Great Depression & Election of Duplessis PDF

## Causal conection: Great Depression → Raise in traditional values (cheren) ### Election of Duplessis #### Chapter 2, Part 5 Notes ##### 1. Roaring Twenties - Period of prosperity that followed WW1, throughout the 1920s until Stock Market crash of October 1929. ###### a. Causes: - General mood of...

## Causal conection: Great Depression → Raise in traditional values (cheren) ### Election of Duplessis #### Chapter 2, Part 5 Notes ##### 1. Roaring Twenties - Period of prosperity that followed WW1, throughout the 1920s until Stock Market crash of October 1929. ###### a. Causes: - General mood of happiness after the "Great War" - Economy is booming with reconstruction of Europe - Economic Liberalism and Capitalism led to business growing and producing more ###### b. Consequences: - This context also led to the rise of mass culture, where a bigger number of people would listen to the same radio stations, watch movies in theaters, etc. - Some people will also start to invest in a speculative manner in the stock market, which will eventually lead to its famous crash in 1929. ##### 2. From October 1929 to 1939, Canada and most of the world will experience one of the worst economic crisis of modern times, the Great Depression. ###### a. Causes: - The overproduction in factories and the speculation on the stock exchange led to a panic of investors in October 1929. When investors all tried to sell their stocks, this caused a massive drop in the value of the market, leading to its crash. ###### b. Consequence: - As a result, many people lost their jobs and saw their incomes reduced, leading them to spend less, which in return, exacerbated the situation by causing more job loss as businesses struggled to sell their products furthermore. - This vicious cycle continued throughout the 1930s. - This economic crisis will lead to various, unsuccessful, economic measures implemented by government. - New political parties will emerge in Québec. ##### 3. The Great Depression prompted the emergence of new political parties. ###### a. Due to the Great Depression, many people no longer trusted established parties such as the liberals and conservative. - Their reasoning was: If my government can't fix the situation, then surely another government would do better. ###### b. New political parties emerged at the federal level: - Communist Party (1921) - Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (1933) - National Social Christian Party (1934) - Social Credit (1935) - Advocates more social security and equality. Will later become the NDP. - Fascist party inspired by Hitler's party. - As per its name, they propose the distribution of allowance to citizens (Not unlike welfare). ##### 4. In Quebec, it is mostly the Union Nationale of Maurice Duplessis that will gain attraction. ###### a. Supported by the Catholic Clergy, the Union Nationale will be largely adopted by Quebec who were attracted by its conservative and traditional values. ###### b. Duplessis will be elected in 1936 as Quebec's Premier. - Encouraged by the Catholic Church, its government will promote a return to the traditional rural lifestyle (Small town, farming life). - This government will also mark Quebec's history in a darker way, by hindering the progress of worker's unions and slowing down modernization of Quebec (Education, Economy, Technology, etc.) ##### 5. Clerico-Nationalism started to emerge in Quebec in the 1920s. ###### a. This ideology promoted traditional values such as Catholicism, Family, French Language, culture and way of life. It was obviously promoted by the Catholic clergy. ###### b. Promotion of traditional lifestyle, publication of literature promoting theses ideas such as L'action Française / L'action Nationale. Rise in the popularity of Lionel Groulx, priest and author who wrote novels such as: The Call of the Race. This ideology also explains why the Union Nationale won the elections in 1936. ##### 6. Ecole Social Populaire, an organization, not a school. ###### a. Famous for its nationalist ideas, this organization was on the traditional side. Meaning that it was well positioned with the Church ideology of promoting cooperative, rural lifestyle, etc. ###### b. Saying that Capitalism was the cause of the Great Depression, they were part of the people who advocate a return to the traditional Christian values and farming lifestyle. ##### 7. French Canadian nationalists considered that French Canadians should be more involved in businesses. ###### a. French Canadians were absolutely underrepresented in the business sector. Most businessman and owners in Quebec were Anglophones. ###### b. They promoted the idea that French Canadian culture was at risk unless they managed to increase their presence and their control over the economy. *** Place docs 6,7,8 & 9 in chronological order.