Cloud and Virtualization Concepts PDF

Cloud and Virtualization Concepts Why learn virtualization? Modern computing is more efficient due to virtualization Virtualization can be used for mobile, personal and cloud computing You can also use virtualization in your personal life © Network...

Cloud and Virtualization Concepts Why learn virtualization? Modern computing is more efficient due to virtualization Virtualization can be used for mobile, personal and cloud computing You can also use virtualization in your personal life © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content This content will cover Understand the benefits of virtualization Be able to describe virtualization, virtual machines and hypervisors Describe typical data center components that are virtualized Become familiar with VMware technology popular in industry © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Virtualization Benefits Have you ever wished you could clone yourself? If you could, would you be more efficient? Would you do more? Virtualization enables computers to be more efficient in a similar fashion Computers that use virtualization optimize the available compute resources © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content What is virtualization? Virtualization is the “layer” of technology that goes between the physical hardware of a device and the operating system to create one or more copies of the device. © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content What is a VM? Virtualization creates virtual hardware by cloning physical hardware The hypervisor uses virtual hardware to create a virtual machine (VM) A VM is a set of files With a hypervisor and VMs, one computer can run multiple OS simultaneously © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content The Hypervisor What is a Hypervisor? Software installed on top of hardware that created virtualization layer Hosts VMs Type 1 Hypervisor – Bare metal hypervisor (VMware ESXi) Type 2 Hypervisor – Hosted hypervisor (VMware Workstation) © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Virtual Machine Files VMs can be exported and moved to other hosts Files are created by the hypervisor and stored in a directory Example File Type VM files: File Name Description Log File.log Keeps a log of VM activity Disk File.vmdk Stores content of VM’s disk drive Snapshot Files.vmsd and Stores information about.vmsn VM snapshots (saved VM state) Configuration File.vmx Stores information about VM name, BIOS, guest OS, and memory © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content What is a snapshot? Working on a VM and need to save progress or state Snapshots are saved as files in the VM folder (.vmx) What is saved by a snapshot? - State of VM disks - Contents of VM memory - VM settings © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content The Data Center What is a Data Center? Hardware infrastructure that supports virtualization Focus is on processing large amounts of data What are the three main components? - Compute - Storage - Networks © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Compute Systems Hardware and operating system software that runs applications Difference between a PC and a server - PCs have user-friendly interface while servers focus on running programs Types of servers: - Tower - Blade server - Rack-mounted server © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Networks Transfer data across the data center so devices can communicate What type of hardware is used for networking? © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Storage Data center storage should have two features: availability and redundancy © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Storage - RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks Hard drives linked together to create a large volume of redundant storage What are the three methods of writing to RAID? - Mirroring - Striping - Parity What do the RAID numbers mean (i.e., 0, 1, 5)? © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content  Storage - Block vs. File Level Block-Level Storage – Data is written to and accessed from storage volumes (blocks) File-Level Storage – Data is written to disks but accessed from default file system © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Storage – Types of Data Center Storage DAS – Storage device is directly attached to a server (block- level) NAS – Storage device is attached to a network, servers on the network can access device (file-level) SAN – Clustered storage devices on their own network that servers can connect to (block-level) © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Common Data Center Storage Protocols Protocol Application SCSI (Internet Small Computer Medium-sized blade servers, System Interface Enterprise servers, DAS FC (Fiber Channel) Enterprise servers, SAN FCoE (Fiber Channel over Ethernet) Enterprise servers, SAN iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Enterprise servers, NAS System Interface) © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Storage Provisioning Thick provisioning: Disk space is strategically pre-allocated to a server, or a VM. This means that the logical space provided by partitioning is equal to the amount of actual physical space set aside on the physical disk. © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Virtual Data Center Benefits of a Virtual Data Center Data centers use a lot of hardware and virtualization makes hardware more efficient Increased computing resources results in higher availability of applications Less labor needed to monitor data center (administrator can monitor from desk using a program) Software-defined data center (SDDC): Hypervisor pools physical data center resources into a virtual data center © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content What is vSphere? Suite of virtualization technology designed for larger enterprise data center management vSphere virtualization tools include: - ESXi: Type 1 Hypervisor - vCenter: Management software (installed on management server) - vSphere Client: Program that controls host servers and VMs © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content vSphere © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content What is ESXi? ESXi is VMware’s Type 1 hypervisor software installed directly on the physical server and creates the virtual layer Components of ESXi: - Unix Microkernel - VMware Kernel (VMkernel) © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content vCenter and vSphere Client vCenter: Software installed on a dedicated server to manage ESXi servers and other components of a virtualized data center vSphere Client: Program with a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows data center administrators to connect to vCenter and ESXi remotely © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Server Virtualization Results in increased efficiency of data center servers because multiple VMs can be hosted on one server Computing resources can be distributed to customers using less hardware © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content  Storage Virtualization Storage capacity is pooled and distributed to the VMs - Physical storage devices are partitioned into logical storage (LUNs) - LUNs are used to create a datastore How do VMs access data center storage? -VMs are stored as VMDK (.vmdk) files on datastore -VM configuration files (VM settings) are stored as VMX (.vmx) files NDG.tech/vmware content © Network Development Group reserved for use with  Network Virtualization Physical components that make up the physical network are virtualized to create a virtual network What is a vSwitch? -Virtual switch that virtual devices can connect to in order to communicate with each other What is a vLAN? -Virtual Local Area Network that is segmented into groups of ports isolated from one another, creating different network segments © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Types ofVirtual Networks Bridged Network: The host server and the VM are connected to the same network, and the host shares its IP address with the VM NAT: VMs use an IP translated from the host’s IP (using NAT device) and communicate on a private network set up on the host computer Host-only Network: VMs use a private network but do not have translated IP addresses to connect to external network, therefore can only communicate to other VMs on the isolated host network © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Application and Desktop Virtualization Why use virtualized applications? - Some applications have specific system requirements - VMware Thinapp creates a packaged virtual app, that contains the program and system requirements, and delivers it to the end-user What is desktop virtualization? -Designed to solve computing resource issues faced by the mobile workforce (workers that need computing without the hardware) -VMware Horizon takes the resources needed to create a desktop environment from data centers and delivers it to © Network Development Group reserved for use with the end-user’s device NDG.tech/vmware content What is the Cloud? The Cloud Cloud computing is the delivery of shared computing resources (software and/or data) on-demand through the internet © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Types of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is categorized into different service models. The major types of cloud computing are: Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Cloud Deployment Models Cloud deployment includes an emphasize on where the hardware or software is running and who is controlling it. Private Cloud Community Cloud Public Cloud Hybrid Cloud © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content VMware Solutions vMotion Move running virtual machines from one ESXi host to another ESXi host without service interruption (live migration) Increases availability of data and computing resources © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Storage vMotion Move the disks and configuration files of a running virtual machine from one datastore to another datastore without service interruption Increases availability of storage © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content  High Availability (HA) Pools servers (hosts) and the VMs that reside on them in a cluster so that in the event of a failure, the virtual machines on a failed host are restarted on alternate hosts © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content  Fault Tolerance (FT) A secondary copy of that virtual machine and its files is created on another ESXi host and datastore Using FT, the transfer to a different server is seamless and will not be noticeable to the end-user © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content Replication vSphere Replication makes copies of VMs in a different physical location, useful for data protection and disaster recovery Works with vSphere Client to allow admins to monitor © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content vCloud Automation Center Cloud management product to quickly deliver and easily manage the personalized infrastructure, applications, and services for business needs Individuals can have access to a user- friendly self-service portal to create their own machines Ability to deliver services on different platforms such as AWS and Azure © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content CloudHealth Analyze and report your cloud costs, usage, performance, and security Monitor groups of resources or specific resources such as CPU, memory, and disk usage © Network Development Group reserved for use with NDG.tech/vmware content