Contemporary World Topics 1 & 2 Final PDF

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  INTRODUCTION Globalization is one of the key concepts of our time. It has been the topic of debates and perhaps one of the descriptions being given about this topic is the idea that the world is becoming more similar in terms of beliefs, practices, and...

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD  INTRODUCTION Globalization is one of the key concepts of our time. It has been the topic of debates and perhaps one of the descriptions being given about this topic is the idea that the world is becoming more similar in terms of beliefs, practices, and culture. The concept is being tied up with modernity, with continuous technological advancements and increasing economic, cultural, political and historical relationships among nations.  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: General: Understand the meaning of globalization. 1. Define globalization using different concepts. 2. Be knowledgeable on the different interpretations and approaches of globalization. 3. Tell their globalization experience.  GLOBALIZATION Globalization includes economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the transmission of knowledge; cultural stability; the reproduction, relations, and discourses of power; it is a global process, a concept, a revolution, and an establishment of the global market free from socio-political control. GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION  THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION  GLOBALIZATION This division of labor is explained as the forces of production of the world economy and the reason for the existence of the two interdependent regions called core and periphery. Both of the regions are culturally and geographicallydifferent. One is focused on labor- intensive production, while the other one is focused on capital-intensive production (Goldfrank, 2000).  GLOBALIZATION In simple terms, world system theory is a perspective that globalization is essentially the expansion of the capitalist system around the globe. Capitalist system is a political and economic system where trade, industries, and economy in general are dominated by private ownership instead of being state owned.  GLOBALIZATION Adding one to what Goldfrank stated as interdependent regions, World system theory is characterized by three interdependent regions: core, semiperiphery and periphery.  GLOBALIZATION Core: refers to advanced or highly developed countries/ incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries and more technology/ generate more wealth in the world economy. Examples: Western Europe, USA, Japan  GLOBALIZATION Semi-periphery: acts as defense zone between core and periphery, and has a mix of the kinds of activities and institutions that exist on them/ may be exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery. Examples: China, Ireland, Mexico  GLOBALIZATION Periphery: refers to less developed (Third World) countries, incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries and less technology/ generate less wealth in the world economy. Examples: Philippines, Vietnam, Africa GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION Theory of Modernization Theory of Modernization Theory of Modernization Theory of Modernization GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION  World Polity Theory This is considered as a response to modernization theory. In addition to the modernization theory, it implies that all societies start out as traditional economies, then they have an industrial revolution,(a period where economies are dominated by industries and machine manufacturing and countries are becoming urbanized and less agricultural) eventually they become modern, hightechnology societies.  World Culture Theory This perspective agrees that world culture is new and important, but it is less homogenous than world polity scholars imply. Globalization is a process of relativization. World society consists of a complex set of relationships among multiple units in the global field.  REVITALIZATION This means that each unit emerging in the world order takes shape depending on its surroundings. For example, as nation-states become subject to universal standards derived from a common conception of humankind, citizenship in those societies become relativized.  EMULATION Although globalization cannot create a common culture, where everyone has the same values and beliefs, it can create a single arena in which all actors pursue their goals with comparison to others, employing at least some common standards as yardsticks  EMULATION Although globalization cannot create a common culture, where everyone has the same values and beliefs, it can create a single arena in which all actors pursue their goals with comparison to others, employing at least some common standards as yardsticks  GLOCALIZATION The ideas and processes inside globalization are interpreted differently according to the point of particular groups and their history. Glocalization is a practice that involves both local and global considerations. Homogenization is the process of making things alike while heterogenization is the process of adoption of elements of global culture to local cultures also known as cultural heterogenization. GLOCALIZATION  NEOLIBERALISM Neoliberalism is a theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills characterized by strong private property rights, free markets, and free trade. The concept also suggests its meaning, revival of liberalism.