Biology Past Paper PDF

Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts? a\. Dissection b\. Physiology c\. Pathology d\. Anatomy 3\. Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease? a\. Dissection b\. Physiology c\. Pathology d\. Anatomy 4\. Cells a\. are more comp...

Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts? a\. Dissection b\. Physiology c\. Pathology d\. Anatomy 3\. Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease? a\. Dissection b\. Physiology c\. Pathology d\. Anatomy 4\. Cells a\. are more complex than tissues. b\. are the first level of organization in the body. c\. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body. d\. both B and C. 5\. A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n) a\. molecule. b\. organ. c\. tissue. d\. organism. The eye is considered part of the nervous system. a\. central b\. peripheral c\. autonomic d\. sympathetic TOP: Organs and divisions of the nervous system 2\. The autonomic nervous system is a subdivision of the nervous system. a\. central b\. sympathetic c\. peripheral d\. parasympathetic 3\. Axons a\. are usually highly branched. b\. carry nerve impulses toward the cell body. c\. carry nerve impulses away from the cell body. d\. both A and B. 4\. Dendrites a\. are usually highly branched. b\. carry impulses away from the cell body. c\. are usually surrounded by myelin. d\. all of the above. 5\. Sensory neurons are also called a\. interneurons. b\. efferent neurons. c\. afferent neurons. d\. glia cells. 6\. Motor neurons are also called a\. interneurons. b\. efferent neurons. c\. afferent neurons. d\. glia cells. 7\. Another name for connecting neurons is a\. interneurons. b\. efferent neurons. c\. motor neurons. d\. afferent neurons. 8\. Which type of glia cell produces myelin for cells in the brain? a\. Microglia b\. Oligodendrocytes c\. Astrocytes d\. Neurolemma 9\. Which type of glia cell turns into a microbe-eating cell in inflamed brain tissue? a\. Microglia b\. Oligodendrocyte c\. Astroglia d\. Neurolemma 10\. Which of the following statements is not true of multiple sclerosis? a\. It is considered a myelin disorder. b\. Oligodendrocyte injury or death occurs. c\. The disease is most common in women between the ages of 20 and 40. d\. It is usually the result of a neuroma. 11\. Which of the following statements is not true of nervous system tumors? a\. Most tumors develop from neurons. b\. Neuroma is a general name for a nervous system tumor. c\. Multiple neurofibromatosis is an example of a nervous system tumor. d\. Most tumors in the nervous system result from the metastasis of other types of tumors. 12\. The outermost covering of a nerve is called the a\. epineurium. b\. endoneurium. c\. perineurium. d\. fascicles. 13\. The most basic reflex arc is a\. a one-neuron pathway. b\. a two-neuron pathway. c\. a three-neuron pathway. d\. an interneuron. 14\. During a nerve impulse a\. the interior of the neuron becomes more negative. b\. sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron. c\. sodium ions are allowed into the neuron. d\. the entire neuron becomes positively charged. 15\. Saltatory conduction a\. is called "saltatory" because it is caused by sodium chloride. b\. is much slower than nonsaltatory conduction. c\. occurs only in the dendrites. d\. occurs only in the axons. 16\. Which of the following structures is not part of a synapse? a\. Synaptic knob b\. Synaptic cleft c\. Neurotransmitter d\. Plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell 17\. Which of the following neurotransmitters is not considered a catecholamine? a\. Norepinephrine b\. Acetylcholine c\. Dopamine d\. Serotonin 18\. The vital centers are located in the a\. medulla oblongata. b\. pons. c\. spinal cord. d\. midbrain. 19\. Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? a\. Produces antidiuretic hormone. b\. Helps regulate body temperature. c\. Plays a part in the "arousal or alerting mechanism." d\. Helps regulate water balance. 20\. Which of the following is not a function of the thalamus? a\. Controls appetite. b\. Relays impulses to the cerebral cortex from sense organs. c\. Associates sensations with emotions. d\. Plays a part in the "arousal or alerting mechanism." 21\. Which of the following statements is not true of the cerebellum? a\. It is the second largest part of the brain. b\. It lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. c\. It is responsible for muscle coordination. d\. It helps regulate water balance and sleep cycles. 22\. Which of the following statements is not true of the spinal cord? a\. It is the primary reflex center. b\. It contains both gray and white matter. c\. It extends from the occipital bone to the third sacral vertebra. d\. It transmits impulses to and from the brain. 23\. The outermost layer of the meninges is the a\. pia mater. b\. choroid plexus. c\. arachnoid mater. d\. dura mater. 24\. Cerebrospinal fluid is found between the a\. skull and the dura mater. b\. dura mater and the arachnoid mater. c\. arachnoid mater and the pia mater. d\. pia mater and the brain. 25\. Another name for tic douloureux is a\. sciatica. b\. shingles. c\. Bell palsy. d\. trigeminal neuralgia. 26\. A person who has never had chicken pox is less likely to develop a\. sciatica. b\. shingles. c\. Bell palsy. d\. trigeminal neuralgia. 27\. The somatic nervous system carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to a\. cardiac muscle. b\. skeletal muscle. c\. smooth muscle. d\. all of the above. 28\. Somatic motor neurons a\. use a single-neuron pathway to connect the spinal cord to the effector organ. b\. produce epinephrine as their neurotransmitter. c\. synapse at the collateral ganglia. d\. both A and B. 29\. Which of the following neurons is classified as a cholinergic fiber? a\. Parasympathetic preganglionic axon b\. Sympathetic preganglionic axon c\. Sympathetic postganglionic axon d\. Both A and B 30\. Which of the following neurons is classified as an adrenergic fiber? a\. Parasympathetic preganglionic axon b\. Sympathetic preganglionic axon c\. Sympathetic postganglionic axon d\. Both A and B 31\. The outer membrane of a Schwann cell is called the a\. neurilemmal. b\. myelin. c\. node of Ranvier. d\. glia. 32\. The indentations between Schwann cells are called a\. neurilemmas. b\. myelin. c\. nodes of Ranvier. d\. glias. 33\. A nerve is a\. also called a tract. b\. a group of peripheral axons. c\. considered gray matter. d\. both A and C. 34\. The perineurium is a\. a tough, fibrous sheath covering the whole nerve. b\. another name for a fascicle. c\. a thin wrapping of fibrous tissue around each axon. d\. a thin fibrous tissue surrounding a group of axons. 35\. A reflex arc may not have which of the following? a\. A sensory neuron b\. An interneuron c\. A motor neuron d\. All reflex arcs must have all of the above. 36\. Which of the following is an example of a morphine like neurotransmitter? a\. Enkephalin b\. Acetylcholine c\. Dopamine d\. Serotonin 37\. Parkinson disease is a nervous disorder resulting from a deficiency of which neurotransmitter? a\. Acetylcholine b\. Enkephalin c\. Serotonin d\. Dopamine 38\. Which of the following is not considered part of the brainstem? a\. Medulla oblongata b\. Cerebellum c\. Pons d\. Midbrain 39\. Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system? a\. Cranial nerves b\. Spinal nerves c\. The autonomic nervous system d\. All of the above are part of the peripheral nervous system. The eye can be considered a a\. general sense. b\. special sense. c\. chemoreceptor. d\. both B and C. 2\. The sense of smell can be considered a a\. general sense. b\. special sense. c\. chemoreceptor. d\. both B and C. 3\. The sense of touch can be considered a a\. general sense. b\. special sense. c\. chemoreceptor. d\. both B and C. 4\. The part of the body that is least able to distinguish a one-point stimulus from a two-point stimulus is the a\. fingertip. b\. palm of the hand. c\. back. d\. All areas of the body do equally well. 5\. Muscle spindles can be considered a a\. special sense. b\. chemoreceptor. c\. thermoreceptor. d\. proprioceptor. 6\. Which of the following is not one of the three layers of tissue that form the eyeball wall? a\. Conjunctiva b\. Sclera c\. Choroid d\. Retina 7\. Which of the following is an involuntary muscle that makes up the front part of the vascular layer? a\. The iris b\. The pupil c\. The ciliary muscle d\. Both A and C 8\. Which of the following is not associated with the retina? a\. Rods b\. Lens c\. Cones d\. Macula 9\. Light passes through all of the following structures to get to the retina except the a\. pupil. b\. lens. c\. palpebral fissure. d\. cornea. 10\. If the eyeball is elongated, it causes which of the following conditions? a\. Myopia b\. Hyperopia c\. Nearsightedness d\. Both A and C 11\. If the eyeball is too short from front to back, it causes which of the following conditions? a\. Myopia b\. Hyperopia c\. Nearsightedness d\. Both A and C 12\. Which of the following is not a refraction disorder? a\. Glaucoma b\. Myopia c\. Hyperopia d\. Astigmatism 13\. The leading cause of permanent blindness in the elderly is a\. cataract. b\. glaucoma. c\. macular degeneration. d\. retinal detachment. 14\. The external ear ends at the a\. auricle. b\. tympanic membrane. c\. external auditory canal. d\. tragus. 15\. Which of the following is not a bone of the middle ear? a\. Cochlea b\. Stapes c\. Incus d\. Malleus 16\. Which of the following structures in the inner ear is the organ of hearing? a\. Bony labyrinth b\. Semicircular canal c\. Vestibule d\. Organ of Corti 17\. Which of the following is not a hearing loss caused by nerve impairment or damage? a\. Ménière disease b\. Presbycusis c\. Otitis media d\. All of the above are caused by nerve impairment or damage. 18\. Which of the following is a progressive hearing loss usually associated with aging? a\. Tinnitus b\. Presbycusis c\. Otitis d\. Otosclerosis 19\. Which of the following is untrue about the sense of taste? a\. It involves chemoreceptors. b\. It is generated by cells in the taste buds called gustatory cells. c\. There are four primary tastes. d\. All of the above are true about the sense of taste. 20\. Which of the following is untrue about the sense of smell? a\. It involves chemoreceptors. b\. The olfactory receptors are very sensitive. c\. The olfactory receptors maintain their sensitivity for a long period of time. d\. All of the above are true about the sense of smell. 21\. Which of the following is not a classification of sense organs? a\. Sound receptor (audioreceptor) b\. Chemical receptor (chemoreceptor) c\. Light receptor (photoreceptor) d\. All of the above are classifications of sense organs. 22\. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a general sense organ? a\. Receptors are scattered all over the body. b\. Receptors are most concentrated in the skin. c\. Receptors include proprioceptors. d\. All of the above are characteristics of a general sense organ. 23\. Which of the following is the "white" of the eye? a\. Cornea b\. Sclera c\. Conjunctiva d\. Pupil 24\. Which of the following is sometimes called the "window" of the eye? a\. Cornea b\. Sclera c\. Conjunctiva d\. Pupil 25\. Which is not a type of cone found in the retina? a\. Red b\. Blue c\. Yellow d\. Green 26\. Which disorder of the eye is caused by an abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor in the eye? a\. Macular degeneration b\. Glaucoma c\. Cataracts d\. Nyctalopia 27\. Which condition is also called "night blindness"? a\. Macular degeneration b\. Glaucoma c\. Cataracts d\. Nyctalopia 28\. Which structure is important to your sense of balance and equilibrium? a\. Cochlea b\. Organ of Corti c\. Crista ampullaris d\. Tragus 2\. The pH of blood must stay a\. slightly acid. b\. neutral. c\. slightly basic. d\. moderately acid. 3\. A person with type A blood has a\. anti-A antibodies. b\. A antigens. c\. anti-B antibodies. d\. both B and C. 4\. A person with type AB blood has a\. anti-A antibodies. b\. anti-B antibodies. c\. B antigens. d\. both A and B. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 356 TOP: Blood types 5\. A person with type O blood has a\. anti-A antibodies. b\. anti-B antibodies. c\. A antigens. d\. both A and B. The blood type considered the universal donor is type a. A−. b. B +. c. O−. d. AB+. ANS: C REF: p. The blood type considered the universal donor is type a\. A. b\. B \+. c\. O. d\. AB+. ANS: C REF: p. 357 PTS: 1 TOP: Blood types DIF: Memorization 7\. The blood type considered the universal recipient is type a\. A. b\. B \+. c\. O. d\. AB+. 7\. The blood type considered the universal recipient is type a\. A−. b\. B +. c\. O−. d\. AB+. 8\. An Rh-positive mother should be concerned about erythroblastosis fetalis under which circumstance? a\. If the father is Rh negative, the Rh-positive mother should be concerned. b\. If this is her second child and she has not taken RhoGAM, the Rh-positive mother should be concerned. c\. She should not be at all concerned about erythroblastosis fetalis. d\. Both A and B are correct. 9\. Which of the following substances is not found in plasma? a\. Hormones b\. Food c\. Oxygen d\. All of the above are found in plasma. 10\. Which of the following substances is not found in plasma? a\. Albumin b\. Globulins c\. Serum d\. All of the above are found in plasma. 11\. Which of the following is not a white blood cell? a\. Neutrophil b\. Thrombocyte c\. Lymphocyte d\. All of the above are white blood cells. 12\. What is the approximate number of red blood cells in one cubic millimeter (mm3 )of blood? a\. 1 million b\. 3 million c\. 5 million d\. 7 million 13\. One sign of infection in the body is an increase in the number of white blood cells. A doctor would be concerned about an infection if the white blood cell numbers were which of the following? a\. 1,000/mm3 b\. 4,000/mm3 c\. 7,000/mm3 d\. None of these values indicates an infection. 14\. A red blood cell that is smaller than normal and has less hemoglobin than normal would be called a\. microcytic and hypochromic. b\. macrocytic and hypochromic. c\. microcytic and hyperchromic. d\. macrocytic and hyperchromic. 15\. The role of hemoglobin in the red blood cell is to carry a\. oxygen. b\. carbon dioxide. c\. hormones. d\. both A and B. 16\. Blood loss anemia is also known as anemia. a\. aplastic b\. pernicious c\. hemorrhagic d\. hemolytic 17\. Injections of vitamin B12 are used successfully to treat anemia. a\. aplastic b\. pernicious c\. hemorrhagic d\. hemolytic 18\. Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are examples of anemia. a\. aplastic b\. pernicious c\. hemorrhagic d\. hemolytic 19\. Which of the following is not a granulocyte? a\. Monocyte b\. Neutrophil c\. Basophil d\. Eosinophil 20\. Which of the following is not an agranulocyte? a\. Eosinophil b\. Lymphocyte c\. Thrombocyte d\. Neither A nor C is an agranulocyte. 21\. Which of the following is a cancer of the plasma cells and is one of the most common and one of the most deadly of the blood cancers? a\. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia b\. Multiple myeloma c\. Acute lymphocytic leukemia d\. Chronic myeloid leukemia 22\. Which of the following is the most common form of blood cancer in children between the ages of 3 and 7? a\. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia b\. Multiple myeloma c\. Acute lymphocytic leukemia d\. Chronic myeloid leukemia 23\. The final product in the process of blood clot formation is a\. thromboplastin. b\. thrombin. c\. fibrinogen. d\. fibrin. 24\. Which of the following substances is given to patients to dissolve blood clots? a\. Vitamin K b\. Tissue plasminogen activator c\. Heparin d\. Warfarin 25\. Which clotting disorder is an inherited X-linked disorder? a\. Thrombosis b\. Thrombocytopenia c\. Hemophilia d\. Embolism 26\. Which combination of parents might have a child with erythroblastosis fetalis? a\. Both parents are Rh positive. b\. Both parents are Rh negative. c\. The mother is Rh positive; the father is Rh negative. d\. The mother is Rh negative; the father is Rh positive. 27\. Which of the following plasma proteins is necessary for blood clotting to occur? a\. Albumin b\. Globulin c\. Fibrinogen d\. Both A and C are necessary for blood clotting to occur. 28\. Which of the following tissues is not involved in blood cell formation? a\. Myeloid tissue b\. Lymphatic tissue c\. Red bone marrow d\. All of the above tissues are involved in blood cell formation. 29\. Which of the following nutrients is not needed for the manufacture of hemoglobin? a\. Iron b\. Calcium c\. Folate d\. All of the above nutrients are needed for hemoglobin formation. 30\. Which of the following is not a method used to transport carbon dioxide in the blood? a\. Carried by hemoglobin b\. Dissolved in the plasma c\. Carried as the bicarbonate ion d\. All of the above are methods used to transport carbon dioxide. 31\. If whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge tube, the layers of blood components from top to bottom would be a\. plasma---buffy coat---red blood cells. b\. buffy coat---plasma---red blood cells. c\. plasma---red blood cells---buffy coat. d\. red blood cells---plasma---buffy coat. 32\. Which type of anemia is related to high-dose exposure to toxic chemicals and radiation? a\. Aplastic anemia b\. Pernicious anemia c\. Hemorrhagic anemia d\. Hemolytic anemia 33\. Which agranulocyte can produce antibodies? a\. Monocyte b\. Lymphocyte c\. Neutrophil d\. Basophil 34\. Which granulocyte is the most numerous phagocyte? a\. Monocyte b\. Lymphocyte c\. Neutrophil d\. Basophil 35\. Which granulocyte secretes the chemical histamine? a\. Monocyte b\. Eosinophil c\. Neutrophil d\. Basophil 36\. Which granulocyte helps protect against infections caused by parasites? a\. Monocytes b\. Eosinophil c\. Neutrophil d\. Basophil 37\. Which substance must be present at all times in the blood for the blood to clot properly? a\. Thrombin b\. Fibrin c\. Calcium d\. All of the above substances must be present at all times for the blood to clot properly. MATCHING Match each of the following terms with its corresponding description or definition. a\. Hemoglobin b\. Buffy coat c\. Plasma d\. Eosinophil e\. Basophil f\. Monocyte g\. Thrombocyte h\. Erythrocyte i\. Serum j\. Fibrin 1\. An agranulocyte that becomes a macrophage as it moves into tissue 2\. The layer of white blood cells and platelets between the plasma and red blood cells in "spun down" blood 3\. The liquid part of the blood that contains all of the functional proteins of the blood 4\. Another name for a red blood cell 5\. The liquid part of the blood with the clotting factors removed 6\. Another name for platelets 7\. White blood cell that protects against parasitic worms 8\. The specialized red pigment found in red blood cells 9\. An important protein in blood clot formation 10\. White blood cell that produces heparin and histamine functional proteins of the blood 4. Anothe ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 354 \| p. 359 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 354 \| p. 359 TOP: Red blood cells (erythrocytes