Chapter 23: Vascular Disorders PDF

‭ HAPTER 23: VASCULAR DISORDERS‬ C ‭Tissues depends on vascular system for survival and lack of sufficient blood flow can lead to hypoxia and a buildup up waste‬ ‭products‬ ‭Central perfusion‬ ‭Local perfusion‬ ‭ lood flow pumped by heart to entire vascular‬ B ‭system‬ ‭ Cardiac output and blood pre...

‭ HAPTER 23: VASCULAR DISORDERS‬ C ‭Tissues depends on vascular system for survival and lack of sufficient blood flow can lead to hypoxia and a buildup up waste‬ ‭products‬ ‭Central perfusion‬ ‭Local perfusion‬ ‭ lood flow pumped by heart to entire vascular‬ B ‭system‬ ‭ Cardiac output and blood pressure‬ ‭ Pathologic processes affect entire body‬ ‭ olume of blood flowing through specific tissue‬ V ‭ Controlled by capillaries serving region‬ ‭ Pathologic processes affect specific tissues‬ ‭ eripheral vascular disease refers to conditions affecting circulation is tissues other than the brain or heart‬ P ‭Includes peripheral artery disease and diseases affecting the veins‬ ‭Risk factors include: SMOKING, hypotension, coronary artery disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, family history of vascular disease,‬ ‭Obesity, sedentary life, men more often than women, adults over 50‬ ‭ terial - dry‬ A ‭Venous - wet‬ ‭ aricose veins are a result of weakened valves and veins, usually in the dependent areas such as legs, ankles, and feet‬ V ‭The one way valves in veins keep blood from flowing from the legs up towards the heats and veins can become weak, large, and‬ ‭twisted‬ ‭Risk factors include lifestyle (job with long standing hours), genetics, pregnancy, aging, obesity‬ ‭Treatment: PREVENTION is key - elevating legs, changing positions frequently, compression socks‬ ‭Weight loss, exercise, sclerotherapy, laser‬ ‭ enous thrombosis or DVT occurs when blood clots form in veins located deep inside the body and can cause leg swelling or pain‬ V ‭but can also be asymptomatic. It can be caused by anything that prevents the blood from circulating or clotting normally, injury,‬ ‭surgery, limited movement (prevention is also key)‬ ‭Risk factors include inheriting blood clotting disorder, prolonged best rest or sitting, injury or surgery, pregnancy, birth control pills,‬ ‭hormone replacement therapy, smoking‬ ‭Diagnosis usually requires D dimer test and ultrasound‬ E‭ mbolism is the lodging of a blockage incuse a blood vessel, usually a thrombus but can also be fat globule, bubbles of air, gas‬ ‭embolism, or a foreign material‬ ‭Pulmonary Embolism: occurs when a blood vessel in your lung becomes blocked by a blood clot (thrombus) that travels to your lung fro ‭Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial wall because of calcification‬ ‭‬ ‭Atherosclerosis is a type caused by plaque buildup‬ ‭Risk factors include SMOKING, hypertension and heart disease, high levels of cholesterols, high levels of LDLs, diabetes and or‬ ‭obestory, advanced age, physical inactivity‬ ‭Major clinical manifestation include MI, stoke, PAD‬ ‭Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery to open occluded arteries (angioplasty, stent)‬ ‭ onatherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (NAPAD) is a group of disorders in which blood flow is decreased for reasons other‬ N ‭than plaque buildup for example raynaud's disease with causes decreased blood flow to the fingers because of spasms of blood in‬ ‭those areas in response to cold, stress, or emotional upset‬ ‭Specifically about raynaud disease, manifestations include pale skin, cyanosis, numbness, tingling, burning sensation, ischemia‬ ‭Treatment include avoiding triggers, anti inflammatory meds, calcium channel blockers‬ ‭ hronic venous insufficiency is when the veins are unable to return adequate blood to the heart with most common causes being‬ C ‭deep vein thrombosis and varicose veins‬ ‭Commonly associated with genetic predisposition, pregnancy, age over 50, smoking, lack of physical activity, sanding or sitting for‬ ‭long periods, contraceptives (oral)‬ ‭Clinical manifestation include leg ulcers, varicose veins, DVT‬ ‭Treatment includes preventative measures and education such as exercise, compression socks, smoking cessation, and weight loss‬ ‭as well as radiofrequency, laser ablation, anticoagulants‬ ‭ ypertension is the consistent elevation of blood pressure above 140 mmHg systolic or above 90 mmHg diastolic (can be primary‬ H ‭or secondary)‬ ‭Long term consequences include stroke, heart failure, MI, chronic kidney disease, vision loss, headaches, erectile dysfunction,‬ ‭chest pain and dyspnea‬ ‭Treatment include both non pharmacological and pharmacological approaches‬ ‭‬ ‭Some nonpharmacological approaches include restrict sodium consumption, smoking cessation, limit alcohol optimal‬ ‭wight‬ ‭Primary hypertension‬ ‭Secondary hypertension‬ ‭No known cause but he most common, 90%‬ ‭ as an identifiable cause such as hyperthyroidism, chronic‬ H ‭kidney disease, tumors of the adrenal land… therefore‬ ‭treatment is to remove and address the underlying cause‬ ‭ ssociated factors include genetics, age, race, diet,‬ A ‭smoking and alcohol consumption sedentary lifestyle‬ ‭ ostural hypotension - Orthostatic BP is when there is a fall in Bp of more than or equal to 20 mmHg systolic or more than or equal‬ P ‭to 10 mmHg diastolic or both within 3 minutes of standing upright, this increases the risk of falls, syncope, Cv event in elders‬