Clinical Chemistry 1 (PDF) - AY 2022-2023

CLIN. CHEMISTRY 1 02 [LEC] | Introduction to Clinical Chemistry PRELIMS A.Y. 2022-2023 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Julius Elster And Hans Friedrich Clinical chemistry is defined as the study of Geitel (1893) bio...

CLIN. CHEMISTRY 1 02 [LEC] | Introduction to Clinical Chemistry PRELIMS A.Y. 2022-2023 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Julius Elster And Hans Friedrich Clinical chemistry is defined as the study of Geitel (1893) biochemical processes and qualitative and Invented the photoelectric cell (converts light into electrical quantitative analyses of constituents in body energy) fluids or tissues to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The chemistry section of the laboratory involves laboratory analyses that can evaluate Theodore William Richards (1893) the general condition of an organ of the body. Invented the nephelometer (measures the size and Chemistry profiles or panels are groups of concentration of the particles tests used to evaluate a particular organ, suspended in a liquid or gas by body system or the general health of a means of light scatter) patient. - Example: Lipid Profile consists of chole, Otto Folin (1907) TAG, HDL, and LDL. Developed test for urine analytes (urea, NH4, crea, UA, total nitrogen, Brief History of Clinical Chemistry P, Cl, total SO4 & acidity) Attempted to measure blood PHOTO KEY FIGURE & MILESTONE ammonia Introduced the colorimetric Antoine De Fourcroy (1789) method for epinephrine or Discovered cholesterol adrenaline (plays a role in fight and flight response) Published the 1st reference values of UA (uric acid), NPN (non-protein nitrogen) & CHON (protein) in blood Established the relationship of Gerardus Mulder (1830) NPN’s to renal function Performed the 1st elemental Developed FOLIN CIOCALTEU chemical analysis of proteins reagent Considered the “Father of Clinical Chemistry” (Northeastern part of USA) Otto Folin (1929) Introduced the use of the light Prosper Sylvain Denis (1841) filter in colorimetry Described the separation of blood proteins into albumins and 1920: 1st lab method for serum globulins by salt precipitation phosphorus 1921: 1st lab method for serum magnesium Herman Fehling (1848) Arne Tiselius (1926) Performed the 1st quantitative Developed the moving boundary test for urine sugar for electrophoresis of proteins Arne Tiselius (1946) Developed the separation of proteins by chromatography (used for the separation of Jules Duboscq (1854) mixtures) Developed the 1st visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law (means the concentration of a Kay (1930) chemical solution is directly Developed the first test for ALP proportional to its absorption of (alkaline phosphatase) which light) started clinical enzymology Max Jaffe (1886) Cherry and Crandall (1932) Developed the alkaline picrate Developed the first test for serum method for the determination of lipase creatinine (one of the renal function tests) Somogyi (1938) Developed tests for serum and BLESSY MAE D. Page | 1  CC1 LEC | MLS 301 urine amylase J. Westgard (1973) Introduced Westgard Control Gutman (1938) rules into Clinical laboratory QC Developed the 1st assay of ACP (acid phosphatase) Conway and Cook (1939) Developed the 1st lab method for blood ammonia 1940 Visual colorimeters began to be replaced by photoelectric colorimeters 1948 American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC) was founded Levey And Jennings (1950) Adapted the Shewhart Quality Control chart to be used in clinical laboratories (determines whether a process is in control; uses the Westgard rule) Kuby (1954) Developed the lab method for serum creatine phosphokinase activity Wroblewski And La Due (1955) Developed the lab method for serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) Wroblewski And La Due (1956) Developed the method for serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase; formerly SGPT or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) & recognized its greater specificity for liver disease Karmen (1955) Developed the clinical laboratory method for AST (aspartate aminotransferase; formerly known as SGOT or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) 1960 Developed 1st method of the enzyme GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) in serum is introduced Feichtmeier Invented the mechanical pipettor Siegelman (1962) Developed a method for glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH) Savory (1971) NOTE: The content of the transes are referenced from the Developed serum albumin assay learning materials provided by the Faculty of the LPU on the Technicon Auto Analyzer Batangas - MLS Department. It also contains additional inputs from the CAMP professors during class discussions (1955) and supplemental information from different reliable sites. BLESSY MAE D. Page | 2