Quebec Referendums: 1980 and 1995 Anglophone-Francophone Relations Today I remember… Quebec’s Motto—what does it mean? Contemporary issue: Can Canada reconcile fractured anglophone-francophone relations? Can an “inclusive nationalism” exist? Recap: French nationalism developed from need for English Canada to recognize rights of French Canadians, including language rights and religious freedoms, as well as autonomy from the Anglo-Protestant majority of British North America Nationalism generally rural and agricultural Seen as a period of clerical-nationalism (Church, not state) J. Johnstone, Canadian Magazine (1923) Conscription Crisis The conscription crises during the First and Second World Wars divided the nation Image: Anti-conscription demonstration organized by students at Université de Montréal on Champ-de-Mars on March 23, 1939. — The Gazette [Montreal], March 23, 1939. Maurice Duplessis and the Union nationale party Maurice Duplessis New Quebec Urban Intellectual Elite 1960: election of Jean Lesage and Liberals 1953: Tremblay Commission Parti Québécois Divisions between neo-nationalists and liberals René Lévesque Pierre Trudeau Quebec’s Quiet Revolution End of Grand noirceur Decline in population Jean Lesage Decline in traditional family Increased immigration “Maîtres chez nous” 1963: Nationalization of hydropower 1962 Quebec government Replacement of church with state poster promoting as promoter and protector of hydroelectric Quebec power Quebec Nationalist Movement Front de liberation du Quebec (FLQ) Colonial Symbols English media in Quebec Companies and enterprises that discriminate against Quebec 1968: Parti Quebecois 1970: 7 seats and 23% of popular vote in provincial election  Walter Leja injured after attempting to disarm bomb left in mailbox in Montreal, 1963 Terrorism in Quebec April 1963: FLQ bombing at Canadian Armed Forces recruitment centre May 1963: FLQ mailbox bombs in Montreal February 1969: FLQ bombing of Montreal Stock Exchange 1963–1970: 200 bombings and 6 murders by FLQ The October Crisis Culminated in a long series of terrorist attacks perpetrated by the FLQ in 1970 the FLQ kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross (October 5) then kidnapped (October 10) Quebec Minister of Immigration and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau deployed the Armed Forces and invoked the War Measures Act (October 16) Trudeau on War Measures Act: “just watch me” Laporte’s body found in trunk of car on CBC Archives: Just Watch Me, 1970 | CBC October 17 Legacy? Hughes: Event was significant in demonstrating continued tensions between francophones and anglophones Election of René Lévesque’s Parti Québécois in 1976 Many of the province’s anglophone residents relocate outside Quebec Foreshadows referendums in 1980 and 1995 BUT also about the use of government powers, the curtailing of rights and freedoms, the intimidation of the media, and its impact on Canadian democracy Parti Quebecois and Sovereignty 1976: Parti Quebecois elected in Quebec 1963-69: Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism 1969: Official languages Act 1977: Bill 101 (Charter of the French Language) 1970 party program for the Parti Quebecois 1980 Referendum “The Government of Quebec has made public its proposal to negotiate a new agreement with the rest of Canada, based on the equality of nations; this agreement would enable Quebec to acquire the exclusive power to make its laws, levy its taxes and establish relations abroad — in other words, sovereignty — and at the same time to maintain with Canada an economic association including a common currency; any change in political status resulting from these negotiations will only be implemented with popular approval through Results of the 1980 Quebec another referendum; on these terms, do you give referendum the Government of Quebec the mandate to negotiate the proposed agreement between Quebec and Canada?” Tensions Ebb and Flow Unlike with Trudeau and Lévesque, tensions eased with the more amicable relationship between Robert Bourassa (Liberal) and Brian Mulroney (Progressive Conservative) Failure of Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords Top: Trudeau and Lévesque Bottom: Mulroney and Bourassa 1995 Referendum October 30, 1995 Question on Quebec sovereignty The “No” camp won by a narrow victory (50.58% to 49.42%) Hughes: “What was supposed to be an inclusive nationalism, one that reflected and celebrated a multiethnic and multilingual Quebec, where the rights of all minorities would be A look back at the 1995 Quebec Referendum in 60 protected, fizzled with Parizeau’s seconds, CBC News, 2015. unfortunate word choice.” (p. 144) Twenty-five years since Quebec Referendum, CityNews, 2020. Francophone– Anglophone Relations Strained (again) by recent events, Bill 21 (2019) Bill 96 (2022) Tuition fee changes Some Points for Consideration Generally, relations between anglophones and francophones have ebbed and flowed in response to changing socioeconomic, political and ideological factors Fears of centralization and assimilation and a defense of provincial autonomy contributed to periods of intense Quebec nationalism The October Crisis and the Quebec referendums, among other events, are significant for what they revealed about Canadian unity (or lack thereof), but these events also demonstrate other important themes, including the need for accommodation and a recognition of the diversity that exists in the country Next week: Confederation and the Canadian Constitution Also, CONFERENCES START! AND QUIZ #1 MUST BE COMPLETED.