Cloud Architecture- Layers PDF

Unit-1 Cloud Architecture- Layers Layers in Cloud Architecture Dr. Virendra Singh Kushwah Senior Assistant Professor School of Computing Science and Engineering [email protected]  General Information Each student has to take class on time. After 10 M...

Unit-1 Cloud Architecture- Layers Layers in Cloud Architecture Dr. Virendra Singh Kushwah Senior Assistant Professor School of Computing Science and Engineering [email protected]  General Information Each student has to take class on time. After 10 Minutes of starting the class, attendance will be taken and thereafter no one will get attendance. No excuses will be stand. In between you can ask question, if you have any problem but do not ask unnecessary or meaningless question. Notes and other study materials will be shared by google classroom. Internal assessment will be conducted during the semester via Quizzes, Assignments, Tutorials etc. Course Objectives CO1. To learn the cloud computing layered architecture and models. CO2. To learn cloud services based on web and service-oriented architecture. CO3. To learn the management of cloud services. CO4. To learn cloud application development. CO5. To develop and implement cloud IT model. Reference Books Gautam Shroff, “Enterprise Cloud Computing Technology Architecture Applications.” Cambridge University Press; 1 edition, ISBN: 978-0521137355, 2010. Rajkumar Buyya, “Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms.” John Wiley & Sons, First Edition. Cloud Computing Bible. Barrie Sosinsky. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN-13: 978- 0470903568. Amazon Web Services for Dummies. Bernard Golden. For Dummies. ISBN-13: 978- 1118571835 Cloud Computing Architecture and Applications. IntechOpen, ISBN: 9789535132431 Dimitris N. Chorafas, “Cloud Computing Strategies” CRC Press; 1 edition [ISBN: 1439834539] 2010. Let’s Start the Course  Cloud computing is a business model and not a technology. We will explore the fundamentals of cloud – the cloud computing layers. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) The basic layer of cloud is the infrastructure –IaaS (Infrastructure as a service). This layer is basically hardware and network. What distinguishes this from a regular server or hosting company are mainly two things: scalability and virtualisation. What is most important is scalability. The true IaaS vendors are scaling their IaaS layer into such huge quantities that the marginal cost of adding more GHz, GB, storage, and so on, are converging towards zero. One of the first services where this was seen was in Gmail, the Google email service where each user gets around 20 GB of free storage. In order to do this, Google built gigantic data centres consisting of (probably) millions of servers. The second difference from traditional hosting is virtualisation. This is a piece of software that virtualises all the hardware. Virtualisation lets the IaaS vendor utilise their computing resources to as high as 90 %, compared to an individual company having their own servers idle most of the time. Platform as a Service (PaaS) The second layer of the cloud is the platform – the PaaS (Platform as a service). The platform layer provides resources to actually build applications. In combination with IaaS, PaaS provides the ability to develop, test, run, and host applications. The platform layer opens up for third parties to add their software (or integrations) to a cloud service. An example of a well-known PaaS is Microsoft Azure. This platform provides developers with swift access to a full development and deployment environment and even let you host the application you are building. Software as a Service (SaaS) The third cloud layer is the actual Software – the SaaS (Software as a service). SaaS has been used for many years, but in a Cloud setting, it is the layer in which the user consumes the offering from the service provider. The SaaS layer must be web-based and hence accessible from everywhere and preferably on any device. The key is to understand that it makes no sense to ask whether a service is cloud or SaaS, as SaaS is a layer in the cloud stack. On the other hand, it is important to understand that cloud is much more than SaaS, due to the other layers that bundled together makes out the whole cloud stack. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) The top layer of the cloud is Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). As BPO certainly is not technology, there are discussions about whether BPO can be regarded as a cloud layer. But, as mentioned in the beginning of the article, the cloud is all about business models, not technology. Whereas the other layers of the cloud are concerned with consuming services from a vendor, BPO is about outsourcing services to a vendor and hence the same logic applies as the other layers. The layers are only a fraction of what cloud is about, but it is important to understand this concept as it is the core of cloud computing. The picture shows the stack of layers. Cloud Architecture- Layers Application Layer 1. The application layer, which is at the top of the stack, is where the actual cloud apps are located. Cloud applications, as opposed to traditional applications, can take advantage of the automatic-scaling functionality to gain greater performance, availability, and lower operational costs. 2. This layer consists of different Cloud Services which are used by cloud users. Users can access these applications according to their needs. Applications are divided into Execution layers and Application layers. 3. In order for an application to transfer data, the application layer determines whether communication partners are available. Whether enough cloud resources are accessible for the required communication is decided at the application layer. Applications must cooperate in order to communicate, and an application layer is in charge of this. 4. The application layer, in particular, is responsible for processing IP traffic handling protocols like Telnet and FTP. Other examples of application layer systems include web browsers, SNMP protocols, HTTP protocols, or HTTPS, which is HTTP’s successor protocol. Platform Layer 1. The operating system and application software make up this layer. 2. Users should be able to rely on the platform to provide them with Scalability, Dependability, and Security Protection which gives users a space to create their apps, test operational processes, and keep track of execution outcomes and performance. SaaS application implementation’s application layer foundation. 3. The objective of this layer is to deploy applications directly on virtual machines. 4. Operating systems and application frameworks make up the platform layer, which is built on top of the infrastructure layer. The platform layer’s goal is to lessen the difficulty of deploying programmers directly into VM containers. 5. By way of illustration, Google App Engine functions at the platform layer to provide API support for implementing storage, databases, and business logic of ordinary web apps. Infrastructure Layer 1. It is a layer of virtualization where physical resources are divided into a collection of virtual resources using virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, and VMware. 2. This layer serves as the Central Hub of the Cloud Environment, where resources are constantly added utilizing a variety of virtualization techniques. 3. A base upon which to create the platform layer. constructed using the virtualized network, storage, and computing resources. Give users the flexibility they want. 4. Automated resource provisioning is made possible by virtualization, which also improves infrastructure management. 5. The infrastructure layer sometimes referred to as the virtualization layer, partitions the physical resources using virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, Hyper-V, and VMware to create a pool of compute and storage resources. 6. The infrastructure layer is crucial to cloud computing since virtualization technologies are the only ones that can provide many vital capabilities, like dynamic resource assignment. Datacenter Layer 1. In a cloud environment, this layer is responsible for Managing Physical Resources such as servers, switches, routers, power supplies, and cooling systems. 2. Providing end users with services requires all resources to be available and managed in data centers. 3. Physical servers connect through high-speed devices such as routers and switches to the data center. 4. In software application designs, the division of business logic from the persistent data it manipulates is well-established. This is due to the fact that the same data cannot be incorporated into a single application because it can be used in numerous ways to support numerous use cases. The requirement for this data to become a service has arisen with the introduction of microservices. 5. A single database used by many microservices creates a very close coupling. As a result, it is hard to deploy new or emerging services separately if such services need database modifications that may have an impact on other services. A data layer containing many databases, each serving a single microservice or perhaps a few closely related microservices, is needed to break complex service interdependencies. Layers of Cloud Computing In the vast realm of cloud computing, understanding the different layers is essential for businesses and individuals seeking to leverage its benefits. Cloud computing operates on a layered architecture that encompasses Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Let us know them in detail. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Building Blocks of the Cloud At the foundation of cloud computing lies Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a fundamental layer of cloud computing, providing the building blocks for scalable and flexible IT infrastructure. With IaaS, businesses can leverage virtualized computing resources, including servers, storage, and networking, eliminating the need for physical infrastructure maintenance. This cloud model offers numerous advantages, such as cost savings, on-demand scalability, and increased efficiency. By outsourcing infrastructure management to trusted providers, organizations can focus on their core operations and rapidly adapt to changing business needs. Embracing IaaS empowers businesses to harness the full potential of the cloud and unlock new levels of agility and productivity. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Empowering Developers Moving up the layered architecture of cloud computing, we encounter Platform as a Service (PaaS). Platform as a Service (PaaS) has revolutionized the world of cloud computing by empowering developers with powerful tools and resources. This layer of cloud computing provides a ready-made platform, including operating systems, development frameworks, and database management systems, eliminating the need for developers to build and maintain their own infrastructure. PaaS enables faster development cycles, seamless scalability, and collaborative workflows, allowing developers to focus on creating innovative applications rather than worrying about the underlying infrastructure. By leveraging PaaS, developers can unleash their creativity, accelerate time-to-market, and build robust solutions that cater to the ever-evolving demands of the digital landscape. Software as a Service (SaaS): Ready- to-Use Applications The top layer of cloud computing is Software as a Service (SaaS). Of the layers of cloud computing, SaaS delivers ready-to-use applications that are accessible over the internet. It offers businesses the convenience of accessing software applications over the Internet, eliminating the need for local installations. With SaaS, users can leverage powerful tools and applications hosted on remote servers, reducing costs and eliminating the burden of software maintenance. From productivity suites to customer relationship management (CRM) systems, SaaS provides scalability, flexibility, and easy accessibility. Embracing SaaS empowers businesses to streamline operations, enhance collaboration, and focus on their core competencies while relying on reliable and secure cloud-based solutions.