Biostatistics & Demography - Lecture 6 (2024) PDF

BIOSTATISTICS & DEMOGRAPHY NURSING ADMINISTRATION & PSYCHIATRIC NURSING Ministry of Health & Wellness In-Service Education Unit LECTURE # 6 Presented by: Hank Williams March 8, 2024 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH  Annual Population growth rate has been below 1% since 2010.  Population was estimated at...

BIOSTATISTICS & DEMOGRAPHY NURSING ADMINISTRATION & PSYCHIATRIC NURSING Ministry of Health & Wellness In-Service Education Unit LECTURE # 6 Presented by: Hank Williams March 8, 2024 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH  Annual Population growth rate has been below 1% since 2010.  Population was estimated at 2.97 million in 2021. POPULATION STRUCTURE Selected Age Groups 0-14 years 15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years 65 years and over 25.20% 17.94% 38.06% 9.63% 9.17% MEDIAN AGE Median Age 30.5 30 29.5 29 28.5 28 27.5 Total Male Female KEY INDICATORS IN JAMAICA Infant mortality rate total: 11.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.) Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 98 male(s)/female (2020 est.) Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.2 years male: 73.4 years female: 77.1 years (2020 est.) Total fertility rate 2.07 children born/woman (2020 est.) KEY INDICATORS IN JAMAICA HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate 1.4% (2019 est.) HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS 32,000 (2019 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths 1,000 (2019 est.) Drinking water source improved: urban: 98.5% of population rural: 93% of population total: 96% of population unimproved: urban: 1.5% of population rural: 7% of population total: 4% of population (2017 est.) Sanitation facility access improved: urban: 98.5% of population rural: 99.5% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 1.5% of population rural: 0.5% of population total: 1% of population (2017 est.) KEY INDICATORS IN JAMAICA Literacy definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 88.7% male: 84% female: 93.1% (2015) Maternal mortality rate 80 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Children under the age of 5 years underweight 2.2% (2014) Health expenditures 6% (2017) Physicians density 1.31 physicians/1,000 population (2017) Hospital bed density 1.7 beds/1,000 population (2017) Obesity - adult prevalence rate 24.7% (2016) VITAL STATISTICS Statistics relating to births, deaths, marriages and divorces. Create an unique identification for each person To collect data on the vital events happening in a population. Help to understand demographic characteristics of different populations at different points in time. Collected by the Registrar General’s Department. VIRTAL RATES Refer to how fast vital statistics change in a population. TYPES OF VITAL RATES Crude rates measure vital statistics in a general population (overall change in births and deaths per 1000). Refined rates measure the change in vital statistics in a specific demographic (such as age, sex, race, etc.) WHAT IS FERTILITY? Production of a live birth Captures the reproductive history of a woman, a man or a group such as a community FERTILITY IN POPULATION Parity = Number of children born alive to a woman Gravidity = Number of pregnancies a woman has had whether or not they produce a live birth Fecundity = Physiological capacity to conceive LIVE BIRTH Complete expulsion or extraction of a fetus from mother, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR) CLASSWORK #1 A hypothetical country reported the following data: Number of births in 1998 = 100,513 Estimated 1998 mid-year population = 1,746,605 CLASSWORK #1 A hypothetical country reported the following data: Number of births in 1998 = 100,513 Estimated 1998 mid-year population = 1,746,605 100,513 CBR = 1,746,605 X 1,000 = 58 58 live births per 1,000 women of the reproductive population GENERAL FERTILITY RATE (GFR) CLASSWORK #2 What is the general fertility rate for the Calhoun region in 2020? Age of women 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Number of Number of women births 1,936,480 133,901 1,815,627 250,361 1,673,084 204,436 1,479,915 122,778 1,353,079 67,755 1,280,223 24,275 1,233,088 6,089  Mid-Year Population In 2020 = 20,734,092  Number of Children under 5 years In 2020 = 415,721 CLASSWORK #2 The general fertility rate for the Calhoun region in 2020: 809,595 GFR = 10,771,496 X 1,000 = 75 There were 75 births per 1,000 women of reproductive reproductive age in the Calhoun region in 2020. CHILD-WOMAN RATIO CLASSWORK #3 What is the child-woman ratio for the Calhoun region in 2020? Age of women 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Number of Number of women births 1,936,480 133,901 1,815,627 250,361 1,673,084 204,436 1,479,915 122,778 1,353,079 67,755 1,280,223 24,275 1,233,088 6,089  Mid-Year Population In 2020 = 20,734,092  Number of Children under 5 years In 2020 = 415,721 CLASSWORK #3 The child-woman ratio for the Calhoun region in 2020: 415,721 GFR = 10,771,496 X 1,000 = 39 There were 39 children under 5 years per 1,000 women of childbearing age in the Calhoun region in 2020. AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE (ASFR) CLASSWORK #4 Age of women Number of women Number of births ASFR 15-19 936,480 133,901 ?? 20-24 815,627 250,361 ?? 25-29 673,084 204,436 ?? 30-34 479,915 122,778 ?? 35-39 353,079 67,755 ?? 40-44 280,223 24,275 ?? 45-49 233,088 6,089 ?? CLASSWORK #4 Age of women Number of women Number of births ASFR 15-19 936,480 133,901 143 20-24 815,627 250,361 307 25-29 673,084 204,436 304 30-34 479,915 122,778 256 35-39 353,079 67,755 192 40-44 280,223 24,275 87 45-49 233,088 6,089 26 MORTALITY Measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specified interval. One of the most commonly studied phenomena in the field of demography. MORTALITY RATES Crude Death Rate (CDR)  Number of deaths per 1,000 population during a given time period of time Number of Deaths Mid-year population X 1,000 CLASSWORK #5 A hypothetical country reported the following data: Number of deaths in 1998 = 76,513 Estimated 1998 mid-year population = 1,746,605 CLASSWORK #5 A hypothetical country reported the following data: Number of deaths in 1998 = 76,513 Estimated 1998 mid-year population = 1,746,605 76,513 CDR = 1,746,605 X 1,000 = 44 There were 44 deaths for every 1,000 persons in the country in 1998 MORTALITY RATES Cause-Specific Death Rate (CSDR)  Number of deaths per 1,000 population of a specified cause during a given time period of time Number of Deaths in a specified cause Mid-year population X 100,000 MORTALITY RATES Age Specific Death Rate (ASDR)  Number of deaths per 1,000 population of specific age groups during a given time period of time Number of Deaths in Specific Age Group Mid-year population in Specific Age Group X 100,000 CLASSWORK #6 In the year 2000, City Z had a population of 200,000. The number of reported cases of colon cancer were 200. Only 80 were diagnosed in 2000. The Registrar General’s Department reported that 50 deaths were attributed to colon cancer in City Z. What is the cause-specific death rate for City Z attributed to colon cancer? CLASSWORK #6 In the year 2000, City Z had a population of 200,000. The number of reported cases of colon cancer were 200. Only 80 were diagnosed in 2000. The Registrar General’s Department reported that 50 deaths were attributed to colon cancer in City Z. What is the cause-specific death rate for City Z attributed to colon cancer? 50 CDR = 200,000 X 100,000 = 25 There were 25 deaths attributed to colon cancer for every 100,000 population in City Z in 2000. Age Interval