BIOS 151 - Computer System Structure PDF

BIOS 151: Medical Informatics Computer System Structure by: Mr. Srinath Weerasena Core Components Any Computer system consist of these 2 components Hardware 4 Main Types Software: 2 Main Types Basic Computer Architecture Von Neumann Architecture Computing Cycle All activi...

BIOS 151: Medical Informatics Computer System Structure by: Mr. Srinath Weerasena Core Components Any Computer system consist of these 2 components Hardware 4 Main Types Software: 2 Main Types Basic Computer Architecture Von Neumann Architecture Computing Cycle All activity within a computer system Instruction Cycle Fetch Decode Execute Computer Hardware 4 Major Types Input Output Processor Memory / Storage Intermediary Component - BUS Critical Intermediary Hardware Component A system that transfers data between 2 or more components within a computer system. Usually this is used to transfer data between 2 components that operates at different speeds Measurement of Memory / Storage A bit – A Binary On / Off Denoted by (b) A Byte – 8 Bits Denoted by (B) Kilo – 1024 Mega – 1 048 576 Measurement of Memory / Storage Conversion of units Storage & Memory Memory Usually refers to system memory that a computer system uses to carry out instructions Volatile Memory Shorty Term Memory Commonly called RAM Storage Relatively permanent repository of computer processed data Non-Volatile Used to store and reference for long term Types of Memory RAM – Random Access Memory ROM – Read Only Memory PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Processor Performance measured by Clock Speed (Frequency) Each cycle carries out an instruction Unit of measure: Hz (Khz, Mhz, Ghz) Very Important sub-component: CPU Cache A Memory component used to decrease the cost of data access from main memory Usually a memory type faster than Main Memory Usually significantly smaller than Main Memory Measured in B (Usually MB) Input / Output Usually connected as a Peripheral Device An intermediary device that is used to input data into a computer and or output data out of a computer. Connected using a computer port Managed & Handled by the End User Or as an Embedded Device Connected internally in the CPU Direct connection to the motherboard Not managed by the end user. Peripheral Devices A Peripheral device can be categorized as Input Device Output Device Input/output Device Peripheral Devices Keyboard Touch Screen Mouse Multi-Function Printer Monitor Projector Touch Pad Microphone Speaker Headphones Printer Headset Document Scanner Barcode Scanner Computer Ports (Hardware) USB – Universal Serial Bus Connection to any type of device Can provide power to the peripheral device VGA – Video Graphics Array Video output interface HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface Audio, Video & other output interface Computer Ports (Hardware) DP – Display Port Audio, Video & other output interface Audio Port (3.5 mm) Input and Output Audio signals Ethernet Port Used for Network connections