Instructional Module in Contemporary World PDF

CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC...

CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 SCHOOL OF TEACHER EDUCATION Instructional Module in Contemporary World Preliminaries I. Module Number 1 II. Module Title Introduction to the Study of Globalization III. Brief Introduction Globalization is the process of interaction between individual, corporations, and government around the world. Also, it seen by some as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as a process of capitalist expansion involving the incorporation of local and national economies into a gobal, unregulated market economy. This also discusses the globalization process, condition, ideology and the impact of this in our Academe. Misconceptions about it also influences the globalization IV. Module Outcomes After studying this module, you are expected to: a. Define and give importance of globalization b. Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization and undermine the various school thought and paradigms on Globalization. c. equip the impact of globalization today in the Philippine scenario. d. create truth about the misconception on globalization. Lesson Number 1 Lesson Title a. write a personal definition of globalization and what it stands for in our contemporary world. b. give importance of globalization in our world today c. identified the process, condition and ideology of globalization. d. equip the impact of globalization today in the Philippine society as well as its role in the individual formation as student in relation to future respective professions. e. created truth about the misconception on globalization. Brief Introduction of Globalization has become one of today's defining the Lesson mouthpieces-a concept that defines a number of accelerating economic , political , cultural, ideological and environmental forces that are rapidly transforming our global experience. Since it is the ability to communicate easily with others around the world that connected people in global politics, the global economy, and environmental issues that encompass global, regional , and local aspects of social life developments. It is really important that you are aware of what the world is telling you and offer an in-depth understanding of how you are going to cope with our changing world.  CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 As you go further into the lesson, you will understand the significance and related concepts, topics and principles that shall be discussed on globalization as a process, condition and ideology, impact on the academe and misconception of globalization. Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, you are expected to: a. write a personal definition of globalization and what it stands for in our contemporary world. b. give importance of globalization in our world today c. identified the process, condition and ideology of globalization. d. equip the impact of globalization today in the Philippine society as well as its role in the individual formation as student in relation to future respective professions. e. created truth about the misconception on globalization. Lesson Proper I. Getting Started Read the statement below and answered the question in the space provided (Write your answer in the question here.) “You are living in the Philippines. Your ___________________________________ shirt is made in Thailand. And your shoes ___________________________________ ___________________________________ were made in UK. The iPhone that you ___________________________________ have is manufactured in the United States. ___________________________________ You can travel to visit Korea and see your ___________________________________ favorite K-Pop artist that you ‘ve watch in ___________________________________ your laptop comes from Japan. These are ___________________________________ ___________________________________ indeed exciting times…” ___________________________________ * What do you notice when you have read ___________________________________ the passage? ___________________________________ What do the passage inform you about? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ II. Discussion We as individual are connected to each other. With the use of internet we can communicate through social medias anywhere, everywhere and whenever we want. The social media also, inform as what the world is going on. The phones, apparels, gadgets, accessories even foods we use in day-today life is available to us through globalization. In this world, your choices about where to, shop, invest, and save are no longer confined to national boundaries, but are oriented globally. This evokes images of a world where goods, services, capital, and information flow across seamless national orders and/; the newest buzzword in the popular. This portrays that the role of globalization a role at international levels of trade and commerce.  CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 Introduction to Contemporary World The phrase "the world has shrunk" describes our global conditions. This "shrinking of the world" has taken place because of the combination of human feats including modern transportation, information and communication technology, medical advancement, and technological innovations. People of today's world scoff at stories of the previous generations that moving from one place to another usually required walking several miles, riding a horse- drawn carriage, or traveling by sailboats. In either case, it took a lot of time and required unusual effort to get to one's place of destination. All these discomforts related to travelling have disappeared in the modern era. Nowadays, going to London, Seoul, or Frankfurt can be done in a less amount of time. In addition, the availability of computers, gadgets and mobile phones, together with the internet technology, has placed the world on our fingertips. In effect, the world appears smaller today than it actually is. What is globalization? The term "globalization" has several contending meanings. However, many scholars gave and tried to formulate its definitions. This resulted in different, sometimes contradicting views about the concept. It cannot be contained within a specific time frame, all people, and all situations (Al- Rhodan, 2006). Aside from this, globalization encompasses a multitude of processes that involves the economy, political systems, and culture. Social structures, therefore, are directly affected by globalization. Globalization is a complex, multi-effect phenomenon that makes it difficult to define. Indeed, there are three ways to determine globalization (Mittelmitn, 2006). First, it can be described as factors of production intensification, facilitated by modern means of transport and communication. Second, in a way that events in one part of the world have immediate effects on distant locations, globalization can also be defined as a compression of time and space. The third approach is to understand globalization as a material power historical structure. Globalization represents an economic, political and cultural historic transformation (Mittelman, 2006), Globalization’s driving force is undoubtedly technology progress. It accelerates the effects of globalization and contributes to the essential transformation of economic system functioning. Moreover, A more recent definition was given by Ritzer (2015), "globalization is a trans planetary process or set of process involving increasing liquidity and the growing multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and information as well as the structures they encounter and create that are barriers to, or expedite, those flows. Generally, this definition assumes that globalization could bring either or both integration and/or fragmentation. Although things flow easily in a global world, hindrances or structural blocks are also present. These blocks could slow down one's activity in another country or could even limit the places a person can visit. The final attributes of this definition relates to the way people perceive time and space. Steger notes that “globalization processes do not occur merely at an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness." In other words, people begin to feel that the world has become a smaller place and distance has collapsed from thousands of miles to just a mouse-click away. One can now e-mail a friend in another country and get a reply instantaneously, and as a result, begins to perceive their distance as less consequential. Cable TV and the Internet has also exposed one to news from across the globe, so now, he/she has this greater sense of what is happening in other places. Globalization as a process, condition, and ideology In the absence of a generally accepted definition, Streger (2005) explains that globalization has been commonly understood either as a process, a condition, or an ideology.  CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 Globalization as a process It is viewed as a multidimensional set of social process that generate and increase “worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing awareness of depending connections between local and distant”. This view argues that globalization is about the compression of time and space brought about the changes in technology and the political, cultural, and economic aspects of human existence. It denotes happening over a stretch of time can be trace at the beginning up to present. Also, a sign for globality is the thickening the of social linkages between people from different part of the world. What we should look for are historical evidence of growing worldwide connectivity. Globalization as a condition It is referred to by scholars as globality. Scholte (2008) refers to globality as social condition characterize by trans-planetary connectivity and supra-territoriality. In terms of trans-planetary relations, globality is about establishment of social links between people located at different places of our planet. Meanwhile, supra-territorial relations are social connections that transcend territorial or in other words, globalization a social conditions is characterizes by economic, political, and cultural interconnections and global flows that render political borders and economic barriers irrelevant. This shows the experience of Dr. Vihn Ching, illustrates how present world have increasingly interconnected. Globalization as an ideology Steger (2005), following the line of reasoning of globalization scholar Michael Freeden, explains that globalization exists in people’s consciousness due to it consists a set of coherent as complementary ideas and beliefs about global order. In other words, globalization is a political belief system that benefits a certain class. He argues that globalization as an ideology is defined by six (6) core claims. 1. It is about the liberalization and global integration of markets, or stated in Business Week, “Globalization is about the triumph of markets over governments” 2. It is Inevitable and irreversible. State leaders pushing for neoliberal policies have been heard proclaiming that globalization is happening and cannot be stopped, as it was global wave that has been sweeping the world. 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization. It is a “self-regulating market” , Steger (2005) explains that globalization does not promote the agenda of any specific class or group. 4. It benefits to everyone. Free trade and free market, will bring wealth and prosperity to everyone. A fine example is Chinese businessman Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba group. 5. Furthers the spread of democracy in the world. Globalist share the belief that democracy, freedom, free market, free trade are synonymous. 6. It requires global war terror. This is resulted from the 9-11 attack, combines the idea of economic globalization with American brand of right-wing foreign policy. The Impact of Globalization on the Academe The advent of globalization in the 1970s had greatly affected the academic world as it immediately gained the interest and attention of most social scientists, who were occupied with social phenomena related to globalization. The impact can be seen in the surge in the number of scholarly works about globalization. Over the years, the literature on globalization has been enriched with the inclusion of new research areas and topics, such as studies on transnational sexualities, global tourism, evolution of state institutions, the restructuring of work and the  CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 improvement of working conditions, transnational care-giving, transnational crime syndicates, and the global media to name a few. Clearly, the wide array of globalization-related research topics that scholars can choose from points to the ubiquity of the effects of globalization (Appelbaum and Robinson, 2005). By way of reiteration, the burgeoning literature on globalization reflects the enormity of human activities that can be studied. Also, it shows the extent of globalization's impact on human lives; it shows how different we have become compared to our predecessors in terms of the level of sophistication and cosmopolitanism. The globalization literature suggests that there are two major branches of research: (1) those studying specific problems or issues as they relate to globalization; (2) those studying the concept of globalization itself — theorizing the very nature of the process. Both areas entail a great deal of theorizing in order to make sense of the various phenomena comprising globalization. How do we theorize on this phenomenon that we call globalization? What types of theories have been developed to explain social change in the 21st century? Are the major theories of the traditional social science disciplines adequate to explain the various phenomena within globalization? Or, do we need new theoretical models? Theoretical paradigm of Globalization 1. World Systems Paradigm – Immanuel Wallerstein view that the globalization not as a recent phenomenon but as virtually synonymous with birth and spread of word capitalism. This paradigm adheres to the idea that capitalism has created a global enterprise that swept the 19th century leading to the present time. Key structure of the capitalist are core (division), periphery (region) and semi periphery (states and regions) 2. Global Capitalism Paradigm – under this school of thought teat globalization as a novel stage in the evolving system of world capitalism (capitalist globalization). They focus on the new global production and financial system, both are seen to have superseded earlier national forms of capitalism. 3. The New Society School of Thought – It put forth in the premise that technology and technological change are underlying cause several processes that compromise globalization. this idea is articulated in the important collection of works of Manuel CasteIls called The Rise of the Network Society (1996, I t)L)7, 1998), which features his 'technologistic’ approach to globalization. He advanced the notion of the "new economy". This new economy is: (I) informational, knowledge-based, (2) global, in that production is organized on a global Kale; and (3) networked, in that productivity is generated through global networks of interaction. 4. Space, Time, and Globalization – Anthony Giddens define it time-space distanciation as ‘the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice-versa – social relation are lifted out from local contexts of interaction and restructured across time and space. 5. Transnationality and Transnationalism- Transnationalism refers to umbrella concept encompassing a wide variety of transformative processes, practices and developments that take simultaneously at the local level and global level. Transnational process and practices are defined broadly as the multiple ties and interactions- economic, political, social and cultural-that link people, communities and institution across the border of nation-state. 6. Global Culture Paradigm – emphasized the rapid growth of the mass media and resultant global cultural flows and images in recent decades. Misconception about Globalization Scholte (2008), in his attempt to clarify the meaning of globalization, criticizes the several flawed analyses of globalization pointing out that they end in failure to produce new  CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 knowledge. In other words, he defines globalization by telling us what is not. Below are the misconceptions of globalization. Globalization as internationalization Internationalization includes activities by entities such as corporations, states, international organizations, private organization, and even individuals with reference to national borders and national governments. Globalization, on the other hand, includes a gamut of human activities that do not require reference to a state's national borders. For instance, exchanges of romantic words in a social media platform such as Facebook between a Filipina located in the Philippines and a German residing in his country fall within globalization do not need their respective government's permission to do so. Globalization as liberalization The analyses of globalization is treating it as synonymous to liberalization. Liberalization is commonly understood as the removal of barriers and restrictions imposed by national governments so as to create an open and borderless world economy. In this sense, globalization is realization is realized when national governments “reduce or abolish regulatory measures like trade barriers, foreign exchange restrictions, capital controls and visa requirements. The problem with this, Scholte explains that it confines the study of globalization within the debate concerning the neoliberal macroeconomic policies. On one side of the debate are the academics, business executives, and policymakers that have supported neoliberal policies of liberalization, privatization deregulation, and fiscal restraint would in time bring prosperity, freedom, peace , and democracy for all. Globalization as universalization and westernization A final cul-de-sac appears in the analyses of globalization when it is thought of as universalization and westernization. Universalization denotes a process of spreading various objects, practices, and experiences to the different parts of the planet. Hence, there is globalization when things, values, and practices have spread worldwide. This interpretation of globalization entails homogenization of culture, politics, economy, and laws. As homogenization progresses, globalization destroys several indigenous cultures and practices. If Western modernity spreads and destroys local cultures, this variant of universalization is known as Westernization, neo¬colonialism, Americanization, or Mc Donaldization. Scholte (2008) notes that there are issues arising from these misconceptions. First, universalization is not a new feature of world history. The migration of the human species that took place a million years ago is one great example of globalization in the ancient times. The continuous spread of the major religions like Christianity and Islam since their foundation constitutes another instance of globalization which is not confined to contemporary period. Second, westernization is not the only path that can be taken by globalization as shown by the studies on oriental globalization.  CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC. CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818 CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805 Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420 V. References Aldama (2018). The Contemporary World. Sampaloc Manila, Rex Book Store, Inc. Ambidda et. al (2019). The Contemporary World. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Brown (2014). Globalization Theories. Khan Academy. Retrieved from: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/society-and- culture/demographics/v/globalization-theories Coronacion et al. (2019). Convergence a college textbook in contemporary world. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Claudio et al. (2018.) The contemporary world. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc. Prepared by: ANTHONY D. ALOTA, LPT Instructor Approved by: Dr. John Marc R. Mendoza, MLIS Vice – President of Academic Affairs