Chapter 2 Slides (Parts 1-4) PDF

Chapter 2 Evolution of colonial society under french rule 1608-1760 Part 1 Monopoly of chartered companies Quebec is founded by Champlain in 1608 = start of New-France  Mercantilism Economic system where the strength of a country is measured by its quantity of gold and silver. Competition be...

Chapter 2 Evolution of colonial society under french rule 1608-1760 Part 1 Monopoly of chartered companies Quebec is founded by Champlain in 1608 = start of New-France  Mercantilism Economic system where the strength of a country is measured by its quantity of gold and silver. Competition between European countries Colonies provide raw materials to be exploited: ○ No gold or silver in New France ○ BUT fur… The mother country (France) provides finished products ○ NF is dependant on France Companies The kings of France do not want to finance (pay for) the colonization of NF. Instead, they hire companies to do it for them. Privileges: Obligations: Monopoly of Populating King Louis the XIII trade Administrating (13) Land ownership Defending Full authority Evangelization King: spends nothing, collects taxes ☺ Company of New France (compay of 100 associates) Created by Cardinal Richelieu Champlain invested Monopoly from 1627 to 1645 Cardinal Richelieu, King’s minister The governors Responsibilities: Defense Relations with English colonies Relations with Indigenous peoples Samuel de Champlain: Founder of Québec in 1608 First governor Very devoted to the development of NF The governors work is very difficult: The Iroquois attacked Not many settlers Lack of investments from companies (No $) The companies wanted to make a profit rather than populate the colony. Colony remains a trading colony Only goal was to trade commercially between NF and mother country. The governors prefer a societal colony: Colony where the society reflects that of the mother country Monopoly Mercantilism P. 58-60 P. 61-62 Part 2 Fur Trade Exploitation of the resource Beaver fur was useful in the creation of felt hats. Main providers: Hurons-Wendats Allied with France since 1608 Furs coming from the Great Lakes Competition with the Iroquois War Destruction of Huronia Fun Facts about Beavers A large adult beaver skin yielded enough fur for 18 beaver hats, popular in the 19th century. Despite this, the beaver was hunted and trapped almost to the point of extinction. They are firmly established once more, thanks to a conservation movement started by Grey Owl, the infamous English immigrant who posed as a Métis in the 1930s. 4. Grey Owl claimed to have compiled a “beaver dictionary” by listening to the utterings of his two pet beavers, Rawhide and Jellyroll. He stated that he could recognize 49 “words” and expressions that were intelligible to all beavers, but the manuscript of his dictionary is now missing and presumed lost forever. Exploration of the territory Goal: Fur trade without Hurons-Wendats Path to Asia Construction of forts/trading posts New Colony in Louisiana New France British Colonies NF surrounds the British Colonies Limits their expansion  Commerce Indigenous peoples: Hunts or traps animals Removes and prepares the skin Wears the skins sometimes Voyageurs: Travels by canoe with European products to trade Brings the furs back to St-Lawrence Need a permit (congé de traite) ○ Without “congé de traite”= coureurs des bois Companies : Transport fur to France Sell to artisans for them to make hats or clothes Video P. 66-67 Part 3 French Territory in North America  Founding of Quebec (1608) By Champlain Québec settlement Why here? ○ Defense Easier surveillance River becomes more narrow near Qc Cap Diamant (hill) easy to defend ○ Trade Inhabited by the Indigenous allies Confluence ○ Far from english colonies ○ Fertile land Founding of Quebec  War with the British ○ Québec conquered by the Kirke Brothers in 1629 French return to France ○ Treaty in 1632: returned Quebec land to France Settlement had burnt down Forced to start again Champlain surrendering to Kirke Brothers Founding of Trois-Rivières (1634) By Laviolette At the confluence of Saint-Maurice river and the St Lawrence Closer to the Huron-Wendats for trade Founding of Ville-Marie (1642) By Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance At the Confluence of the St Lawrence and Ottawa river First Goal: evangelize Also commerce  Territorial evolution of New france The territory of NF continues to grow until 1700. Fishing is very important, especially in Newfoundland and Acadia. New France in 1663 New France in 1700 BUT in 1713, after a European war, France and England sign the Treaty of Utrecht. Lose their territory and colonies Construction of the Louisbourg fortress to protect and continue french fishing access Workbook Page 71 Part 4 First Nations warfare and diplomacy Alliance with the Huron-Wendats Governor frontenac participating in Indigenous Advantages for the Europeans rituals ○ Fur ○ Territory expansion ○ Military support against the Dutch and english ○ Helps them adapt to North American life Advantages for the Hurons-Wendats ○ European products ○ Military support against the Iroquois Governor was responsible of maintaining this diplomacy French-Iroquois wars 1609, Champlain accompanies the H-W against the Iroquois ○ Victory, but this is the beginning of bad relations with the Iro.  After 1640, depleting fur = more conflicts ○ The Dutch barter guns and the french hesitate to also barter guns ○ Iroquois have more guns than the H-W ○ Destruction of Huronia ○ Many H-W took refuge near Quebec  The Iroquois continue to attack the french colonies. ○ In 1665, Louis XIV sends the régiment de Carignan-Salières to protect the colony ○ They attack and burn down the Iroquois villages ○ Peace treaty in 1667 ○ Regiment returns to France After 1680, more conflict... Great Peace of Montréal (1701) Finally, an agreement between the French and multiple nations. The Iroquois... ○ Have the right to trade ○ Stay neutral between french and british conflict French will be mediators between the nations if conflict arises Great Peace of Montreal P. 75-76 Quiz Parts 1-4 Monday