Podcast
Questions and Answers
When was Quebec founded?
When was Quebec founded?
1608
What economic system is characterized by the competition between European countries for gold and silver?
What economic system is characterized by the competition between European countries for gold and silver?
The Company of New France was created by Cardinal Richelieu.
The Company of New France was created by Cardinal Richelieu.
True
Which of the following was a responsibility of the governors of New France?
Which of the following was a responsibility of the governors of New France?
Signup and view all the answers
What resource was primarily exploited in New France?
What resource was primarily exploited in New France?
Signup and view all the answers
The Iroquois were allies of the French.
The Iroquois were allies of the French.
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary goal of the voyageur?
What was the primary goal of the voyageur?
Signup and view all the answers
Who founded Ville-Marie?
Who founded Ville-Marie?
Signup and view all the answers
The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in France losing territory and ___________.
The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in France losing territory and ___________.
Signup and view all the answers
Who founded Quebec in 1608?
Who founded Quebec in 1608?
Signup and view all the answers
What economic system measures a country's strength by its quantity of gold and silver?
What economic system measures a country's strength by its quantity of gold and silver?
Signup and view all the answers
New France had significant gold and silver resources.
New France had significant gold and silver resources.
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary resource exploited in New France?
What was the primary resource exploited in New France?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the governors of New France focus on?
What did the governors of New France focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the main goal of the companies operating in New France?
What was the main goal of the companies operating in New France?
Signup and view all the answers
Who claimed to have compiled a 'beaver dictionary'?
Who claimed to have compiled a 'beaver dictionary'?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant effect of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?
What was a significant effect of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?
Signup and view all the answers
The fur trade in New France was primarily based on ______ fur.
The fur trade in New France was primarily based on ______ fur.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following events with their years:
Match the following events with their years:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
New France: 1608 - 1760
- Quebec City founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain marking the beginning of New France.
Mercantilism
- Focused on a nation's gold and silver reserves for power.
- European competition was fierce.
- Colonies provided raw materials like furs (New France).
- The mother country provided finished products.
- New France was dependent on France.
Chartered Companies
- The French Kings didn't want to directly fund New France.
-
Companies granted privileges like:
- Trade monopolies
- Land ownership
- Full authority
-
Obligations of companies:
- Colonization
- Administration of the colony
- Defense
- Evangelization
- The company was a business venture, aiming to make a profit from the trade.
The Company of New France (Company of 100 Associates)
- Founded by Cardinal Richelieu, King Louis XIII's minister
- Champlain was an investor
- Monopoly from 1627 to 1645
Early Governors of New France
- Governors' Responsibilities: Defense, relations with English colonies and Indigenous peoples
- Samuel de Champlain: Founder of Quebec, first governor, dedicated to the development of New France.
Challenges of Early Governance
- Attacks from the Iroquois
- Limited settlers
- Lack of investment from companies
- **The companies prioritized profit, neglecting population growth. **
- New France remained primarily a trading colony.
Fur Trade
- Beaver fur was in high demand for felt hats.
- The Huron-Wendats: Allies of France (1608), supplying furs from the Great Lakes region.
- The fur trade brought conflict with the Iroquois leading to war and the destruction of Huronia.
Exploration and Expansion
- Goal was acquiring furs without Huron-Wendats and finding a route to Asia.
- Establishment of forts and trading posts.
- New France expanded to Louisiana, surrounding British colonies.
French Territory in North America
-
Quebec City
- Built for defense (narrow river, Cap Diamant), trade (Indigenous allies), and to be far from English colonies.
- Fertile land.
-
Siege of Quebec
- Captured by Kirke Brothers in 1629. French were forced back to France.
- Returned to France by treaty in 1632 after the settlement had burned down.
-
Trois-Rivières (Founded 1634)
- Founded by Laviolette at the confluence of the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers.
- Closer to the Huron-Wendats for trade.
-
Ville-Marie (Founded 1642)
- Founded by Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance.
- Located at the confluence of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers.
- First goal was evangelization, but commerce also played a role.
-
Territorial Evolution:
- New France grew until the early 18th century.
- Fishing was vital, especially in Newfoundland and Acadia.
-
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
- France lost most of its North American territory to England, including Newfoundland and Acadia.
-
Construction of Louisbourg
- A key fortification in Acadia vital for the French in the region.
- It was strategically located, with the capability to control sea-trade routes.
The Beginning of New France
- Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608, marking the beginning of New France.
- France's primary goal was to exploit natural resources, particularly beaver fur, for trade with Europe.
Mercantilism and the Role of Companies
- Mercantilism was the dominant economic system, emphasizing national wealth through gold and silver accumulation.
- French kings relied on chartered companies to finance and manage colonization efforts, granting them monopolies and authority.
- The Company of New France, established by Cardinal Richelieu, held a monopoly on trade from 1627 to 1645.
The Governors of New France
- Governors were responsible for defense, relations with other colonies, and dealings with Indigenous communities.
- Samuel de Champlain was the first governor, dedicated to New France's development.
- The governors faced challenges like Iroquois attacks, limited settlement, and insufficient investment from companies.
The Fur Trade and its Impact
- The demand for beaver fur, used in felt hats, drove exploration and trade.
- The Huron-Wendats were key partners, supplying fur from the Great Lakes, but faced conflict with the Iroquois.
- The destruction of Huronia in the mid-17th century led to a shift in trade strategies.
Expanding New France: Forts and Outposts
- Fort and trading post construction expanded New France's reach, seeking new fur sources and a route to Asia.
- The establishment of a colony in Louisiana further solidified France's presence in North America.
The Voyageurs and Commerce
- Indigenous peoples were essential to the fur trade, hunting, trapping, and preparing the furs.
- Voyageurs were skilled canoeists who transported goods and furs between New France and Europe.
- The "congé de traite" was a permit required for fur trading, and those who operated without it were known as "coureurs des bois."
Establishing a French Presence
- Quebec's strategic location offered advantages for defense, trade, and proximity to Indigenous allies.
- The city was conquered by the Kirke brothers in 1629 but returned to France in 1632.
- Trois-Rivières (1634) was founded for its strategic location on the St. Lawrence and proximity to the Huron-Wendats.
- Ville-Marie (1642) saw the arrival of Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance, with a focus on evangelization and commerce.
Territorial Evolution
- New France's territory expanded until 1700, encompassing fishing grounds in Newfoundland and Acadia.
- The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 resulted in the loss of territories and colonies to England.
The Legacy of New France
- The era under French rule shaped the historical and cultural landscape of North America.
- The struggle for control of the fur trade, conflicts with Indigenous communities, and expanding French territory influenced the course of North American history.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the foundational period of New France from its establishment in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain to its dynamics of mercantilism and corporate governance. Explore key concepts like trade monopolies and the role of chartered companies in the colony's development and administration.
