Chapter 12 Adulthood & The Family PDF

Chapter 12 Adulthood and the Family  Adulthood as Continuing Change Adulthood begins at age 18 years Growth and development continue throughout the life span Divided into three segments  Young adulthood—ages 20 to 35 Achievement stage  Middle adulthood—ages 35 to 65...

Chapter 12 Adulthood and the Family  Adulthood as Continuing Change Adulthood begins at age 18 years Growth and development continue throughout the life span Divided into three segments  Young adulthood—ages 20 to 35 Achievement stage  Middle adulthood—ages 35 to 65 Responsibility stage, executive sub stage  Older adulthood—65 to death Erikson’s Stages of Adult Psychosocial Development pg. 148  Young adult stage (20 – 35 years)  Intimacy vs. Isolation  Intimacy refers to close, meaningful/intense relationships Want to give of themselves and to be committed to others  Isolation refers to keeping to themselves, no relationships  Middle adult stage (35 – 65 years)  Generativity vs. Stagnation Willing and eager to help young people, their own children and grandchildren, and others in their community is generativity. Guiding the lives of others Middle adults who are stagnant may have trouble keeping a job, are not interested in volunteering, and are self-involved. (stagnation)  Older adult stage (65 years to death)  Ego Integrity vs. Despair Reflect back on life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from live well lived or a sense of regret/despair over life misspent.  Families  Defined as a group of individuals who care about and for each other We are social beings, families play a huge part on our development Provide structure in which children learn basic values and how to relate to others Remain important throughout life span Patient Centered Care is important concept, which includes family as an important piece. Being respectful of family values and communication is part of patient centered care  Young Adults 20-35 years  Millennials (1982-2000) now outnumber the baby boomers and make up over one quarter of the US population  More ethnically diverse compared to previous generations  Decade after high school is a transition time, moving into new roles and responsibilities.  Major events in young adulthood  Achieving economic independence (college may delay this)  Making decisions independently  Some go off to college, some take a trade job, some are starting families. Increase in young adults waiting till later for marriage  Decisions young adults make during these years influence the rest of their lives  Growing toward maturity with philosophy of life based on belief system and personal ethics  Physical Development Young Adult  Strength, endurance, and energy are at high levels—at physical peak  Skeletal development complete  Dental maturity complete  Physical and brain growth peak in the 20s  Physically, the best years for reproduction are ages 19 to 26  Sexual preferences identified Review “Health Habits for Young Adults” pg. 167 Health Concerns of Young Adults  Risky behavior  Chemical abuse, overeating, inadequate sleep, inactive lifestyle, sexual promiscuity  Death normally occurs due to accidents, homicide, or suicide  Stress-related illness  Headaches, gastric ulcers, hypertension, obesity, DM  May use alcohol or other drugs to relieve stress  Health Concerns of Young Adults (cont’d)  Early disease  Development of disease’s, especially cancer Women in their 20s and 30s should have a breast examination every 3 years by a health care provider and a screening mammogram annually starting at age 45 (or age 40 if desired), then every 2 years after age 55 as long as the woman remains in good health. Women should have an annual Pap smear/pelvic exam to screen for cervical cancer Some providers recommend that men perform monthly testicular self-examination beginning at age 15 Woman at higher risk should have annual mammograms and MRI’s Ladies….know those boobies!!!  Annual physical examinations are encouraged, to check for CVD, HTN, DM, hypercholesterolemia. Keep immunizations up to date (boosters)  Cognitive Development Young Adult  Intelligence applied to higher education and career development  Young adults more able to reason, solve problems, and set reasonable goals  Cognitive development is aided by support of others  Young adults may need guidance to identify their goals clearly and continue striving toward them.  Careers and Work  Ability to earn a living is an important accomplishment in young adulthood.  Gives sense of identity; increases self-worth and respect, personal/social/financial survival.  Young adults want work to:  Be interesting and pay adequately  Use their skills  Provide the opportunity for advancement  Career vs. family may cause conflict  Psychosocial Development  Independence from parents  May become boomerang children (return home temporarily). May bring children along.  Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson). Important that development of meaningful relationships with others continue. If this task is not accomplished, young adults may not trust others, will be hesitant to develop close relationships. Will withdrawal and could become depressed  Personality continues to develop  Developmental Tasks  Marriage  Whether to marry is a major concern in young adulthood  Requires mutual respect, sharing, and commitment  Fear of making a poor choice is one reason people decide to cohabit before or instead of marrying  Although opposites may attract, successful marriages often involve partners who share basic values and philosophies about life  Single adults  Independent with their time and money  Responsible for their own decisions  Many report loneliness.  Developmental Tasks (cont’d)  Parenting  Becoming a parent occurs for many people during young adulthood  Some women delay having children in favor of career development  Childbearing is only the beginning of parenting Day care, discipline, and other child-rearing aspects continue for years  Home management  Tasks in making life run smoothly need regular attention (e.g., buying groceries)  Developing a social group  Friendships beyond the extended family valuable  Middle Adulthood  Ages 35 to 65 years  Generativity vs. Stagnation  Viewed as the best years of life  Viewed as leaders  Expansion of social and personal development  May be reluctant to admit to being middle- aged  Physical Development  Changes apparent in middle years  Middle adults often seek ways to slow aging  Rate of change, even changes of aging will vary among individuals Common Changes:  Weight redistribution/increased body fat  Men add inches to their waist  Women add inches to hips and thighs  Presbyopia: decreased flexibility of eyelids, making near vision difficult needing reading glasses.  Presbycusis: loss of hearing. Higher pitch sounds go first  Gradual compression of spinal cord, loss of 1 inch in height  Menopause, Andropause (low testosterone levels), slower reaction time  Graying hair, thinning skin, wrinkles, food intolerances, increased hair/nose/eyebrow hair in men  Decreased muscle mass, muscle tone, fatigue earlier  Increased BP r/t arteries less elastic Please review, know, and understand.. Hearing Loss in Middle Adults pg. 170 Bone Health in Middle Adults pg. 170-171 Blood Pressure Control in Middle Adults pg. 171 Signs & Symptoms with Menopause Box 12.5 pg. 171 Read about Menopause/Andropause pg. 167  Health Concerns  Those who take care of themselves are generally healthier than those who do not  Screening for diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, colon cancer at regular intervals  Leading causes of death in the 50s and 60s:  Heart disease  Cancer  Chronic lower respiratory disease  Accidents  Stroke  Major health problems include:  Accidents  Alcohol abuse  Obesity  Diabetes  Heart disease  Hypertension  Mental illness  Cognitive Development  Early signs of illnesses may cause the impression of slight mental declines  People who are active and use their intellect remain bright and interested in life  Memory may change in midlife  Middle adults often need to work harder at remembering things, lists/notes helpful People should not be overly concerned about forgetfulness; it is more likely related to a busy life than to cognitive problems. Read Health Promotion pg. 172  Work Life  Satisfaction with work part of cognitive development  Increased income and responsibilities accompanying career growth explain increased satisfaction  Adults may make a conscious decision to make a midlife career change  Middle adults forced to make changes may have a difficult time adjusting  Many middle adults are finding as retirement approaches, they do not have financial reserves necessary.  Lifelong Learning  Many adults discover that returning to college is rewarding and challenging  Education may fulfill a lifelong goal, it may be to keep a job, or it may be to prepare for a career change  Women who chose to raise a family are especially likely to prepare for new jobs  Psychosocial Development Middle Adult  Marriage  Some improve as children leave home and child- rearing responsibilities lessen  A couple who has been unhappy for years may decide to divorce when the children are gone  Changing roles and responsibilities can create or intensify marital problems  Empty nest syndrome Children have gone, causing a sense of loss and sadness Affects some who have centered their lives on their children  Friendships  Need for close friends in middle adulthood  New importance in relationships with siblings  More time for each other than in the past  Parenting  Middle adults gain satisfaction in realizing that their child is a responsible young adult  Grandchildren add another dimension to the family  Grandparents usually enjoy baby-sitting and inclusion in the younger family’s life Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Caring for Parents  Middle adults often the “sandwich” generation  Care for dependent children at home and aging parents who need caregiving  May be a cause for increased stress  Daughters and daughters-in-law often become primary caregivers for elderly parents  Community support is available and may be helpful  Generativity  Generativity vs. Stagnation  Concerned for others and want to contribute  Through social activities, leadership roles in community/religious organizations, career  Mentors (teachers or coaches) to younger adults  Accept that life is not simple and that they cannot control very much in it. Midlife crisis Middle adults realize that they are no longer young. They begin to evaluate their self-concept and their role in the world. Stagnation: inability to grow